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Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) (Amendment) and Other Matters Bill›Bills Introduced2 turns · 180w
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bill-intro-673
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[+2 sentences][(proc text) "to amend the Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act 1993 to enhance the controls relating to tobacco products, vaporisers and imitation tobacco products, to control the consumption of certain psychoactive substances, to provide for the treatment and rehabilitation of certain persons, to make saving and transitional provisions when these psychoactive substances cease to be controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1973, to amend the Poisons Act 1938 and to make consequential and related amendments to certain other Acts", (proc text)] [(proc text) presented by the Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) on behalf of the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health; read the First time; to be read a Second time after the conclusion of proceedings on the Estimates of Expenditure for FY2026/27. (proc text)]
Mr Speaker43 words
[+5 sentences]So be it. Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 3.30 pm. Order, Order. Sitting accordingly suspended at 3.04 pm until 3.30 pm.[+1 sentence] Sitting resumed 3.30 pm.
[+2 sentences]Order. The Clerk will now proceed to read the Notice of Motion.
The Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (Mr Lawrence Wong)11750 words
[+31 sentences]Mr Speaker, I move, "That Parliament approves the financial policy of the Government for the Financial Year 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027." This is our first Budget in this new term of Government. It comes as we enter a post-SG60 phase in our nation building journey. We begin this next phase at a time of profound global change. For nearly eight decades, the world benefited from an international order that supported stability and economic cooperation. The system rested, in large part, on the leadership of the United States (US). It underwrote global security, championed open markets and helped form the institutions and rules that enabled shared prosperity across the world, including here in Asia. That era has now come to an end. The US is re-assessing, and in some areas undoing, key elements of the very system it once helped to build. Trade rules that were once promoted are being set aside. Global institutions are being bypassed and long-standing norms are becoming less reliable. The cumulative effect is a weakening of the multilateral system. Countries everywhere have less confidence that common rules will protect their interests. As a result, more states are resorting to unilateral action and some are becoming emboldened to do so. At the same time, the guardrails that once managed disputes and tensions are eroding. And so, the world is becoming more contested, more fragmented and ultimately more dangerous. Against this backdrop, last year, there was widespread expectation that the US Liberation Day tariffs would trigger a sharp global slowdown. Fortunately, our worst fears did not materialise. Many firms adjusted quickly – front-loading production and imports to get ahead of the tariff measures. Subsequent trade deals, together with shifts in global supply chains, helped to reduce the actual impact of the tariffs. As a result, growth in the major economies held up, supported in part by strong investment in artificial intelligence (AI)-related activities. In short, despite mounting stresses, the global economy proved more resilient than anticipated and the international system continued to function. This year, however, we may not be so fortunate. Events in just the first month of 2026 have already been of exceptional scale and consequence. They have increased geopolitical tensions worldwide. As pressures build and the margin for error narrows, the resilience of the global system will be tested far more severely. There are also clear and growing signs of fragility in the global economy. Rising public debt in many major economies will strain financial stability and weigh on longer-term growth prospects. At the same time, heightened risk-taking in financial markets has pushed up asset valuations, leaving them vulnerable to abrupt corrections. Any such adjustment would dampen confidence and spill over into real economic activity. These external developments have a direct bearing on us. Last year, the resilience of the global economy, combined with our own economic strength, resulted in better-than-expected growth of 5%.[+2 sentences] Strong external demand boosted key industry clusters, including electronics and biomedical manufacturing. These gains generated spillovers across the broader economy. Some of the positive momentum will continue into this year. But amidst heightened global uncertainties, we expect a more moderate outlook for 2026. Growth is therefore projected at 2% to 4%; with inflation at 1% to 2%.[+14 sentences] Despite these uncertainties, we can move forward with confidence – confidence grounded in fundamentals. Over the decades, we have systematically strengthened our economic foundations: deepening capabilities, investing in our people and reshaping our industries as technologies evolve. We have built a reputation as a reliable and trusted hub – stable, secure, and well-governed – qualities that businesses and investors have come to value highly, more so now than before, precisely because the world has become more fractured and uncertain. All these give Singapore an important and tangible competitive advantage. But past success alone will not carry us forward. In a profoundly changed world, standing still is not an option. We cannot wait for conditions to turn more favourable. Nor can we fall back on strategies designed for a previous era. We therefore have a full agenda in this term of Government to refresh our strategies and strengthen our social compact. Budget 2026 is the first step in this effort, to secure our future in a changed world. It lays the groundwork for how we will navigate our next phase of development – together, as one people. In this Budget, we will: advance our refreshed economic strategy; harness artificial intelligence (AI) as a strategic advantage; build a resilient and skilled workforce; give families more support and greater assurance; protect our security and sustainability; and renew and strengthen our Singapore spirit. I will touch on each of these in turn. While our economy did well last year, some businesses continue to face cost pressures and operating challenges. We will support our businesses and help them stay competitive. I will provide a 40% Corporate Income Tax rebate in the Year of Assessment 2026. Every active company that employed at least one local employee last year will receive a minimum benefit of $1,500. The total benefit for each company will be capped at $30,000.[+5 sentences] This will provide short-term relief, as we press on with our restructuring and transformation efforts. Growth will be harder in this changed world. We must aim higher, move faster and be prepared to take calculated risks. This is why the Government convened the Economic Strategy Review (ESR). The ESR committee shared their mid-term update last month and we will move decisively to act on their recommendations. Our ambition is to secure growth at the higher end of the 2% to 3% range over the next decade.[+15 sentences] But growth itself is not enough. Growth must translate into good jobs and rising incomes for Singaporeans. Let me share how we will achieve this. First, we must adapt and connect differently in a changed global environment. Some countries are turning inward, seeking to reduce their external dependence. But for Singapore that is not an option. To prosper, we still need to be connected to the world – trading with others and integrating ourselves into global flows. Importantly, globalisation has not ended. No country can succeed on its own. Most major products still depend on a global division of labour, combining expertise and materials from many countries, and on access to global markets to achieve scale. This fundamental reality has not changed. What has changed is globalisation as we knew it. Economic flows are becoming more selective, partnerships more strategic and resilience now matters as much as efficiency. So, Singapore must adjust to these new patterns – staying open, but connecting in smarter, more diversified and more resilient ways. That is why we are forging new forms of cooperation with partners who share our commitment. Last year, we launched the Future of Investment and Trade Partnership, bringing together like-minded partners to cooperate in areas like technology, trade facilitation and supply chain resilience. This month, the EU-Singapore Digital Trade Agreement entered into force – a landmark agreement with robust rules for digital trade. Later this year, we will sign a first-of-its-kind Agreement on Trade in Essential Supplies with New Zealand – to ensure the continuity of critical trade flows between our two countries in times of crisis.[+15 sentences] We will also step up engagement with fast-growing markets, including in Latin America, Africa and the Middle East. We will establish new embassies and strengthen our diplomatic and economic presence on the ground to take better advantage of emerging opportunities in these regions. Closer to home, we are working with our neighbours to deepen regional integration. This includes cooperating on projects like the Johor-Singapore Special Economic Zone, and the Batam, Bintan and Karimun Free Trade Zones in Indonesia. In short, we will redouble our efforts to diversify globally and to integrate regionally. But connectivity alone is not enough. It must translate into real opportunities that our businesses can capture and seize. Many Singapore companies are already doing this. One example is Rotary Engineering. It started in 1972 offering electrical installation services to oil refineries and petrochemical plants here in Singapore. But it did not confine itself to our domestic market. Over time, it built a leading presence in Southeast Asia delivering energy infrastructure services. Now, it is venturing further afield and deepening its presence in the Middle East. But doing business overseas is not easy, especially for smaller firms. Companies face unfamiliar regulations, different business practices and intense local competition. So, we will do more to support Singapore companies as they venture abroad. We will enhance the support levels for grant schemes that support companies to internationalise – up to 70% for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and up to 50% for non-SMEs.[+1 sentence] We will also enhance the Market Readiness Assistance grant to support companies not just to access new markets, but to deepen activities in existing overseas markets as well. Under the Double Tax Deduction for Internationalisation scheme, companies automatically enjoy a 200% tax deduction for selected qualifying activities, capped at $150,000. We will allow more qualifying activities to be eligible for such automatic tax deduction claims and raise the cap to $400,000.[+19 sentences] We will enhance the Enterprise Financing Scheme by increasing the maximum loan quantum for trade and fixed asset loans. This will give companies more flexibility to cater to their different financing needs. We will also provide more support for companies pursuing significant overseas ventures that require higher capital outlay. The Minister for Trade and Industry will share more about these changes at the Committee of Supply. Second, we will build leadership in key growth clusters. That means anchoring critical segments of global value chains here in Singapore, especially activities with high knowledge content and strong spillovers. Our goal is not just to host such activities, but to shape how these industries develop and where they create value. We are already doing this in some areas like semiconductors. A key frontier in semiconductors is Advanced Packaging. Despite what the name suggests – Advanced Packaging – this is highly complex and technologically demanding. Traditionally, faster chips have been built by packing more transistors onto a single chip. But this is becoming more costly, and we are approaching physical limits. As a result, attention has shifted to Advanced Packaging, which integrates multiple chips into a single package, using highly precise manufacturing technologies. This delivers better performance and energy efficiency. Singapore began investing in Advanced Packaging research and development (R&D) more than two decades ago, well before it became a global priority. These investments are now bearing fruit. They are one reason why major semiconductor companies continue to invest heavily in Singapore, not just in manufacturing, but also in R&D, innovation and supply chain partnerships. We see a similar pattern in other key industries like aerospace and biomedical sciences. Technology is the critical enabler underpinning our strategy to build leadership in these clusters. Singapore must be a place where frontier technologies are developed, tested and commercialised. That is why we will invest $37 billion under the Research, Innovation and Enterprise, or RIE2030 plan. This reflects our sustained commitment to research and innovation, amounting to around 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) each year.[+32 sentences] At the same time, we must be realistic. In absolute dollars, our public R&D spending will always be modest compared to the sums deployed by much larger economies. We cannot outspend them. Instead, our investments must be disciplined, focused and strategic, directed at areas where Singapore has clear strengths and where our efforts can make a real difference. There is potential in emerging areas like decarbonisation solutions and quantum technology. In quantum, for example, we made an early and deliberate bet. In 2007, we established the Centre for Quantum Technologies at the National University of Singapore (NUS). Much of quantum research then was still theoretical. But we invested patiently in building foundational capabilities, believing that these would one day translate into transformative applications. That foresight is paying off. Today, quantum computing is moving rapidly from theory to reality, with far-reaching implications across many fields. The major technology players are investing heavily in capabilities to build commercial-scale quantum computers. And Singapore is attracting some of the best. Quantinuum, one of the world's leading quantum computer companies, has established operations here and will be hosting its latest quantum computer in Singapore, making us the first country outside America to host this system. This will give our researchers and companies, including a few home-grown startups, direct access to cutting-edge quantum compute and opportunities to work on meaningful projects. We are also attracting top global talent and partnerships. Nobel Laureate Prof John Martinis, a pioneer in superconducting systems, co-founded a quantum computing startup, which is collaborating with our researchers at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and NUS. They are developing novel components to advance the performance of quantum computers, using state-of-the-art semiconductor processes. They chose Singapore because of the unique combination of our strengths – in advanced manufacturing, semiconductors and frontier quantum research. These examples show how we can build leadership in key growth areas, and shape where innovation and value creation take place. In doing so, we strengthen Singapore's strategic resilience and relevance, while creating more jobs and better opportunities for Singaporeans. Third, we will strengthen our enterprise ecosystem. Enterprise funding is a key part of this ecosystem. Over many years, we have worked steadily to strengthen this area. In venture and seed funding, we have made good progress. Compared to a decade ago, it is now much easier for startups to access early-stage capital. But many firms continue to face challenges at the growth stage. This is not unique to Singapore. Globally, growth stage capital has tightened. As a result, many firms, especially in deep tech, find it harder to raise the larger and longer-term funding that is needed to scale. We will therefore do more to catalyse growth capital in Singapore. Under the Startup SG Equity scheme, the Government provides initial capital to catalyse and crowd in private funding for promising startups. To date, the scheme has focussed mainly on early-stage funding.[+1 sentence] We will now go further. I will set aside $1 billion to enhance Startup SG Equity, and expand its scope to cover growth-stage companies.[+3 sentences] Beyond this, we will take a more systemic approach to strengthening our growth capital ecosystem. We will convene a new workgroup led by Minister Chee Hong Tat, working closely with the industry, to develop strategies to position Singapore as a leading centre for growth capital. When enterprises are ready to list, we want them to see Singapore as their listing venue of choice. We had earlier set up the Anchor Fund to attract and anchor high-quality listings, and we are now seeing encouraging signs of renewed listing activity on the Singapore Exchange (SGX). I will therefore launch a second $1.5 billion tranche of the Anchor Fund.[+5 sentences] As with the first tranche, this will be a co-investment between the Government and Temasek. We will also continue to strengthen our broader equities market. Last year, MAS launched the Equity Market Development Programme, to develop our fund management industry and increase investor participation in Singapore equities. Industry response has been encouraging. MAS has allocated close to $4 billion to nine asset managers. To build on this momentum, I will expand the programme, with a $1.5 billion top-up to the Financial Sector Development Fund. At the same time, we are implementing the other recommendations of the Equities Market Review Group. This includes streamlining listing rules and requirements to make it easier for high-growth companies to go public, and establishing a dual-listing bridge connecting the SGX and Nasdaq.[+34 sentences] These measures will enhance the depth and vibrancy of our public equities market and provide more pathways for enterprises to grow and scale from Singapore. Deep and vibrant markets are one part of the equation. We must also ensure a strong pipeline of high-quality companies that choose to build, grow and anchor themselves in Singapore. Some will be locally grown enterprises. Others will be promising enterprises from abroad. The Economic Development Board has traditionally focused its investment promotion efforts on multi-national enterprises. Going forward, it will step up efforts to attract high-growth companies with the potential to become future industry leaders. By anchoring such companies early, we can build new engines of growth and capture greater value for our economy as these enterprises grow and expand from Singapore. This comprehensive approach – from nurturing homegrown startups, to catalysing private capital and attracting promising global companies – will strengthen our enterprise ecosystem. It will enable companies of all sizes and at every stage of growth, to access the capital and partnerships they need to succeed. Importantly, this will create more opportunities for Singaporeans to secure good jobs and grow their careers. In a changed world, a decisive factor for success will be how we harness new technologies – foremost amongst them, AI. AI is advancing at remarkable speed. We are reaching a stage where systems can write their own code and improve through iterative learning. The potential is immense – to raise productivity, unlock new discoveries and transform lives in ways that we are only beginning to understand. But with this promise comes deep concerns. Workers worry that AI will displace jobs. Societies worry about misinformation, bias and the ethical use of powerful technologies. These anxieties are real and we must confront them squarely. But fear cannot be Singapore's response. If we allow uncertainty to paralyse us, we will fall behind in a world that is moving rapidly ahead. So, we must act with clarity and resolve. AI is a powerful tool, but it is still a tool. It must serve our national interests and our people. We will define how AI is developed and used in Singapore. We will set clear rules to ensure it is applied responsibly and safely. And we will ensure that its benefits are shared widely across society. Harnessed well, AI will be a strategic advantage for Singapore. It can help us overcome our structural constraints – our limited natural resources, rapidly ageing population and tight labour market. To do this, we must invest deliberately and with discipline, not by simply following what others do, but by playing to Singapore's strengths. Our advantage does not lie in building the largest frontier models. It lies in deploying AI effectively, responsibly and at speed. Singapore can be a trusted hub where companies and researchers come together to develop, test and deploy impactful AI solutions – and do so faster and more coherently than many larger countries. This is already happening. Today, more than 60 firms, including Google and Microsoft, have set up AI Centres of Excellence here.[+2 sentences] These investments have created a growing number of good jobs for Singaporeans, in AI research, engineering and deployment. But to fully realise AI's potential, we must go beyond individual pilots and isolated experiments. We must organise at a national level and move with speed and scale. We will therefore launch a new set of national AI Missions. These missions will drive AI-led transformation in key sectors of our economy and push the boundaries of what is possible, for Singapore and for the world. We will focus on four sectors: advanced manufacturing, connectivity, finance and healthcare.[+7 sentences] For example, in advanced manufacturing, we aim to accelerate innovation and build best-in-class factories that can compete globally. In connectivity and logistics, AI can help to automate airport and seaport operations, move goods more efficiently, and strengthen Singapore's position as a leading global hub. These are not abstract aspirations. Each AI Mission will be anchored in clear objectives and tangible outcomes. Delivering this will require us to work differently. We will review regulations and create sandboxes, so that companies can test AI innovations safely and responsibly. Within the Government, we will better align our R&D, regulatory and investment promotion efforts so that agencies act in concert and pull in the same direction. All this will require a coordinated national effort. We will therefore establish a new National AI Council, which I will chair, to provide strategic direction and to drive Singapore's AI agenda.[+7 sentences] For AI to truly transform our economy, companies must also adopt it comprehensively. Many firms say they are using AI. But end-to-end transformation with AI is very demanding. It requires organising data, rebuilding systems, redesigning processes and jobs, and retraining workers. Even the major global companies are grappling with this. But those that succeed will gain a decisive competitive advantage. A few leading Singapore companies like DBS and Grab are already moving decisively on AI transformation. We want to encourage more to do so. So, we will launch a new Champions of AI programme to support firms with the ambition to use AI to comprehensively transform their business.[+3 sentences] Support will be tailored to each company, and will include enterprise transformation and workforce training. As these companies succeed, they will set benchmarks for their industries and inspire others to follow. Beyond this, we will strengthen support for all enterprises, especially our SMEs, so they adopt AI and benefit from it in practical ways. We will build on the Enterprise Innovation Scheme, which provides businesses with 400% tax deductions on qualifying expenditures in activities like R&D, innovation and capability development. We will expand the scheme to include AI expenditures as a qualifying activity, for the Years of Assessment 2027 and 2028, capped at $50,000 per Year of Assessment.[+7 sentences] We will also strengthen our existing support schemes. The Productivity Solutions Grant (PSG) already helps companies to adopt digital solutions. Increasingly, these solutions will be AI-enabled. Take HarriAnns, an F&B company known for its freshly made nonya kueh. It began in the 1940s, started by Mdm Chia Nguk Eng, and later grew into a stall at Tiong Bahru Food Centre. In the 1980s, her son took over the business. Today, the third generation runs the company, and it has expanded to eight cafes across Singapore. With support from the PSG, it adopted an AI-enabled restaurant management system to automate ordering and billing, and streamline operations – serving customers faster and growing its revenues in the process. We will expand the PSG to support a wider range of digital and AI-enabled solutions, so that every firm, regardless of size, can access tools that help them work smarter and compete more effectively.[+2 sentences] To build a vibrant AI-enabled economy, it helps to have a focal point – one that brings together AI founders, practitioners, researchers and innovators, and catalyses more collaborations and interactions. We have started a pilot initiative called Lorong AI. It is a dedicated co-working space that serves as a convening hub for our AI community. We will build on this pilot and establish a larger AI park at One-North.[+17 sentences] This will be a new cluster to catalyse ideas, forge collaborations and translate AI initiatives into practical solutions for businesses and public services. Just as we support enterprises, we must do the same and more, for our workers. AI will change how we work. Some tasks will be automated. New roles will emerge. Many existing jobs will evolve. I know this creates real anxiety for workers. The pace of change can be unsettling, especially when livelihoods are at stake. But we will not allow technological change to come at the expense of our workers. We will press ahead with AI – because we must. At the same time, we will put in place strong support to help our workers adapt and progress – because we will take care of our own. The Government will stand with our workers throughout this transition. No one will have to navigate the changes alone. We will help Singaporeans acquire new skills, adapt to new roles, and use AI as a tool to be more productive and effective at work. Where jobs are impacted, we will manage the transitions carefully, and work closely with the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) and our unions to help workers move into new areas and opportunities. Our commitment is clear: every Singaporean who is willing to adapt and learn will continue to secure a good job and make a good living here in Singapore. To succeed in this new reality, we must prepare both our future workforce and those already working today. For the next generation, we will strengthen AI literacy for students across all our Institutes of Higher Learning (IHLs).[+6 sentences] Just as importantly, our IHLs will continue to emphasise strong foundations, so that students learn to use AI wisely, not as a shortcut, and are equipped with rigorous thinking and deep disciplinary skills. At the workplace, we will help workers use AI to take over routine tasks, so that they can focus their time and energy on higher-value activities – work that requires judgement, creativity and human insight, and that cannot be replaced by machines. Take accountancy as an example. Today, accountants can use AI to automate large parts of data consolidation, preparation and book-keeping. This allows them to move up the value chain, spending more time on client advisory, forensic work and complex analysis, where professional expertise and trust matter most. To support workers through this transition, we will help them build practical AI capabilities. Because AI is already reshaping many forms of white-collar and cognitive work, we will start with the accountancy and legal professions, and progressively extend them to other fields.[+7 sentences] Beyond these specific sectors, every Singaporean can take the initiative to learn and pick up AI-related skills. Today, many AI chatbots, like ChatGPT or Gemini, are widely available and easy to use. For many, they are just smarter versions of a search engine. But there is much more to AI than just doing a search. With the right guidance and prompts, these tools can do a lot more – helping users analyse information, generate ideas nd solve problems. Using AI well requires learning, practice and the right support. There is already a wide range of AI-related courses on the SkillsFuture website, from fully online options to part-time and full-time programmes. But we know it is not always easy to navigate the options and identify what is most relevant. So, we will redesign the SkillsFuture website to make AI learning pathways clearer and easier to access so that Singaporeans can quickly find courses that match their work needs and proficiency levels.[+3 sentences] Learning must go beyond theory. It must translate into hands-on applications. While most AI tools are free at the basic level, access to more advanced models requires a paid subscription. To further encourage learning, we will provide Singaporeans who take up selected AI training courses six months of free access to premium AI tools.[+20 sentences] This will allow them to practise, experiment and apply what they have learnt. Several Ministries – the Ministry of Digital Development and Information, the Ministry of Education (MOE), the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) and the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) – are involved in these cross-cutting efforts. And the Ministers will provide more details at the Committee of Supply. Sir, Singapore will not be passive in the face of rapid changes around us. We will adapt. We will compete. We will continue to move forward with confidence. By harnessing AI as a strategic advantage, we will shape our own future and secure our place in this changed world. Singaporeans, and especially our workers, are at the centre of everything we do. Ultimately, what matters is not just the policies we announce, but the outcomes they deliver in people's lives. That is why we track results carefully and assess whether our efforts are making a real difference. Earlier this week, MOF released an Occasional Paper on income growth, inequality and social mobility trends. It shows that over the past decade, we have made good progress with broad-based wage increases and smaller income gaps. These improvements did not happen by chance. Left entirely to market forces, they would not have occurred on their own. Indeed, in many advanced economies, as growth slows, inequality becomes more entrenched. Singapore faces these same underlying pressures. That is why the Government has and will continue to lean against these trends, and strive to ensure that the fruits of growth are shared widely and fairly. Every Singaporean, regardless of where they start in life, should have a fair chance to pursue their aspirations and realise their full potential. So, in this Budget, we will continue to strengthen support for lower-wage workers. The Local Qualifying Salary (LQS) sets the minimum salary that local employees must be paid in firms that hire foreign workers. We will raise the LQS for full-time local employees from $1,600 to $1,800. To help businesses defray some of the cost, we will enhance the Progressive Wage Credit Scheme (PWCS). We will raise the PWCS co-funding support for this year, from 20% to 30%. We will also extend the PWCS for two more years, to 2028. From next year, we will raise the minimum wage increase to qualify for PWCS support from $100 to $200.[+22 sentences] This will better encourage and reward the firms that invest in their workers. These measures build on the Progressive Wage Model (PWM), which we have developed together with NTUC and our tripartite partners. The PWM goes beyond a simple flat minimum wage and instead links pay increases to skills, productivity and career progression – and it is delivering results. We will also continue to strengthen training support for the PWM. Last year, I announced additional support under the Workfare Skills Support for workers who take up long-form training courses. We will go further to enhance the basic tier of the scheme and increase the hourly allowance for workers who upgrade their skills. We will also do more to support lifelong learning for all Singaporeans through SkillsFuture. When we first started SkillsFuture more than a decade ago, the training landscape looked very different. At that time, our IHLs were still largely focussed on pre-employment training. But we knew this was no longer sufficient. That was why we set up SkillsFuture Singapore in 2016 under MOE to embed lifelong learning within our education system. Today, we have achieved this objective. Working adults at all stages of their careers can access a wide range of high-quality training options across our IHLs. All our autonomous universities, polytechnics and Institutes of Technical Education (ITE) have internalised lifelong learning as part of their mission. For example, NUS and the Nanyang Technological University (NTU), our two largest universities, have made lifelong learning an integral part of how they organise their teaching and learning. They offer flexible pathways for alumni and adult learners to take modular courses, earn stackable credits and progressively build these into recognised qualifications. Singaporeans, too, are increasingly embracing lifelong learning. Last year, more than 600,000 individuals took up training with SkillsFuture support, offered by IHLs and private training providers. While SkillsFuture Singapore under MOE focused on skills training, we also had Workforce Singapore under MOM to engage employers and help jobseekers find jobs. Over the years, we have worked to strengthen coordination between these two agencies. But in an era of faster technological change and more frequent job transitions, stronger alignment is needed, and our systems must work more seamlessly together. Hence, the ESR committee recommended that the Government review how we organise jobs and skills support for Singaporeans. We have carefully considered this recommendation and will take a decisive step forward. We will merge SkillsFuture Singapore and Workforce Singapore into a new statutory board jointly overseen by MOE and MOM. This new agency will be a one-stop shop for skills training, career guidance and job matching services.[+16 sentences] For workers and jobseekers, that means support will be more seamless – from career planning, to skills acquisitions, and job matching and transitions. For employers, the support will be more integrated – covering workforce planning, job redesign, hiring and workforce development. The Minister for Education and the Minister for Manpower will share more at the Committee of Supply. This goes beyond making an organisational change. It is about continually strengthening our system of lifelong learning and career support, so Singaporeans can continue to adapt, grow and realise their full potential. In a world where change is constant, we must remain a society that never stops learning and never stops striving to do better. We are also strengthening support for specific segments of our workforce. In 2024, we launched the SkillsFuture Level-Up Programme to help mid-career workers undergo a skills reboot. The take-up has been encouraging: over 60,000 Singaporeans aged 40 and above have already benefitted from substantial training courses. Mr Jeffrey Loh is one of the many adult learners who has benefited from the programme. After 18 years as an air steward, he was keen to reskill and pursue new opportunities aligned with his interests. So, he enrolled in a Digital Product Management course at the Singapore Institute of Technology. Most of his course fees were offset by SkillsFuture subsidies and credits. He also received the Mid-Career Training Allowance during the three-month course, which helped support his daily expenses while he trained. Now, Jeffrey is doing well in a new role as a Duty Terminal Manager with Changi Airport Group. We will continue to enhance the Level-Up programme. From next month, the Mid-Career Training Allowance will be extended to those who take up not just full-time, but also part-time training.[+7 sentences] We will also expand coverage to include more industry relevant courses. Another important group is our senior workers. We will support our seniors so they can continue to contribute meaningfully. This includes helping them plan ahead for their later-stage careers and supporting them in refreshing their skills. We will also equip employers to design age-friendly jobs and multi-generational workplaces. MOM has convened a Tripartite Workgroup on Senior Employment to study these issues comprehensively. Their recommendations will be released later this year. In the meantime, we will extend the Senior Employment Credit to end-2027, to support employers who continue to employ senior workers.[+4 sentences] As we create better jobs and upskill Singaporeans, we must also remain open to global skills and talent. Foreign professionals and workers strengthen our teams, transfer knowledge and enable companies to grow. This in turn creates more and better opportunities for Singaporeans. At the same time, we will continue to ensure that our foreign workforce complements a strong Singaporean core. In line with this approach, we will refine and update our foreign worker policies to reflect evolving conditions. We will raise the Employment Pass (EP) minimum qualifying salary for new applicants from $5,600 to $6,000 from January 2027.[+1 sentence] This maintains the quality of the EP holders, as local wages rise. For the financial services sector, which has higher salary norms, we will raise the minimum qualifying salary from $6,200 to $6,600.[+3 sentences] The qualifying salaries for older EP applicants will be raised in tandem. For renewal applications, the changes will apply a year later in 2028, to give businesses more time to adjust. Likewise, we will raise the qualifying salaries for S Pass holders. From January 2027, the minimum qualifying salary for new S Pass applicants will be raised from $3,300 to $3,600.[+22 sentences] For the financial services sector, this will be raised from $3,800 to $4,000. Qualifying salaries for older S Pass applicants will be raised in tandem, with renewal applications affected one year later, from 2028. We will also adjust Work Permit levies. For the Marine and Process sectors, levies for basic skilled workers will be raised by $100 and $150, respectively. For the Manufacturing and Services sectors, we will simplify the current tiered levy structure. The details are in the Annex to the Budget. To give businesses time to adjust, these changes will take effect from 2028. The Minister for Manpower will share more at the Committee of Supply. The wide range of workforce measures I have outlined reflects Singapore's overall approach: to stay open to skills and expertise that strengthen our economy, while ensuring that Singaporeans remain firmly at the centre of our workforce and our policies. We will help Singaporeans adapt to change with confidence, move across career transitions with assurance, and build meaningful and fulfilling careers. Sir, families are the bedrock of society and the first line of support for every individual. Through Forward Singapore, we have made significant moves in recent years to support Singaporeans and their families – from parents, to seniors, caregivers and persons with disabilities. We have also ramped up the supply of HDB flats to ensure that public housing remains accessible and affordable for couples and families. In this Budget, we will make further moves to give families more support and greater assurance. Many young couples hope to become parents. We want to create the right conditions, so they feel confident and ready to start a family. The decision to get married and have children is deeply personal. But for those who wish to take the step, the Government will do more to support them along the way. One of the biggest concerns for young couples is the cost of raising a family. Over successive Budgets, we have strengthened support to help parents manage these expenses. For example, we introduced the Large Families Scheme to support families who have, or aspire to have, three or more children. For every third or subsequent child, the scheme will provide up to $16,000 in additional benefits. At last year's Budget, we announced $500 in Child LifeSG Credits for each Singaporean child aged 12 and below, to help their parents defray their day-to-day household expenses. This year, we will provide another $500 in Child LifeSG Credits to families for each Singaporean child aged 12 and below.[+8 sentences] We will continue to keep preschool and student care affordable, to support the critical early years of a child's development. Over the years, we have reduced preschool fee caps and increased subsidies. Today, childcare fees for dual-income families are comparable to primary school and after-school student care fees. Lower- and middle-income families also receive means-tested subsidies, which further reduce out-of-pocket expenses. We will enhance these further. From the start of next year, we will extend means-tested preschool subsidies to more families, by raising the monthly household income threshold to $15,000. This will benefit more than 60,000 families. Eligible parents, including those who previously qualified, can also receive more in infant care and childcare subsidies. We will also strengthen support for student care. We will raise the monthly household income threshold for Student Care Fee Assistance to $6,500, so that more families can qualify.[+15 sentences] Beyond these enhancements, we are undertaking a holistic review of the student care sector to study how to better meet the caregiving needs of families with primary school-aged children. We will continue to help lower-income families, especially those with young children, move towards greater stability, self-reliance and social mobility. We take a family-centric approach to support such families. Under ComLink+, each family is paired with a dedicated family coach, who works with them to develop personalised action plans and to coordinate support. To recognise and reinforce the families' own efforts, we introduced Progress Packages. These are more than financial assistance; they are a form of social contract where family coaches work with the families to set clear goals, like securing a stable job, saving towards a home, or ensuring their children enrol in and attend preschool regularly. When these milestones are achieved, the families receive additional payouts. Take Mdm Hurul and Mr Hafiz for example. They had taken important steps on their own to stabilise their finances. What they needed was sustained guidance and support to keep moving forward. With support from their family coach, and through their own hard work, they have made good progress over the past year. Through the Progress Packages, their financial circumstances have improved, and they are now closer to securing their own 4-room HDB flat. ComLink+ is built around close and sustained support for families. It relies on dedicated family coaches, case workers from Family Service Centres and volunteer befrienders who work directly with families to help them make steady progress. Over time, we have strengthened our capabilities on the ground and we are now ready to enhance the ComLink+ Progress Packages. First, we will provide a new payout of $500 per quarter for all ComLink+ families who make a commitment to work with family coaches and take active steps to make progress.[+3 sentences] Second, we will enhance the additional payouts that families receive when they make concrete progress in their goals of maintaining stable employment and good preschool attendance for their children. Third, we will provide more of these payouts in cash, while continuing to set aside monies in their CPF accounts. This will help families meet immediate needs, while also building their longer-term financial security. With these enhancements, a family with two children under ComLink+ can receive around $10,000 per year in cash and Central Provident Fund (CPF) top-ups, while their children are in preschool.[+10 sentences] And we hope this will provide them with the necessary support to stabilise their finances and secure a better life for themselves and their children. The Minister for Social and Family Development will provide more details at the Committee of Supply. We will also do more for persons with disabilities, as well as their families and caregivers. Minister of State Goh Pei Ming is leading a task force to review how we can provide more meaningful support at different life stages for persons with disabilities and their families. This includes expanding capacity in community-based facilities, keeping services affordable, and supporting graduates of special education schools to secure meaningful employment and live well in the community. We look forward to the recommendations of the task force. Strengthening support for persons with disabilities is a key priority for the Government and a shared responsibility for all of us. So, the Government stands ready to set aside additional resources to advance these efforts. As our population ages, we will also provide more support for our seniors so they can age with dignity, security and peace of mind. We recently enhanced CareShield Life to provide higher payouts, giving seniors greater assurance against long-term care costs. We also increased CareShield Life premium subsidies to help cushion the impact of the higher premiums. I will top up the Long-Term Care Support Fund by $400 million to fund the additional subsidies.[+5 sentences] With longer lifespans, retirement adequacy is another major concern for many Singaporeans. Our aim is clear: Singaporeans who work and contribute to CPF consistently should be able to meet their basic retirement needs with confidence. Over the years, we have enhanced the CPF system to achieve this. We introduced Silver Support to uplift seniors with less means and the Majulah Package to give additional assurance to our "Young Seniors" as they approach retirement. In this Budget, we will take further steps to strengthen retirement support. First, we will provide a CPF top-up of up to $1,500 for Singaporeans aged 50 and above, and with CPF retirement savings below the Basic Retirement Sum.[+1 sentence] Those with lower balances will receive larger top-ups, so that support is targeted at where it is most needed. Second, we will proceed with the next step of planned CPF contribution rate increases for senior workers in 2027.[+15 sentences] This will help older workers build up their retirement savings in their later working years. The Government will also continue to provide the CPF Transition Offset to employers, covering half of the increase in employer contributions for 2027. Third, we will offer more investment options for CPF members who wish to grow their savings further. Today, the CPF system provides stable, risk-free interest rates to help Singaporeans build up their retirement nest egg. With the extra interest that CPF offers, CPF members can earn up to 6% per annum, risk-free, on their CPF balances. Some CPF members, especially those with a longer runway to retirement, are prepared to take more risk to generate potentially higher returns. But experience shows that most people do not do well picking and trading individual stocks. It is very hard to beat the market consistently. For retail investors, a more sensible approach is broad and diversified exposure through low-cost funds. But even then, risks remain. Because some may invest when markets are high, and retire during a downturn, precisely when they need their savings. That is why the CPF Advisory Panel earlier recommended introducing a Lifetime Retirement Investment Scheme. This is essentially a life-cycle investment approach, with a predefined glide path to retirement. In other words, members take on more risk, with greater exposure to equities, when they are younger; and their investments are automatically rebalanced towards safer assets as they approach retirement. We studied this recommendation carefully. Currently, such life-cycle investment products are available in the market, but they have traditionally come with high fees. So, rather than leave this entirely to the market, the Government will help shape and develop such products under a new scheme for CPF members.[+1 sentence] Later this year, CPF Board will engage the industry and invite expressions of interest from potential providers. A key requirement will be that the fees are kept low. We will select two to three credible providers to keep choices simple for members.[+1 sentence] The Government will also be prepared, in-principle, to provide some time-limited support to kick-start the scheme. Participation in the new investment scheme will be voluntary.[+7 sentences] CPF members can choose whether to opt in. At the same time, we will strengthen efforts to help members understand whether this option is suitable for them – in particular, for members who are younger and have a long runway to retirement, and who can better ride out short-term market fluctuations. I have set out the broad framework today. But there are still many details to work out, and MOM and CPF Board will share more when ready. The Government will continue to do whatever is necessary to help Singaporeans manage cost pressures for as long as it is needed. Although inflation has eased in recent years, we know that many Singaporeans still face anxieties and pressures. So, we will continue to provide additional support this year. First, I will provide a Cost-of-Living Special Payment, comprising $200 to $400 in cash, to Singaporean adults earning up to $100,000 in Assessable Income and who do not own more than one property.[+1 sentence] Second, there will be additional U-Save rebates to help households with their utilities expenses. Eligible HDB households will receive 1.5 times the regular amount of U-Save rebates, or up to $570 this financial year. Third, I will provide another $500 in Community Development Council (CDC) Vouchers for all Singaporean households in January 2027.[+25 sentences] Similar to previous rounds of CDC Vouchers, half can be used at participating supermarkets, while the other half can be used at participating heartland merchants and hawkers. Mr Speaker, we will continue to review and enhance our social support system – across education, housing, healthcare and retirement, and for different groups, be it families, parents, seniors, persons with disabilities or caregivers. We will keep working at this, steadily and responsibly, so that Singapore remains an inclusive and united society and a place that we are all proud to call home. Next, let me touch on security challenges as well as our longer-term sustainability concerns. The world has never been free of conflict. But in recent years, it has become more dangerous. In 2024 alone, there were 61 state-based armed conflicts worldwide, the highest number recorded since the Second World War. The conflicts are not confined to distant regions. Closer to home, we witnessed one of the most serious armed clashes involving Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states in years. A long-standing border dispute between Cambodia and Thailand escalated into an open military confrontation – drones, rocket launchers and even fighter jets were deployed. Civilians were wounded, displaced and lives were lost. These developments are deeply troubling. They reflect a shrinking space for negotiation, a greater willingness to use force, and a higher risk of miscalculation, with consequences that can easily spill across borders. History has taught us a hard lesson: no one will come to our rescue if Singapore faces a crisis. We alone are responsible for our defence and survival. This is why we must stay vigilant and be prepared for a wider range of security challenges. Since Independence, we have invested steadily to safeguard Singapore's peace and stability. That has allowed us to adopt new technologies, and build credible and strong capabilities in both the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and the Home Team. The recent conflicts we see around us have also underscored how the nature of warfare is changing. Unmanned aerial systems are now a common feature of modern conflict. They are used not only for surveillance, but also for precision strikes, electronic warfare and coordinated operations. Drones are cheaper, more accessible and increasingly sophisticated, allowing even smaller actors to project force in new ways. We will study these developments carefully. We will invest decisively in capabilities that are essential to Singapore's defence. And that includes strengthening our ability to deploy, counter and operate alongside unmanned systems across all domains. Beyond the physical battlefield, the digital domain has emerged as an increasingly contested arena. We are seeing a sharp rise in attacks by both state-sponsored and non-state actors in cyberspace.[+14 sentences] They range from scams targeting individuals, to highly sophisticated attacks on critical information systems. Singapore is an attractive target. We have faced attacks from malicious cyber actors, including hostile information campaigns and deliberate attempts to undermine our national security. Over the years, we have strengthened our defences. We established the Cyber Security Agency; built expertise within the Home Team Science and Technology Agency; and stood up the Digital and Intelligence Service in the SAF. These efforts have enabled us to detect, disrupt and fend off many attacks. But the threat landscape continues to evolve, with attacks becoming more frequent, more coordinated and more sophisticated. We will therefore continue to strengthen our cybersecurity posture by deepening capabilities, improving coordination across agencies and better safeguarding our most critical systems. It is also no longer sufficient to defend government systems alone. Many private sector companies play a critical role in delivering essential services and their systems are likewise vulnerable. The attackers often exploit smaller or less-protected companies as weak links to gain access to larger systems, and cause widespread disruption. Yet many companies lack the resources or expertise to deal with these advanced cyber threats. So, we will therefore deepen partnerships with industry, especially owners of critical information systems to improve our preparedness and strengthen our collective cyber defence. All this underscores the importance of sustained investments in our security. For now, we expect to keep defence spending at about 3% of GDP. But we are prepared to spend more if the need arises.[+16 sentences] Importantly, our security effort goes beyond the Ministry of Defence alone. It also includes investments in the security of our critical infrastructure and in the Home Team. Taken together, we expect overall security-related expenditures to rise in the coming years to keep Singapore safe and secure in a far more complex threat environment. Beyond immediate security threats, we must also confront a longer-term challenge to Singapore and that is the growing impact of climate change. We are already feeling its effects: higher temperatures, heavier rainfall, and more frequent extreme weather events. Unfortunately, global momentum on climate action has slowed. At the 30th Conference of the Parties in Brazil last November, countries were unable to agree on concrete decarbonisation roadmaps. At around the same time, the International Maritime Organization delayed adoption of its Net Zero framework, as member states could not reach consensus. Some governments are scaling back their climate ambitions. But for Singapore, retreating from action is not an option. We will continue to do our part, not only to address climate risks, but also to secure our longer-term resilience and competitiveness. A key pillar of our climate strategy is the carbon tax. It sends a clear price signal to encourage emissions reduction. This is already having an impact. Firms are investing more in low-carbon solutions, and improving energy efficiency. We had earlier announced our carbon tax trajectory for this decade. The tax has just been raised to $45 per tonne for this year and next, and the plan is to reach $50 to $80 per tonne by 2030.[+7 sentences] For HDB households, the additional U-Save rebates that I highlighted earlier will help to cushion the impact of the carbon tax. For businesses, we will extend the Energy Efficiency Grant and support for green loans under the Enterprise Financing Scheme. These will help firms invest in energy-efficient and sustainable solutions. While Singapore will continue to contribute responsibly to climate action, we recognise that our actions alone cannot determine global outcomes. We will therefore calibrate our moves cautiously, doing our part to reduce emissions as a responsible global citizen, while taking into account what other countries are doing, in order not to put ourselves at a competitive disadvantage. So, beyond 2027, we are assessing Singapore's carbon tax trajectory carefully, in light of international developments. Singapore already has the highest carbon tax rate in the whole of Asia. If global climate momentum continues to weaken, we may need to position ourselves towards the lower end of the $50 to $80 per tonne range by 2030.[+5 sentences] Looking further ahead, our path to net zero will depend heavily on technological breakthroughs and sustained international cooperation. Without these, it will be increasingly difficult for a small, resource-constrained country like Singapore to move further on our own. The progress of our transition to net zero may therefore be uneven. But our efforts will be credible, forward-looking and aligned with global realities. Even amidst these uncertainties, we continue to make concrete progress. For example, on clean energy, our sustained push to expand solar deployment is delivering results. We have reached our 2030 solar deployment target of two gigawatt-peak ahead of schedule.[+5 sentences] We will therefore raise the target to three gigawatt-peak by 2030. Beyond that, we will continue to maximise solar deployment across all viable surfaces and progressively set more ambitious targets further into the future. We are also advancing plans to import low-carbon electricity from the region. They are at various stages of development. While not all will materialise, those that do will help to reduce our carbon footprint and strengthen our energy resilience. Importantly, we are actively pursuing possibilities to further diversify our energy mix, be it through hydrogen, geothermal energy, or civilian nuclear power. We are building up capabilities in nuclear energy to be able to assess its safety and viability for Singapore. We have initiated cooperation with the US and France, and are discussing similar arrangements with other partners like South Korea.[+3 sentences] In transport, we remain committed to achieving 100% cleaner vehicles by 2040. Incentives are in place to encourage early adoption of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure is being expanded nation-wide. We are also greening our aviation and maritime sectors. In aviation, we are supporting demand for sustainable aviation fuel, with a target of 1% sustainable fuel use for flights departing Singapore this year.[+34 sentences] In shipping, we are partnering industry to develop a low-carbon ammonia bunkering solution on Jurong Island. If successful, Singapore will be among the first countries in the world to supply ammonia commercially as a fuel for international shipping. Sir, the years ahead will be beset by uncertainties, from geopolitical tensions to cyber threats and climate risks. We will face these challenges squarely and overcome them one by one. That is how we will move forward, steadily and decisively, to build a safer and more sustainable home for generations to come. Singapore's greatest strength lies not just in our policies and plans, but in the spirit of our people. Time and again, we have defied the odds – not by chance, but by standing together as one people, especially in our most testing moments, whether it be Separation or financial crises or the current geopolitical uncertainties. Around the world, we see growing polarisation and a tendency for groups to turn on each other. Many societies are becoming more divided and more ungovernable. We cannot let this happen in Singapore. So, in this Budget, we will continue to invest in renewing and strengthening the bonds that bind us. Our shared bonds are strong today. But they were not formed overnight, nor by chance. They were built patiently and deliberately, generation after generation. Our arts and heritage play a vital role in this journey. They help us understand where we came from, express who we are today, and imagine who we can become as a people. Multiculturalism is a defining part of our identity. We cherish and embrace our distinct cultural traditions and heritage, even as we continue to build common ground and a shared identity that unites us as Singaporeans. Our cultural and heritage institutions embody this approach – celebrating the richness of each community, while expressing our distinctive Singaporean identity. We will continue to strengthen these institutions. We will open the revamped Malay Heritage Centre later this year. We will work with the Singapore Chinese Cultural Centre to expand its reach and engagement. The Indian Heritage Centre just marked its 10th anniversary, and we will provide further support to enhance its outreach and programming. Sport is another powerful force that brings Singaporeans together. Through sport, we learn resilience, teamwork and the determination to press on even when the odds are stacked against us. We will continue to roll out the Sports Facilities Master Plan, so that Singaporeans can more easily access affordable and quality sports facilities. In the coming years, we will open the new Punggol Regional Sport Centre, the Toa Payoh Integrated Development, sport facilities in Farrer Park and Tengah, as well as revamped sport centres in Hougang and Queenstown. We will also expand the Dual-Use Scheme, so that Singaporeans can conveniently access sports facilities in schools. We will complement these facilities with more sports programming, bringing Singaporeans of all ages and abilities together through shared participation. On the foundation of our shared bonds, we must continue to nurture a strong sense of solidarity. We see this in giving, volunteering and everyday acts of kindness. These actions break down barriers, draw us closer, and remind us that we are all in this together. They form the foundation of a "we first" society. The Government will do our part to encourage and support this. Today, we provide 250% tax deductions for qualifying donations to Institutions of a Public Character (IPCs) and eligible institutions. We will extend this scheme for another three years until end-2029.[+16 sentences] Beyond financial contributions, many Singaporeans give something equally valuable – their time and skills through volunteering. This spirit of giving can be strengthened when companies make it easier for their employees to serve the community. That is why the Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth (MCCY) and the National Council of Social Service have been working closely with professional groups and industry bodies to encourage businesses to integrate giving, volunteering and socially responsible practices into their operations. To support these efforts, the Government earlier introduced the Corporate Volunteer Scheme, which provides 250% tax deductions when employees volunteer or are seconded to IPCs. We will extend this Corporate Volunteer Scheme for another three years until end-2029. Singaporeans also contribute by starting ground-up initiatives to meet community needs. The Government supports such efforts through the "Our Singapore Fund". Since its introduction in 2016, the fund has supported over 800 ground-up projects, from community-building and sports, to municipal and digital readiness initiatives. One example is "Little Hands, Big Hearts SG". It is an initiative by Kaizen and Kay, aged 7 and 9, together with their parents, to involve others in monthly community service projects. Their first project focussed on fire safety awareness. They designed a poster and worked with the Nee Soon Town Council to display it at Housing and Development Board (HDB) lift lobbies. They also brought other children and their families to visit Yishun Fire Station, where they presented care packs and handmade gifts to the officers on duty. They have more projects in the pipeline: from a beach clean-up and support for seniors, to donating school supplies to children and writing appreciation cards to our migrant workers. It is a wonderful example that shows anyone, no matter how young, can step up to make a difference. Last year alone, the Our Singapore Fund received more than 250 applications. At the same time, we have heard feedback on how the fund can be improved, including the need for larger grant amounts, longer funding horizons and broader eligibility. So, we will launch a new $50 million SG Partnerships Fund.[+1 sentence] This is to catalyse ground-up initiatives and help them build sustained capabilities and impact. The new fund will provide differentiated tiers of funding over different time frames, including grants of up to $1 million for larger, multi-year projects.[+20 sentences] We will also continue to partner our youths and open up more avenues for them to shape Singapore's future. Youth Panels have enabled young Singaporeans to work with the Government on issues that matter to them. In the first round, 120 youths contributed across four Panels. We will launch the next round of Youth Panels later this year, enabling more young people to step forward and make a difference. The Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth will share more details on these initiatives at the Committee of Supply. Sir, our forefathers understood that Singapore's success would ultimately depend on unity, not just shared prosperity but also shared responsibility. This conviction is captured in our Pledge, which begins with "we", and affirms that we are "one united people". That sense of togetherness has carried us through uncertainty and brought us this far. If we continue to invest in one another – strengthening our bonds, looking out for those around us and putting the common good first, we can face the future with confidence and build a Singapore that endures and thrives. Now, let me touch on our fiscal position. Our prudent fiscal approach remains one of Singapore's core strengths. We manage our public finances with discipline and care, ensuring that revenues are sufficient to meet expenditures, and that every dollar is used responsibly, for the benefit of both present and future generations. The changes we made in the last term of Government have put Singapore on a healthy and sound fiscal footing. We have a tax and transfer system that is fair, progressive and anchored on shared responsibility. That gives us the capability and confidence to move forward. This year, I will adjust vehicle taxes. Currently, car buyers are taxed through the Additional Registration Fee. To encourage timely renewal of the vehicle population so that it is safer and less pollutive, we provide a Preferential Additional Registration Fee (PARF) rebate for cars deregistered by their 10th year. This is sized as a percentage of the Additional Registration Fee paid. Electric vehicles (EVs) are less pollutive than conventional petrol cars. As EVs become more common, the need to encourage early deregistration through the PARF rebate is reduced. Therefore, I will reduce the PARF rebate by 45 percentage points. I will also lower the PARF rebate cap from $60,000 to $30,000.[+1 sentence] This will apply to all cars registered with Certificates of Entitlement obtained from the next bidding exercise. Next, to discourage the consumption of tobacco products, I will implement a 20% increase in tobacco excise duty across all tobacco products with effect from today.[+8 sentences] The details of these tax changes are in the Annex. Sir, let me summarise our fiscal position. For Financial Year (FY) 2025, we expect higher revenues. This is partly due to the better-than-expected economic performance, which I shared earlier. Another key driver is the increase in our Corporate Income Tax collections. In FY2024, Corporate Income Tax contributed 4% of GDP – significantly higher than in past years. I talked about this in our last Budget. Based on the latest estimates, we expect Corporate Income Tax collections to increase further in FY2025. We also saw higher asset-related revenue collections such as Vehicle Quota Premiums and Stamp Duty, driven by strong demand for private vehicles and properties. Therefore, I expect to end FY2025 with a surplus of $15.1 billion, or 1.9% of GDP.[+12 sentences] For FY2026, I expect a smaller surplus of $8.5 billion, or 1% of GDP. Our approach remains to keep the budget balanced over time, and across the ups and downs of the economic cycle. Looking beyond this Budget, our public finances remain sound and resilient. On the revenue side, we will proceed with the implementation of the Top-up Tax under Pillar Two of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS). This will raise the effective tax rate for large multinational enterprises operating in Singapore to 15%. So, we expect higher corporate tax collections from FY2027 onwards. At the same time, our spending needs will grow across multiple fronts. First, on external relations and security. We will need to invest more in expanding our overseas partnerships, and in building up deeper capabilities to keep Singapore safe and prepared for emerging threats. Second, on the economic front. Even with the BEPS initiative, many other countries are rolling out generous incentives to re-shore and on-shore major investments. That is the reality of today's competitive landscape. To remain attractive and stay in the game, we must update and strengthen our investment promotion toolkit. That is one reason why MTI's expenditure has risen sharply in this Budget and why it is likely to remain elevated in the years ahead.[+3 sentences] Third, on social needs. We had anticipated higher spending for healthcare and provided for it through the GST rate increase. But healthcare is not the only social need we must address. We also need to strengthen assurance for families, enhance social mobility and boost retirement adequacy so that Singaporeans can face each stage of life with confidence and peace of mind.[+1 sentence] Finally, we must prepare for longer-term challenges. We have set aside resources through specific funds for major future needs, including critical infrastructure investments for our energy transition and coastal protection. In this Budget, we will make further top-ups to the relevant funds to support the development of Changi Airport, as well as our longer-term economic strategies.[+1 sentence] We therefore expect both revenues and expenditures to continue rising. The Government will manage this increase carefully, ensuring that spending remains supported by revenues and consistent with our objective of maintaining a balanced Budget over the medium term.[+2 sentences] Sir, our sound public finances give us the ability to act decisively and to invest where it matters most. This puts Singapore in a very different position from many other countries, where governments are constrained by debt and deficit pressures, and forced into difficult trade-offs over what to cut. In contrast, we begin this term of Government in Singapore on a firm fiscal footing.[+33 sentences] We are therefore able to invest meaningfully and responsibly in policies and programmes that benefit all Singaporeans – now and in the years ahead. Mr Speaker, Singapore has come a long way from its humble and tumultuous beginnings. I recently visited an exhibition at the National Gallery organised by the Founders' Memorial. It takes us back to Singapore in the 1950s to the 1970s, and traces how our pioneers forged a shared identity amid diversity and uncertainty. One display revisits the Aneka Ragam Rakyat, or the People's Cultural Concerts, organised by the then Ministry of Culture shortly after we attained self-government. At one of these concerts, Mr Lee Kuan Yew addressed the crowd and described Singaporeans as "not mere spectators", but "active participants" in building a nation that belonged to all. Indeed, Singapore has come so far only because generations of Singaporeans stepped forward. They took responsibility, contributed what they could and did their part to shape our collective future. That same spirit is alive today, especially amongst our youths. Take for example Ayuni Nur Izyanti Md Zuraimi. Ayuni discovered her passion for volunteering at 15. Together with four friends, she started a non-profit called You(th) Can Do It . It connects youths with volunteer opportunities across different organisations via Telegram. Now 19 and studying Medical Biotechnology at Temasek Polytechnic, she continues to volunteer regularly with her friends, tutoring primary school students from disadvantaged families, and cleaning the homes of senior citizens. There is also Shantini D/O Subramaniam. From a young age, Shantini helped care for her brother who has cerebral palsy and relies on a motorised wheelchair. That experience instilled in her a deep commitment to serve others. At just 11, she began volunteering at the Sree Narayana Mission Nursing Home. Today, at 23 and studying nursing at NUS, she leads the operations for Project Caring Hearts, a volunteer initiative that supports palliative patients through befriending programmes and community outreach. Then there is Josef Tan Kai Heng. He first became active in community service while studying Electrical Engineering at ITE College West, volunteering with the Heartware Network. Two years ago, he joined a non-profit group as a volunteer to teach migrant workers digital skills. Now 19 and a Computer Engineering student at Singapore Polytechnic, he remains deeply committed to this cause, driven by his belief that migrant workers, who have contributed so much to Singapore's development, also deserve opportunities to upskill and progress. These stories differ in form, but they are united in spirit. They remind us that nation-building has never been the work of a few, or of one generation alone. It is the cumulative effort of ordinary Singaporeans who choose, in their own ways, to step forward and make a difference. Today, this sense of shared responsibility matters more than ever. We cannot afford to be mere spectators. We must be active participants, looking out for one another, strengthening our social bonds, and contributing to a Singapore that belongs to all of us. This is the conviction that underpins Budget 2026. It is a Budget to support Singaporeans today, prepare our society for tomorrow and enable us to navigate this changed world with confidence. Together we will secure a stronger, fairer and brighter future for all. Mr Speaker, I beg to move.
Mr Speaker47 words
[chair housekeeping]The Question is, "That Parliament approves the financial policy of the Government for the Financial Year 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027." In accordance with paragraph (1) of Standing Order No 89, the debate now stands adjourned.[+1 sentence] Debate to be resumed on what day, Prime Minister?
Mr Lawrence Wong5 words
[+1 sentence]Tuesday, 24 February 2026, Sir.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+2 sentences]So be it. Leader.
An Industrial Policy in Finance›Matter Raised On Adjournment Motion5 turns · 4,263w
· 26 highlighted
matter-adj-2846
The Leader of the House (Ms Indranee Rajah)15 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, I move, "That Parliament do now adjourn."
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Kenneth Tiong.
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat (Aljunied)2736 words
[+29 sentences]That is quite an act to follow but I will try. Speaker, an industrial policy in finance may seem a contradiction in terms, but it is not. The most consequential 20th century financial industrial policy was built by the British on the then undisputed reserve asset – the United States (US) dollar. Once, in 1933, the US imposed Regulation Q, capping interest rates that American banks could pay. By the late 1960s, the ceiling was 4%, while three-month Treasury Bills approached 7%. Dollars held offshore, especially in London, escaped this cap. This offshore dollar market became known as the Euro dollar market. The British did four things. First, deliberate forbearance. Choosing not to regulate offshore dollar deposits. Second, active defence. When G-10 central banks proposed international regulation in the 1970s, the Bank of England blocked it. Third, direct participation. Central banks provided official deposits of 20% of net market and currency swaps with domestic banks. Fourth, after the 1974 banking crises, the G-10 Basel communiqué constructed an implicit lender-of-last-resort guarantee. The result: London became the global centre for dollar financing. By the mid-1980s, there were more Euro dollars than dollars. The Euro dollar market increased the appeal of dollar holdings, deepening the liquidity for American borrowing. This privileged position, London held for many decades. What is instructive is that the British reinvented London's proposition amidst the decline of sterling. Nostalgia is not a strategy. They re-positioned for their emerging present. Today, we have another emerging present. Then, interest rate caps created a push factor for the world's reserve asset to move offshore. Today's push factor is not yield. It is custody risk – the question of whether your reserves are still yours when the politics turn; and the emerging reserve asset seeking an offshore home is not dollars. It is gold. Two forces are driving this shift. First, access to funds has become conditional on political alignment. In 2022, Western nations froze over $300 billion in Russian sovereign assets.[+5 sentences] We rightly condemn the invasion of Ukraine, but the knock-on effect on Western financial centrality is real. Trust in those systems has diminished. Second, market participants are pricing in US asset risk in a way they did not before the 2020s. Some call it a "Sell America" dynamic. Central banks are responding with their feet. Gold purchases have exceeded 1,000 tonnes annually for three consecutive years, more than double the 2010 to 2021 average. The World Gold Council's 2025 survey shows 73% of central banks expect fewer US dollar holdings over five years; 95% expect to increase gold over 2025 to 2026.[+17 sentences] What makes this structural is the price insensitivity. There are few good alternatives for a reserve asset. Central banks bought at $2,000 an ounce, at $3,000 an ounce, at $4,000 an ounce. And gold crossed $5,000 in January. These are sovereigns seeking safety over returns. But if gold is becoming a reserve asset, it will need to be financialised. Later, I will describe what that means in five pillars. First, let us assess some major gold hubs of today. London, New York and Dubai. London is the central gold pricing venue and is one of the world's major custodians for the world's central banks, via the Bank of England vaults. It offers unmatched liquidity for gold, especially for the 400 oz "large bars" used by central banks. It is the home of the London Bullion Market Association (LBMA), which controls the global "good delivery" standard. This certificate is important for liquidity amongst major financial centres. In February 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the G7 immobilised $300 billion in Russian central bank reserves within weeks. The LBMA suspended all six Russian refiners from the Good Delivery list. The message: custody and market access are conditional on political alignment. Central banks have responded. In 2024, India repatriated 100 tonnes of gold from the Bank of England to domestic vaults – its largest movement since 1991.[+23 sentences] Germany, Hungary, Turkey and the Netherlands have done the same over the past decade. The repatriation trend is accelerating. The case of New York is a puzzle. In the lead-up to Liberation Day in April 2025, as tariff fears spiked, the exchange-for-physical (EFP) basis, which is the spread between New York COMEX futures and London over-the-counter (OTC) gold, blew out to $60 per ounce – the widest since the 2020 COVID-19 panic. This led to COMEX vaults in New York hitting a record 43 million ounces. For a moment, most of the world's financialised gold was in New York, rather than its typical home in London. New York had custody over both today's reserve asset and tomorrow's, simultaneously. Consider the counterfactual. A US Federal Reserve (the Fed) gold repo window, accepting COMEX gold warrants as collateral. Strong financing terms could have made New York the permanent home for monetary gold, since much of it was already in COMEX vaults. Now, it is true that the Fed conventionally runs repo backstops on Treasuries, agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS). But that is already an expanded listing over pure Treasuries, pre-2008. So, why not COMEX gold warrants? They had the moment – and did not act. So, there is no appetite, not yet, to backstop gold in New York. Deep markets, but no lender of last resort. Asset holders must also weigh the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) tail risk. The executive powers used to impose tariffs in February 2025 could be turned on foreign-held assets. Today, only the US can offer a sovereign repo on gold as they have the reserve currency. So, if they do not backstop gold, financialisation will likely not proceed on single sovereign rails. Dubai is closest to what we could build. Aggressive infrastructure: vaults, multiple refineries, direct African sourcing and the natural catchment of India. It is estimated that Dubai handles upwards of 15% of global physical gold trade. In 2023, the United Arab Emirates overtook the United Kingdom to become the world's second-largest gold trading hub.[+9 sentences] Dubai offers proximity to supply and demand, but also to Gulf conflict dynamics. Singapore offers a trusted node to multiple parties. Dubai has captured volume partly through more permissive sourcing standards. That is not our game – our competitive advantage is rigor and any visible compliance failure on money-laundering would destroy the credibility we hope to sell. But this is not zero-sum competition. The shift to gold is large enough for multiple hubs. And the market interest already exists. Deputy Prime Minister Gan said in response to my January Parliamentary Question about critical minerals financing, that the Government will act "when there is sufficient market interest." Well, the interest is here. In the second quarter of 2025, gold investment in Singapore surged 37% year-on-year. SPDR Gold Shares recorded S$309 million in net inflows in the first half of 2025 – the highest of any Singapore-listed Exchange Traded Fund (ETF).[+13 sentences] The Singapore Mint launched its Lion Bullion line in September, explicitly citing strong investor demand. Private vaults are expanding: The Reserve opened last year with capacity for 15,500 tonnes. The market is here. And so is the chance. In that same Parliamentary Question I posed to the Ministry of Trade and Industry in January, I asked why our framework for metal warrant financing is under-utilised. The response from the Ministry framed it in terms of the base metals, by referring to the London Metal Exchange (LME) ecosystem, which handles the six primary base metals – copper, zinc, aluminum, nickel, lead, tin. But not gold. I had in mind gold, not base metals. Gold operates through the LBMA – different rules, different warehousing, different settlement – and requires purpose-built architecture. Singapore's gold infrastructure, with respect, is minimal. We have one LBMA-approved refinery – Metalor, Swiss-owned. Central Provident Fund members investing in gold through SPDR Gold Shares will see that gold held in London and New York vaults. What is puzzling is that Singapore also seems to be on the other side of the trend. The World Gold Council's central-bank gold statistics for May 2025 state that year-to-date 2025, Singapore was the second-largest net seller at 10 tonnes, behind Uzbekistan, and that the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) sold five tonnes in May.[+2 sentences] Keep in mind that this was when gold, averagely, was about US$3,300 per troy oz. Gold today trades at US$5,000 per troy oz, 50% higher than where MAS was sold it, if this report is true. MAS' own disclosures confirm this: gold holdings fell by 849,000 troy ounces from January 2025 to January 2026.[+17 sentences] So, could the Government confirm whether this is true? If so, why does it hold such a contrarian view relative to most global central banks? Does it have a framework for thinking about gold's role in tomorrow's reserve system? Sir, let me describe what an industrial policy in gold would look like, in five elements. First, a Sovereign Guarantee. The core asset Singapore can offer is not location or tax rates. It is legal predictability – the credible commitment that asset treatment follows established judicial process, not executive discretion. We have already done it once before. In January 2020, Singapore enacted the International Organisations (Immunities and Privileges) (Bank for International Settlements) Order. It states that property and assets entrusted to the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), quote, "wherever located, by whomsoever held and in whatever format, are immune from search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation or any other form of seizure, taking or foreclosure, by any form of legal process." That is the gold standard, forgive the expression, for custody protection. The question is: why only BIS? Singapore should consider a Reserves Custody Protection Act, or an amendment to the MAS Act, establishing that custody arrangements are governed by Singapore law and due process, immunising it from executive discretion. The principle is legal certainty. We should be a top choice for jurisdictions seeking diversified custody. Sovereign guarantees are best implemented via sovereign vaults in the same vein as the Bank of England, rather than outsourcing capacity to private parties, as Zurich has done. Second, a Sovereign Anchor. If 73% of central banks expect to increase gold holdings, Singapore should be among them, not amongst the sellers.[+27 sentences] MAS reserves held in Singapore vaults create the base load that foreign participants need to see. The Euro dollar market had central banks providing 20% of net demand. We should do the same. Third, Refining, Sourcing, Verification. It is one thing to have custody, but to have trusted custody requires the above. Recasting connects markets. Western central banks hold 400-ounce bars. Yet, Asian retail buys kilobars. To connect these markets, you need recasting capacity. You need refineries. Singapore has only one. Dubai built multiple refineries with no mining industry. We should expand refining capacity and establish direct relationships with miners in Africa, Australia, Indonesia, and strengthen existing ones with the bullion banks. Precious metals streaming – providing upfront capital to miners in exchange for future production at agreed prices – is one proven vehicle for building those relationships. Assaying builds trust. Tungsten has nearly identical density to gold – counterfeits exist. In 2020, China's Kingold was accused of pledging gilded-copper "gold" as collateral for 20bn yuan in loans, turning "gold receipts" into a major credit-fraud event. Robust verification through X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and ultrasound should be part of the chain, if possible, non-destructively to preserve provenance, but if necessary, destructively by recasting. Not just "is it stored?" but "is it real?" Singapore should build a reputation for rigorous verification that makes our warehouse receipts bankable. And in our warehouses or vaults, we need strong verification standards, to be able to financialise a wide net of gold collateral, the LBMA-approved and those outside the LBMA system alike. Digital warehouse receipts issued under Singapore standards should be legally enforceable claims. Fourth, our own standard. The LBMA sets the global Good Delivery standard. It is valuable. We should emulate it. Create a Singapore Bullion Standards Authority. Launch an Asian Good Delivery standard accepted by major exchanges.[+7 sentences] Competition between standards is healthy. We should aim to make our standard inter-operable with LBMA, possibly as a custody wrapper on top of LBMA. To illustrate: within the CME Group, gold receives different treatment depending on standard. COMEX warrants are valid collateral for customer accounts, while London LBMA bullion is not. We would be selling liquidity: the guarantee that gold with the Singapore custody stamp can be used as collateral, that banks will lend against it, that it trades on major exchanges. Beyond custody: liquid markets for price discovery and financing against verified collateral. We can be a multicurrency hub for gold financing – swapping it for US dollar, renminbi, or other currencies of choice. Fifth, we should revive the GOFO, the Gold Forward Offered Rate, and the derivatives architecture it enables.[+1 sentence] GOFO was the benchmark interest rate at which banks lent gold. The LBMA published it daily until 2015, when it was discontinued – not because the market no longer needed it, but as collateral damage from the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) scandal.[+10 sentences] Its main practical use was enabling interest rate swaps on gold. Consider a gold producer hedging future production over five years. The conventional instrument is a long-dated forward – locking in a price to sell gold years from now. The problem is that if gold moves from $3,000 to $5,000, the mark-to-market between counterparties swings accordingly, and that exposure sits unsettled for years. The result is large, volatile collateral calls and significant counterparty credit risk. An interest rate swap solves this by separating the hedge into two components. The price exposure is hedged with short-dated instruments that settle frequently, so credit exposure resets regularly and never accumulates over years. The cost-of-carry component is hedged via the swap, which is long-dated but insensitive to the spot price, keeping its mark-to-market small and stable. The combined position achieves the same economic result as the forward, but with a fraction of the counterparty exposure. That means smaller collateral calls, lower capital requirements for banks – and a more efficient market overall. Reviving a GOFO-equivalent benchmark would restore the infrastructure needed for a functioning gold interest rate swap market – giving producers and banks a cleaner, less capital-intensive way to manage long-dated gold exposure, including non-dollar currency pairs.[+2 sentences] This would give banks the pricing infrastructure to build gold financing capabilities here. Even if gold's share of reserves stabilises rather than continues to climb, the infrastructure I describe is not wasted. Sovereign vaults, verified warehouse receipts and derivatives architecture serve any asset class where custody, provenance and financing matter – critical minerals, rare earths, tokenised commodities.[+28 sentences] Gold is the use case with the most immediate demand, but the platform outlasts any single price cycle. Sir, in closing. Financial hubs are not natural phenomena. They are built. The British built the Euro dollar market through deliberate policy – forbearance, defence, direct participation, implicit guarantees – at a moment when sterling was in decline and the world's reserve asset was looking for an offshore home. Our financial centre was built too on deliberate pillars: rule of law, institutional trust, regulatory predictability. For decades, that was enough. Today, not anymore. Hedge funds we incubated are opening in Dubai. Family offices we courted are diversifying there. Dubai's financial centre doubled its hedge fund count to over a hundred in a single year. They moved on gold, years ago. They will move on the next thing before we have formed a committee to study it. It is not the nature of the standards, but the structural bet. Singapore won a windfall when Hong Kong shut itself down during COVID-19. That was luck. And luck is a depreciating asset. Jobs, institutional knowledge, relevance – those are the stakes. Rule of law, institutions, trust – these are necessary conditions. They are no longer sufficient ones. Other cities have learned to offer versions of the same, combined with speed we have not matched. Gold is not the whole answer. But it is the question: can Singapore still see a structural shift in the global financial system and build for it, or have we become the kind of country that convenes a review after the opportunity has passed? Because that is the real risk. That the instinct is lost. That this country becomes mediocre. Because once you become mediocre, derivative, content to be a fast-adopter, there is no bottom to that market. Thank you, Sir.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Minister Chee.
The Minister for National Development (Mr Chee Hong Tat)1507 words
[+8 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I thank Mr Kenneth Tiong for his interest in the development of Singapore's financial centre and the potential for us to be a gold trading hub. There is no disagreement with what he has laid out in terms of our ambition. Indeed, that is also something that my colleagues and I in MAS have been looking at, to see what are the opportunities that we can capture, not just in the gold market, but across different parts of the financial centre, which as he mentioned, is multi-faceted, multi-dimensional. Sir, the evolution of Singapore's financial sector, is not something that has only happened recently. It had started some decades ago and what we have achieved today is the result of sound policy choices, discipline, governance and a long-term view of how finance can serve our economy, our companies and our people. It is not because of luck. It is because of many years of hard work, together with the industry, that we have put in place these pillars of strength. Sir, our financial sector contributes around 14% of gross domestic product in 2025. Between 2021 and 2025, it grew at an average of 4.6% annually, with positive spillovers to other sectors, including professional services and infocomm technology (ICT). Today, the financial sector employs almost 200,000 people, more than 80% are locals. Over the past decade, the Singapore financial sector workforce grew by more than 40,000 – and about 90% of the net jobs created went to locals.[+23 sentences] Several factors have underpinned this positive outcome, which has benefited Singapore and many Singaporeans. First, Asia's continued growth and sustained development over the years have created strong demand for capital and international companies which are keen to tap into the region's growth opportunities. This has led to financing opportunities for financial institutions and investment opportunities for both global investors who are seeking access to Asian markets and also Asian investors who are looking to diversify their portfolios globally. Second, a sound and progressive regulatory regime, which safeguards financial stability and ensures that financial institutions in Singapore adhere to high prudential and regulatory standards and practices. Sir, Mr Tiong mentioned about Dubai and the approach that Dubai has taken. I think we recognise the different financial centres will have different market niches that they want to target, different strengths that they play to. And Singapore's strengths and Dubai's strengths may not be exactly the same, the markets that we target may not be exactly the same. But I think the international financial markets, the scale is large enough for there to be more than one international financial sector. So, Dubai can be a strong, good financial centre and so can we. And we can serve different roles, serve different customers and we both grow together. It is not a zero sum. It is not a zero sum. Sir, as the global financial landscape evolves, the important point is that our policies will have to adapt to stay fit for purpose. MAS has been working closely with the industry on this so that we know what the opportunities are and therefore, what are some of the policies that we will have to look at. For example, we granted banking licences to four digital banks, which have added diversity and competition to our banking system and provided consumers and also underserved segments of population with greater product offerings. A second example is our FinTech Regulatory Sandbox, which enables firms to experiment with innovative products and business models in a controlled regulatory environment, within time-bound relaxations and subject to appropriate safeguards. This encourages experimentation while containing risk, helping firms to innovate by taking calculated risks and also pushing the boundaries. And third, talent. Our competitive edge lies in developing a strong core of local talent as well as attracting complementary professionals from abroad. This combination allows us to build an internationally competitive and innovative financial ecosystem. Sir, MAS does not only carry out regulatory functions. We have been driving the development of Singapore's financial sector for many years. First, deepening our strengths in key asset classes. Beyond our role as a leading regional banking and insurance hub, Singapore has grown to become a major pan-Asian asset management centre with more than 1,200 licensed fund management companies managing over $6 trillion in assets.[+1 sentence] We are working with the industry to expand these capabilities, including in private equity and private credit, to better serve the growth capital needs across Asia. Singapore is also the third largest foreign exchange centre in the world, with over US$1.4 trillion traded here every day.[+18 sentences] Next, strengthening horizontal enablers, such as the use of technology. Through various grants, MAS has supported the establishment of over 15 innovation labs by our financial institutions and major technology players. And this has funded more than 50 projects and proof-of-concepts, including in artificial intelligence (AI), quantum technology and cross-border payment linkages with regional partners. These initiatives enable financial institutions to harness technology to stay competitive in a rapidly changing industry. Let me talk about talent development, which is very critical. People are at the heart of everything we do, and the financial sector is a key provider of good jobs for Singaporeans. MAS has launched schemes to build workforce competencies, and to develop specialist talents and leaders in finance. For example, in partnership with the industry, we have trained over 8,000 finance professionals in sustainable finance, covering priority roles, such as credit risk analysts and corporate banking relationship managers. We are also uplifting and upskilling our workforce to make good use of AI, helping our institutions to harness technology to augment jobs and enabling our workers to be more productive so that they can do higher value-added work. Fourth, co-creating solutions with industry partners. We adopt a collaborative approach which ensures that policies and development initiatives are aligned with market realities and can play to our strengths. And one of Singapore's strengths, which investors look to, is that we are a trusted place, stable and they can make long-term plans. So, I think, in what we do, we have got to bear that in mind. Do not erode our strengths. Because that is what differentiates us from other financial centres. Sir, I would like to also add that when we do our plans to develop the financial sector, we study global best practices and we do pick up useful ideas that have been implemented elsewhere. And we are mindful that different financial centres have different context, key propositions and key customer segments. But I do welcome the suggestions that Mr Tiong mentioned earlier about the gold market. Because, as I said, that is also something that we hope to do.[+2 sentences] Our objectives do not differ. And we thank him for his suggestions. Certainly, I will take on board what he has mentioned in his speech to see whether those are ideas that we can also implement to strengthen our position here as a gold trading hub.[+6 sentences] Sir, let me conclude my speech. Singapore's financial sector has made much progress over the years as a trusted global hub and international financial centre. But we are certainly not resting on our laurels, and we are not done building and growing our financial services industry. We believe that there is still a lot more we can do and the way that we want to move forward is to work very closely with our industry, because I believe that is also one of our strengths. The barriers between the Government and the industry here in Singapore, we do not have very tall and rigid barriers. We work very closely with our industry partners. We share ideas, we explore new possibilities, we test out what are some of the ideas that we can implement that will benefit the industry. And this is how we have done the review for the equities market, including what the Prime Minister just mentioned in the Budget speech, about the equities market development programme. The approach that we intend to take, whether for the gold market or for the other segments of the financial centre, would be the same – work closely with the industry, listen to feedback, be open to new ideas and then take calculated risks and be willing to move, be willing to make bold decisions.[+4 sentences] Some of the things that we try may not succeed, but we must try. And for those that we try and succeed, it may allow us to take off. And in the end, benefit our economy, benefit our companies but most importantly, benefit our people. Sir, my MAS colleagues and I will continue working closely with our industry partners to expand and grow our financial sector, deepen our capabilities, develop our talent base and strengthen our connections with other markets. Together we will drive innovation, sustain our competitiveness and create more good jobs for Singaporeans in the years ahead.[+1 sentence] Adjourned accordingly at 5.29 pm.
Adjournment›Motions1 turns · 22w
· 0 highlighted
motion-2845
Speaker not recorded22 words
[+2 sentences]. (proc text)]
Health Screenings for Those from Countries with High-risk of Nipah Virus, and Healthcare Advisories to Doctors and Public›Oral Answers to Questions10 turns · 595w
· 8 highlighted
oral-answer-4014
Ms Joan Pereira63 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health in view of the Nipah virus (NiV) high case fatality rate (CFR), whether the Ministry will (i) require health declarations and conduct screening of passengers arriving from or who have recently been in high-risk areas at our ports of entry and (ii) provide healthcare advisories and information to doctors and the public.
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) (for the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health)124 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, the Communicable Diseases Agency (CDA) issued a press release on our responses to the Nipah virus infections in West Bengal, India, on 28 January 2026. Since then, we have further issued clinical guidance to all medical practitioners, conducted an educational webinar for primary care doctors, adjusted the electronic Health Declaration Card for all incoming travellers and activated temperature screening for travellers arriving on ships from affected areas. The Ministry of Manpower has also disseminated CDA’s announcements on precautionary health measures to migrant workers and migrant domestic workers as well as to employers, dormitory operators and employment agencies. CDA is monitoring the situation in India and globally closely, and will adjust our measures as needed based on the evolving risks that are developing.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Pereira.
Ms Joan Pereira (Tanjong Pagar)90 words
[+5 sentences]Thank you, Speaker, and the Senior Minister of State. I seek two clarifications from the Senior Minister of State on border health measures that have been stepped up in view of the disease outbreaks overseas. First, will these include updating the SG Arrival Card declarations required of arriving passengers in terms of prior travel destinations? I ask this because I checked the SG Arrival Card, and only Africa and Latin America are listed. My second clarification is whether this information will be shared with the health authorities for further monitoring.
Dr Koh Poh Koon178 words
[+1 sentence]Sir, I thank the Member for raising these questions, which many people are naturally concerned about. Indeed, the answer to her question is yes, we have enhanced the electronic health declaration card, which is part of the SG Arrival Card. In this format, if the arriving individual, clicks yes on the SG Arrival Card to any of the symptoms, then there will be a prompt to enter the previous travel destination, and that would include the West Bengal region as well. But if the person clicks no to any of the symptoms, then he would not be prompted for any travel destinations that we are monitoring.[+3 sentences] So, it is to make sure that there are no excessive compliance needs on the individual submitting the information card to make it seamless. At the same time, we do not want to end up having over-declaration for those with no symptoms. What is the second question?
Ms Joan Pereira9 words
[+1 sentence]Whether information will be shared with the health authorities.
Dr Koh Poh Koon30 words
[+1 sentence]Yes, for sure. Any of the information collected by the SG Arrival declaration card will indeed be piped into CDA so that we can perform any contact tracing if necessary.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Giam.
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied)67 words
[+1 sentence]I have filed similar questions and I will repeat them here. What is the progress of local research into Nipah virus diagnostic kits and vaccines and does Singapore currently possess or have any plans to develop bio-safety 4 laboratory capacity for vaccine testing.[+1 sentence] And what grants or subsidies are there for local firms to ensure that such research remains viable even though there is no commercial market.
Mr Speaker30 words
[+1 sentence]My Giam, I think Senior Minister of State Dr Koh was only answering Question No 1. Yours is Question No 2. So, anyway, we will move to Question No 2.
Local Research into Nipah Virus Diagnostic Kits and Vaccines›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 835w
· 10 highlighted
oral-answer-4015
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song64 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what is the progress of local research into Nipah virus diagnostic kits and vaccines; (b) whether Singapore currently possesses or has plans to develop Biosafety Level 4 laboratory capacity for such vaccine testing; and (c) what grants or subsidies support local firms to ensure such research remains viable without a commercial market.
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) (for the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health)135 words
[+1 sentence]Sir, the main local research programme on Nipah virus and other pathogens with pandemic potential is the Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE). PREPARE is funded under the Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE) programme, which can involve collaborations between public sector institutions and private sector firms. To date, under PREPARE, Duke-NUS, the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) are conducting six research projects on Nipah virus covering diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. All of these are in progress and do not involve the use of live Nipah virus, which requires a biosafety level (BSL) 4 laboratory. Singapore currently does not have a BSL 4 laboratory for the purposes of research. The Ministry of Defence is upgrading the capabilities of DSO National Laboratories to BSL 4.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Giam.
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied)144 words
[+5 sentences]I thank the Senior Minister of State for the reply. Can the Senior Minister of State provide a timeline, if any, for a locally developed and validated Nipah diagnostic kit, and when will that be ready for deployment across our public hospital network? Secondly, the concerns about the Nipah virus are real but the Oxford NipahB vaccine has recently entered Phase 2 trials in Bangladesh and received prime designation from the European Medicines Agency to expedite review. Given these developments, will the Health Sciences Authority consider an interim authorisation for this vaccine through the Pandemic Special Access Route to ensure rapid deployment in the case of a local outbreak? Thirdly, how is Singapore coordinating with regional neighbours in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to share genomic sequencing data or research findings to ensure a collective response to any potential regional Nipah outbreak?
Dr Koh Poh Koon490 words
[+6 sentences]Sir, on the Member's first question on timeline for the outcomes of research, I do not have definitive timelines. And I think the Member would understand that for research activities, even the researchers themselves probably would not know when they would hit jackpot. I think we will continue to fund and support them in any way we can and hope that their research will bear fruits in the time horizon that they are hoping to achieve. So, that is something where I am afraid we would just have to let time take its course and for the research activities to be concluded. For the vaccine targets that may well be on trial elsewhere, we will keep a close eye on some of the developments and see if these are useful products that we can have access to as well. But I must also caution on the Member's suggestion. The Nipah virus outbreak at this moment is localised.[+6 sentences] It is not something that is widespread. The Nipah virus in the South Asia continent has been something that occurs there from time to time. So, this is not the first time it is happening. But generally, it is a zoonotic infection that has very rare, or does not often have, human-to-human transmission. The current transmission is localised to certain localities, it is not widespread. But we are raising our caution to watch this carefully. It is not the same posture that we adopt as for COVID, which had become a generalised pandemic in that episode we had been through. So, there is probably no urgency at all for now, for us to look at procuring vaccine targets ahead of time in anticipation of a widespread global pandemic.[+1 sentence] Nonetheless, we have stepped up our national posture and issued out alerts to healthcare practitioners, institutions, as well as tighten some of the monitoring at our migrant worker onboarding centre to make sure that we keep our borders under some observation. For any incoming individuals who may have symptoms, to take proactive actions to contain, to isolate and also to to give them supportive care if necessary; and at the same time, also to help them to monitor their symptoms within the first 14 days of arrival in Singapore, for example. So, we are adopting a cautious posture, but looking for vaccine target at this moment is premature.[+3 sentences] Thirdly, on his question on coordinating with other regional and global partners, that is an ongoing stream of work that CDA has always undertaken. That was the reason why we have raised our alerts – because we have information from our partners in the World Health Organization, in other jurisdictions, such as West Bengal. We will continue to maintain those links, share information as needed and to continue to adjust our posture.
Data for Posting Results of PSLE Students in UPLIFT Programme›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 837w
· 11 highlighted
oral-answer-4016
Mr David Hoe67 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education (a) in each of the last five years, what proportion of students who participated in the Uplifting Pupils in Life and Inspiring Families Taskforce (UPLIFT) programme are placed in posting groups 3, 2, and 1 or equivalent academic streams after their PSLE; and (b) whether the Ministry has observed improvements in these posting or other educational outcomes for UPLIFT participants over time.
The Minister for Education (Mr Desmond Lee)114 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, the work of the Uplifting Pupils in Life and Inspiring Families Taskforce (UPLIFT) has been scaled up through integration with ComLink+, which is a whole-of-society effort led by the Government to provide comprehensive, convenient and coordinated support for lower-income families with children. According to the latest available data, in 2023 and 2024, about 70% of ComLink+ families with school-going children had all children attending school regularly and progressing to post-secondary education institutions.[+1 sentence] More detailed data is publicly available in the Ministry of Social and Family Development’s (MSF's) “Supporting Lower-Income Households Trends Report”. As ComLink+ was launched recently in 2023, we will need more time to observe trends arising from efforts under ComLink+.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Hoe.
Mr David Hoe (Jurong East-Bukit Batok)206 words
[+11 sentences]I thank the Minister for his response and I understand that more time is required to study the trends. I have three supplementary questions. First, based on the latest data provided, what is the Ministry of Education's (MOE's) view on that 70% of school-going children attending school and also being able to progress to secondary school? I ask for MOE's view: is this a positive outcome? If this is a positive outcome, what interventions actually contributed to this outcome? Knowing this would help us to better channel our resources. The second question I have is on the role of community. I do know of many ground-ups and also social service agencies (SSAs) that provide academic support for students from disadvantaged families, specifically homework club and mentoring club. Aside from having access to the syllabus online, are there any other resources that MOE can consider supporting such SSAs, such as pedagogical training? Just because one can do Maths does not necessarily mean that he or she is able to teach Maths well. My third question is, beyond academic support, how does UPLIFT enable students from a disadvantaged background to be able to discover their strengths in non-academic pathways, be it in sports arts, or the digital space?
Mr Desmond Lee448 words
[+1 sentence]I thank the Member for his questions. The first question he asked is what to make of the data that MSF had put out, which incorporates the enrolment, attendance and the progression outcomes for children from ComLink families who are in school. I would say that it is a result of the efforts to provide holistic wrap-around through integration of support from various agencies and SSAs, as well as community groups and corporates. It is more data driven, there is a family coach, there are colleagues in the schools brought in, such as special education needs officers, student welfare officers and so on, better to support the children, but also link up with the agencies and SSAs supporting the family.[+4 sentences] Because often the challenges that the student faces is not necessarily just limited in school, but also relate to challenges they face at home and in the community. We, of course, want to keep assessing the impact of our school-based programmes. Each partner in the ComLink Alliance Working Group will need to continuously assess the efficacy of the programmes that they bring to bear into the overall ComLink efforts. For our schools, we look at the impact of the extra resourcing we provide, the support in schools through, say, after-school support, and of course the partners that we bring into the schools through the Opportunity Fund and other programmes in order for them to support our children in school. The second question, if I recall the Member is asking is, that there are community groups that do homework club support and mentoring support, and what more can MOE do to coordinate?[+1 sentence] Am I right? I would encourage the Member or all Members who know of these groups to link them up with the ComLink Alliance Working Group in every town where there are rental flats or where there are families supported under ComLink+, there will be an Alliance Working Group.[+1 sentence] Please link them up so that the alliance of SSAs and Government agencies, including our schools who are represented, can better coordinate these efforts so that nobody works in a silo. The Member's third question is whether the support through UPLIFT in our schools that contribute to for the overall ComLink+ efforts nation-wide, whether they support only academics. I would say they provide support for the holistic development and enrichment of our children in our schools. Some of our after-school support does not just cover academic or homework support. They also provide mentoring, they provide learning journeys, interest-based activities like photography, sports, arts and so on.[+1 sentence] In that regard, in school as well as outside school, our community partners also provide not just academic support but holistic development.
Alternative Singpass Identity Options Apart from Facial Verification›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 370w
· 7 highlighted
oral-answer-4017
Ms Denise Phua Lay Peng60 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) what alternative Singpass identity verification options are available for users with medical conditions that prevent facial verification, and who wish to set up digital tokens with banks; and (b) whether the Ministry will review current requirements to ensure that such users are not excluded from essential services while upholding security standards.
The Minister of State for Digital Development and Information (Ms Jasmin Lau) (for the Minister for Digital Development and Information)155 words
[+1 sentence]We are grateful to the Member, Ms Denise Phua, for caring for users with medical conditions. The Member may refer to The Straits Times Forum letter reply issued jointly by the Government Technology Agency (GovTech) and the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) on 4 February 2026, regarding alternative biometric or non-facial verification options for Singpass. As explained in the reply, there are alternative verification methods for users who are unable to use the facial recognition technology for reasons such as medical conditions or disabilities.[+2 sentences] Examples include one-time passwords or hardware tokens. Singpass users who require assistance may contact the Singpass team via email or call the Singpass helpdesk. Organisations who have onboarded Singpass as a means for authentication are expected to have at least one non-Singpass alternative method for users. The Government will continue to work with relevant stakeholders on alternative methods to facial recognition technology for all users to maintain accessibility to digital services.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Phua.
Ms Denise Phua Lay Peng (Jalan Besar)86 words
[+5 sentences]I thank the Minister of State for her assurance, assuring the House that there are indeed alternative identification methods available for those who are unable to use facial recognition. Just a couple of supplementary questions. Number one, are these measures systemic and applicable for all fully digital or not fully digital banks? Number two, are these available alternatives communicated? So that all the affected parties will know and they will not have to resort to raising the question in Forum letters, or even in this House.
Ms Jasmin Lau67 words
MAS does require the banks to have alternative methods for verification. And for digital services that are offered by Government, we do make sure that we engage citizens across all ranges of abilities to test out our services, to ensure accessibility for all. On the point about public education, we can definitely do much better in communicating and explaining these different methods of access to our citizens.
Ensuring Concrete Improvements to Vehicular Safety Practices following January 2026's Voluntary Safety Time-out›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 795w
· 8 highlighted
oral-answer-4018
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye50 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Manpower pertaining to the voluntary Safety Time-out focused on vehicular safety from 13 to 27 January 2026, what specific enforcement or inspection actions, if any, has the Ministry taken to ensure that companies not only pause operations but also implement concrete improvements to vehicular safety practices.
The Minister of State for Manpower (Mr Dinesh Vasu Dash) (for the Minister for Manpower)214 words
The Ministry of Manpower (MOM) had called for a voluntary Safety Time-out from 13 to 27 January 2026, focusing on vehicular safety because of four vehicle-related workplace fatalities in December. The objective of the Safety Time-out was to remind companies to take time off from their regular work routine to review and ensure that appropriate safety measures and procedures were in place, and for workers to refresh their knowledge of these procedures and to stay vigilant. In line with the voluntary nature of the Safety Time-out, there were no inspections nor enforcement actions.[+4 sentences] MOM and the Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Council, through its existing channels, have encouraged companies to participate in the Safety Time-out. They have also issued WSH advisories to guide companies on the key learning points from the recent incidents and the relevant safety practices to be reinforced with their workers. In addition to initiating the recent Safety Time-out, MOM conducts regular inspections in the high-risk sectors where vehicular hazards are present. This ensures that companies comply with measures, such as having proper traffic management at the workplace and ensuring the drivers or operators have the requisite competencies. Around 500 inspections have been conducted in January. Three stop-work orders and five fines were issued to companies and individuals for vehicle-related breaches.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Yong.
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye (Radin Mas)140 words
[+8 sentences]Mr Speaker, I thank the Minister of State for his reply. The reality on the ground is that tight scheduling and shift work patterns continue to entrench workers' fatigue. And we all know driving heavy vehicles is a very challenging task because of the vehicles' large size and unladen weight. Fatigue therefore compounds this difficulty and increases safety risks. Can the Minister of State share whether there are further plans to manage drivers' fatigue? I would also like to ask how many employers have tapped on the resources and grants available for companies to adopt vehicular safety technologies? If these technologies are proven to improve safety, but take-up rate among these companies are low, then would the Ministry consider mandating the adoption of such technology to improve vehicular safety outcomes? Perhaps we can start off with the higher risk sectors.
Mr Dinesh Vasu Dash389 words
[+7 sentences]I would like to thank the Member for the question and for the passion that he has for our workers. I would like to assure him that I personally went through every single case, particularly the ones in December. And as tragic as it was, I could not see any common trends or any root causes, per se. These could potentially have happened due to unfortunate lapses of judgement or not adhering to the existing safety protocols. But that said, I would urge the Member to await the final investigations, which are currently ongoing, and then we can discuss on subsequent moves that need to be put in place, either be it because of fatigue or otherwise. But he has raised important points about fatigue affecting drivers and I wanted to just say that what we have in place are WSH guidelines on fatigue management, where rest breaks are recommended and the need to manage shift work as well, as part of these WSH guidelines. And in terms of technologies, we see some useful technologies, such as the driver status monitoring system, which detects driver fatigue. On the question that the Member had on grants, I want to just highlight that we have the Productivity Solutions Grant (PSG) that small and medium enterprises can tap upon, where 50% of funding can be defrayed, for up to a cap of $30,000. And as at July 2025, about 1,000 companies have adopted vehicle safety technologies via the PSG, and a total of about $12.5 million has been dispensed.[+1 sentence] I think we have to continue to push the adoption of technologies, especially the proven ones. As to whether or not for it to be mandated, I think we take a holistic and calibrated approach to all the solutions as well as the situation that we have.[+3 sentences] I think what we want to try to avoid is having a Maslow's Hammer type of a situation, where every problem is seen to be a nail that requires hammering. Instead, what we need to have is a repertoire of solutions, sometimes a loving nudge, a firm stare or a warning might in fact do the trick. Having said that, the ultimate aim is really to have a lasting and sustainable safety culture in Singapore, and I look forward to working with the Member on it.
Impact of US Tariff Increases and US Export Declines on Price Pressures for Singaporeans›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 404w
· 9 highlighted
oral-answer-4019
Mr Yip Hon Weng63 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry in view of the 10% US tariff imposed on Singapore and the nearly 30% year-on-year decline in exports to the US (a) what criteria does the Ministry use to determine when such tariff impacts translate into price pressures for everyday Singaporeans, especially lower-income households; and (b) how often are these criteria reviewed.
The Minister of State for Trade and Industry (Ms Gan Siow Huang) (for the Minister for Trade and Industry)203 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Speaker, Singapore's exports to the United States (US) are currently subject to a baseline "reciprocal" tariff rate of 10%. The US has also imposed various Section 232 sectoral tariffs that are applicable to Singapore, such as on steel and aluminum. Singapore's non-oil domestic exports to the US fell by 9.2% year-on-year from April to December 2025. The tariffs and corresponding decline in exports to the US are not expected to have a direct impact on Singapore's inflation. This is because the tariffs are paid for by the US importers. Nonetheless, there could be an indirect impact if higher prices in the US lead to an increase in the prices of its exports, including to Singapore, in the future. Thus far, we have not observed any tariff impact on Singapore's import prices, with our import prices falling in 2025. In turn, the decline in import prices helped to lower Consumer Price Index (CPI)-All Items inflation and Monetary Authority of Singapore's Core Inflation to 0.9% and 0.7% respectively last year. We will continue to closely monitor our import prices and inflation rates and the corresponding impact on Singaporeans, especially those from lower-income household groups, and we stand ready to provide further support if needed.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Yip.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang)55 words
[+3 sentences]Thank you, Mr Speaker. I thank the Minister of State for her reply that there is an indirect impact. The Ministry of Trade and Industry regularly assesses macro price pressures, but does the Ministry use indicators to identify disproportionate effects on lower-income households, such as changes in the cost of basic food, transport and utilities?
Ms Gan Siow Huang81 words
[+1 sentence]The answer is yes, we do look at various indices and indicators to understand the impact of inflation on different household income groups. For example, for the lowest 20% income household groups, we know that last year the CPI-All Items inflation for them was 0.6%. And this is different from that for the middle 60% income group of 0.9%.[+1 sentence] We do look into such details, so that we can provide targeted support to Singaporeans, especially those from the lower-income household groups.
Definition and Measurable Indicators for "Good Jobs" under Economic Strategy Review›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 896w
· 9 highlighted
oral-answer-4020
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat64 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Manpower (a) what is the Ministry's operational definition of a "good job" as used in the Economic Strategy Review; (b) what measurable indicators will the Ministry use to track whether the strategy is creating such jobs; and (c) whether the Ministry will adopt a multi-dimensional job quality framework comparable to that published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development.
The Senior Minister of State for Manpower (Dr Koh Poh Koon) (for the Minister for Manpower)326 words
[+5 sentences]Mr Speaker, we use wages as a key operational measure to track if proposed investments create good jobs, since this is the most objective indicator of job quality. This enables comparisons across sectors, firms, occupations and workers. Having said that, the notion of a "good job" varies across individuals, shaped by their circumstances and aspirations. It often includes factors such as wage growth, opportunities for career development, fair and safe workplaces, personal fulfilment, and what gives someone highest utility, among many others. There are multiple dimensions to good jobs, and no single, universally accepted framework for measuring job quality. The perception of what constitutes good jobs also has a time dimension to it and may change with age. Hence, we chose to measure a range of more objectively measurable labour market indicators and regularly benchmark our labour market performance internationally across key dimensions that cover job creation and job quality, such as: one, labour market participation; two, labour underutilisation; and three, earnings. These are broadly aligned with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) framework and across these domains, Singapore generally ranks favourably relative to OECD economies.[+1 sentence] Local workers have experienced sustained and inclusive wage growth. From 2021 to 2025, real gross monthly income at the median grew by 7.4%. At the 20th percentile, income grew even faster, by 10.1% over the same period.[+1 sentence] Two-thirds of private sector establishments provided structured training to employees, demonstrating that employers continue to invest in their workers. Fewer employees experienced discrimination at work, with the proportion decreasing from 8.5% in 2021, to 6% in 2023.[+1 sentence] We have also enacted the Workplace Fairness Act to promote fair employment practices and protect employees from workplace discrimination. Our Workplace Safety and Health performance also ranked amongst the top performing countries, with a five-year average workplace fatality rate of 1.1 per 100,000 workers in 2024.[+1 sentence] We will continue working to ensure that our economic strategies translate economic growth into good jobs for Singaporeans.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Tiong.
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat (Aljunied)170 words
[+5 sentences]Thank you, Speaker. I have three supplementary questions. The Economic Strategy Review (ESR) mid-term update factsheet uses the phrase "good jobs" six times without defining it. My first supplementary question is, what is the issue with creating a job quality framework like the OECD has done? Second is, I thank the Senior Minister of State for mentioning the different factors that he tracks. Our wage share of gross domestic product (GDP) remains lower than many OECD countries – I believe it is in the mid-40s, where OECD countries are in the 50s.[+4 sentences] So, will the Government track this, to define this as part of their definition of a "good job"? My last supplementary question, the ESR also says it will uplift and transform roles like electricians and care workers. But a commitment that cannot be proven true or false, is not really an accountable commitment. So, would the Ministry set clear benchmarks in terms of pay, progression and working conditions, so that Parliament can actually determine if uplift has occurred?
Dr Koh Poh Koon334 words
[+6 sentences]Sir, on Member's first supplementary question on job quality, I have already explained in my main reply that we do track multiple parameters and dimensions across our workforce and the labour market. But I guess, fundamentally, the workers are interested in whether their pay goes up. For them, as I have said, a good job need not just be pay, but many other dimensions around it. But fundamentally, workers want to see their wages go up from year to year. And in fact, as they get more seniority, they want to be recognised for their talent as well. So, we do take reference from the wage distribution of our workforce. In general, well-paying jobs are those that pay above the median wage of the resident workforce.[+6 sentences] And by creating more of such jobs and helping more Singaporeans to upskill to take them on, we will grow the median wage of our workforce over time. This is a useful indication of broad-based wage growth that also shows that with the measures that are put in, the median wage of individual workers goes up over time and as a workforce, it also rises. The Member's second question of looking at wage share, well, I think there are, like I said, there are multiple dimensions to track and we will continue to measure multiple dimensions of job quality, that could include looking at wage share over time. In doing so, we will consider relevant dimensions that are included in other international frameworks of job quality, including the one that the Member has mentioned – the OECD's job quality framework. The Member's third question on what the ESR is doing with regard to trade and skilled roles, this is an area still under deliberation by the ESR, so I would not jump the gun and make any pronouncements here. In time to come, when the ESR releases its final report, there will be a better treatment of the questions that the Member asked regarding trades and skilled roles.
Assessment of Transboundary Haze Episodes, and Review of Bilateral and Regional Haze-mitigation Measures›Oral Answers to Questions18 turns · 1,700w
· 9 highlighted
oral-answer-4021
Mr Christopher de Souza34 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) what is the latest assessment of transboundary haze affecting Singapore; and (b) whether bilateral and regional measures to mitigate haze are being reviewed and strengthened.
The Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien)55 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Speaker, with your permission, my response to this Parliamentary Question (PQ), will also cover related questions raised by Members Joan Pereira, Fadli Fawzi and Elysa Chen regarding transboundary haze scheduled for Sittings on 24 February and later. The Members may wish to ask supplementary questions later and I will be happy to address them.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Please proceed.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien378 words
The Meteorological Service Singapore has assessed that hotspot activity could increase in the coming weeks over nearby areas due to wind patterns and drier conditions in the current dry phase of the northeast monsoon.[+8 sentences] This could result in hazy conditions affecting Singapore. Cloud seeding for rain will not be effective, given our size and geography. Any induced rain might not fall on Singapore due to variable wind patterns. Regional and bilateral cooperation are therefore essential to address transboundary haze and Singapore is committed to these efforts. The ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC) based in Singapore provides regular updates to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states on the weather and haze situation, including hotspot information and early warnings to support their respective haze prevention and response efforts. Singapore also engages our neighbours through platforms, such as the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) and the Ministerial Steering Committee on Transboundary Haze Pollution. We strongly support Indonesia's efforts to operationalise the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Transboundary Haze Pollution Control, to be based in Indonesia. The Centre will enhance regional preparedness and response to transboundary haze by facilitating cooperation and coordination in managing the impact of land and forest fires that cause haze pollution. Our 24-hour Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) readings have remained in the "good" to "moderate" range this year, with a peak PSI reading of 69 on 8 February, well within the "moderate" range. Hence, at this stage, the haze has not reached such levels that warrant investigation under the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act.[+1 sentence] We will continue to monitor the ongoing haze situation closely. Should the haze situation worsens, the Haze Task Force (HTF), led by the National Environment Agency (NEA) and comprising 28 Government agencies, will implement measures to safeguard public health, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, pregnant women, children and people with chronic lung and heart diseases.[+3 sentences] These measures include the issuing of advisories to minimise outdoor activities and ensuring sufficient supply of N95 masks. Indoor air purifiers will also be deployed in premises where vulnerable groups are likely to congregate, such as schools, public hospitals, nursing homes and polyclinics. Members of the public may stay updated through NEA's website, the MyENV app and the dedicated haze microsite at haze.gov.sg.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Christopher de Souza.
Mr Christopher de Souza (Holland-Bukit Timah)191 words
[+9 sentences]I thank the good Minister for the comprehensive reply and also put on record my thanks to the officers who work tirelessly behind the scenes. My question is one born out of history. We debated in this Parliament the Transboundary Haze Pollution Bill and we saw – Mr Speaker, l will get to my point soon – a great increase in air quality. And I think there has been a lot of cooperation from the south. I have read reports that this deluge of potential pollution came not from the south. So, I would like to understand how we, as a Government, as a Ministry, is engaging the people creating this air pollution to reciprocate the domestic efforts of Singaporeans, reciprocate the domestic efforts of our Government agencies, such that, on both sides, we do not emit pollution. And here I speak from some degree of experience. Having done my home visits, in or around the time to my constituency, and I felt and I breathed not all that high quality of air. So, I seek reciprocity in the region for all our efforts – and this is a humble request.
Mr Speaker10 words
[+2 sentences]I think we could smell it throughout Singapore. Minister Fu.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien362 words
[+15 sentences]Thank you very much, Mr Speaker. I do share the Member's concern for Singaporeans' well-being and indeed, that has been an issue for us to pay significant attention to, both in terms of getting our own domestic regulations in place, such as the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act, as well as to work very closely with our own agencies for preparedness. We do not wish it to recur, but if it does, we believe that we have developed a scientifically-based hierarchy of responses, catering to different segments of the society and we stand ready to activate them. Having said that, I do share the Member's wish to see if we can, in a more effective way, go upstream and to have neighbours also paying attention to their management of air pollution. And I would like to say that my experience in this area has shown that actually the air quality has improved. The incidents of transboundary haze has actually reduced over the years. This is in no small way, due to the efforts made by our neighbours in managing their own regulations and also their own communities domestically, but also cooperating regionally at the ASEAN level. So, I would just reaffirm the suggestion of working closely with our neighbours. We do that in a few ways: we provide information; we provide capability building; we supply forecasts regularly, quarterly, half-yearly. When we see that we are getting into a potential dry season, we will step up the communications. We share our models very closely. We even have some of the officers attached to the ASMC, so as to build up trust and also common understanding of how forecasting works. At the ASEAN level, this is a constant platform for meetings and discussions. At the sub-regional level, we meet up with our neighbours regularly to go through past data and also go through forecasts, so as to get everyone ready for the weather that is coming our way. So, I would like to assure Members that this is really an area of focus, an area that we pay attention to and we will do our very best to get regional cooperation in managing transboundary haze.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Joan Pereira.
Ms Joan Pereira (Tanjong Pagar)70 words
[+4 sentences]Thank you, Speaker and I thank the Minister. I have two clarifications for the Minister. I understand that there is a lot of support in kind in collaborating with our cross border counterparts to tackle fire hotspots, as the Minister mentioned. But how about some financial assistance for countries, if they require it? Second, whether these have been activated recently, in view of the very dry weather and windy conditions?
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien262 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, I would like to say that, in my past encounters with my counterparts at the ASEAN level, the issue of finance has not arisen, because I do not think our neighbours are looking for financial assistance. They have capabilities and they are aware of their own accountability to their people. So, there is no discussion about financial assistance from Singapore.[+6 sentences] As I mentioned earlier in my reply, meeting with them, the discussions on forecasting, a review of the hotspots in the past six months, 12 months, it is an ongoing process that we have with them and it is not triggered by the recent dry period. So, what I am trying to summarise is that the effort to put transboundary haze on the agenda is continuing and it has achieved its outcome because we have seen haze incidents declining over the years. Having said that, we should not be complacent, because we are dealing with changing weather patterns and we expect climate change will bring about drier conditions, at the same time hotter temperatures, which make them good conditions for more potential wildfires. So, I just want to assure Members that we are doing our utmost to have that discussion at the regional level. But even with all good intentions and all good efforts by all parties involved, including our neighbours, climate change effects are being felt and we cannot rule out more wildfires contributing to haze conditions. Therefore, even as we try to manage upstream, we must also be prepared downstream to deal with hazy days when they arrive.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Fadli Fawzi.
Mr Fadli Fawzi (Aljunied)95 words
[+5 sentences]Thank you, Speaker. Sir, I would like to ask a few supplementary questions. Firstly, will any firms, inside or outside Singapore, be investigated under the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act of 2014, in relation to the recent pit fires in Johor that have caused Singapore to be impacted by the haze, and if not, why not? Secondly, can the Minister update this House whether there has been any prosecution brought under the Transboundary Haze Pollution Act 2014, in its 12-year history? If not, can the Minister share some of the challenges bringing these cases to Court?
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien71 words
[+2 sentences]I thank the Member. For the first question, the answer is no. As I have explained in my reply, we have not crossed the threshold of a haze episode, because the PSI reading has been well below 100. The second supplementary question, we have an investigation that is open at this moment, with four companies under investigation.[+1 sentence] We will continue to work hard to get to some conclusion on these investigations.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Elysa Chen.
Ms Elysa Chen (Bishan-Toa Payoh)94 words
[+3 sentences]Thank you, Speaker, and I would also like to thank the Minister for acknowledging the additional risks faced by vulnerable groups. With the current haze persisting since late-January and doctors flagging out the elderly, children and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions as disproportionately affected, has the Inter-Agency Task Force been convened for the current episode? And at what PSI threshold will the Government activate the distribution of N95 masks and the opening of haze sanctuaries, particularly for seniors, children and vulnerable families in non-air-conditioned rental flats who may not have access to air purifiers?
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien50 words
[+1 sentence]Thank you, Mr Speaker. As I have explained earlier in my reply and also in my reply to the supplementary questions, we have not reached the threshold for a haze pollution episode.[+1 sentence] But we are monitoring closely and if we get close to that threshold, we will activate the plans.
Mr Speaker13 words
[+2 sentences]Sorry, Mr Christopher de Souza, I am moving on. Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim.
Composition and Expertise of Steering Committee for Singapore College of Islamic Studies›Oral Answers to Questions14 turns · 2,133w
· 12 highlighted
oral-answer-4022
Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim52 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs what induction or onboarding plans have been developed for the committee of the Singapore College of Islamic Studies, if any, to (i) better understand the objectives of the College, (ii) appreciate the aspirations of the community and (iii) cater to the profile of the students.
Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim55 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs (a) what is the technical, professional and operational expertise contributed by non-Muslim members serving on the committee of the Singapore College of Islamic Studies; and (b) how do their roles support the College's governance, institutional development and administrative effectiveness, while complementing the Islamic studies mission of the College.
The Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs (Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim)15 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, may I have your permission to take Question Nos 9 and 10 together?
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Please proceed.
Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim333 words
[+3 sentences]Sir, the Board of Governors and the Steering Committee of the Singapore College of Islamic Studies (SCIS) play important roles in developing and guiding SCIS to nurture future generations of asatizah who are not only strong in Islamic knowledge and values, but also able to support the community in addressing contemporary challenges, including in areas such as marriage, family and employment. Therefore, we must ensure that our asatizah are equipped with a range of relevant skills and knowledge, such as the social sciences, in addition to knowledge in Islamic studies, to enable them to carry out their role effectively in our multiracial and multi-religious Singapore. The shared commitment to the mission of SCIS and the diversity present in these committees are therefore valuable. The non-Muslim members make up less than half of the Board of Governors and Steering Committee, and are appointed for their diverse expertise and experience in working with the Muslim community.[+4 sentences] They include professionals and experts in areas such as leading Institutions of Higher Learning (IHLs), the social sciences and professional development, which contribute to SCIS' interdisciplinary approach. Other members with legal, financial and governance expertise also support SCIS' corporate development and long-term sustainability. This wide range of expertise supports and complements the SCIS' mission of providing high quality Islamic studies, which remains guided by qualified Muslim scholars and religious experts. Matters of faith and religious scholarship continue to be led by the Mufti and are supported by renowned Islamic scholars in the SCIS Advisory Panel as well as through partnerships with foreign Islamic institutions. All Board members undergo a structured induction programme, which includes briefings on the mission, vision and values, and objectives of the College. They also engage regularly with Muslim religious and community leaders as well as madrasah leaders and students to understand how the SCIS can best serve the community.[+1 sentence] For example, at the recent SCIS symposium on 27 January, Board members had the opportunity to interact with madrasah students to understand their hopes and aspirations.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim.
Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim (East Coast)245 words
[+9 sentences]Speaker, I thank the Acting Minister for his response and assurance that a structured induction programme will be designed and has already begun at the recent symposium. I have two supplementary questions – one on pipeline talent development for the leaders as well as on partnership opportunities. And Speaker, with your permission, I will ask the questions in Malay. (In Malay): I thank the Acting Minister for providing an overview on the induction arrangements for the Board of Governors and the Steering Committee that will lead this college. I believe that for every newly established institution, it is important that succession planning begins as early as possible or be even prioritised. My first question is, what are the methods or pathways that will be outlined to ensure that there will be more capable people who can continue serving, whether on the Board of Governors, the Panel of Advisors or the Steering Committee? While the right skills are essential for leading an institution, it is also important to understand the context in which the institution exists and the objectives that we want to fulfil. Secondly, for those interested in joining this national effort, what are some ways in which the public, or those who are keen, can participate in shaping the future of this college together? Finally, will the Panel of Advisors be further expanded to also ensure that we benefit from regional perspectives, whether from Southeast Asia or even Asia?
Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim482 words
[+15 sentences]Sir, I thank the Member for the supplementary questions. If you do not mind, may I answer in Malay? (In Malay): Sir, our Islamic College is a welcome development and it also demonstrates our progress as a multiracial nation. I have been fortunate to meet with many organisations, including those from academic institutions in Islamic countries, such as Jordan, Morocco and Egypt, and I have had the chance to also speak with my colleagues from the Religious Council of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore (MABIMS), as well as the asatizah in Singapore. They view this College as having tremendous potential, not only for the development of an institution, but as a new institution with a fresh approach, which is multidisciplinary. It also has a focus where Islamic learning and teaching serve as a subject, and it generally serves as a platform for us to further understand Singapore's context for our asatizah and also our students. There is also the social science aspect, which provides us with the opportunity to see how learning and teaching can be designed to benefit students and also future asatizah, and to think of Islamic learning as an education that provides benefits, not only in terms of approaching Islam as a subject, but in our lives as well, especially in the context of a plural and multiracial society. So they see this as an opportunity for them to participate, to learn in this process. And I am pleased because when I see that they are not only enthusiastic, but also see this as a good foundation and a journey that is relevant to the current times. Therefore, we will continue this effort so that everyone participates – and as I mentioned in my response, we still have experts, especially in aspects of Islam led by our Mufti, where we have established asatizah, such as Ustaz Pasuni Maulan, Ustazah Dr Rohana and others, as well as capable experts in university development, curriculum development, and so forth. So, this is an opportunity for us to continue this effort. Furthermore, if we look at it, we have many other platforms besides the Committee that we mentioned earlier, where we still want to approach various professionals, including those who are Muslim, where they can play a role as resource panels, as well as those who can share their experiences, and most importantly, see this as a journey to fulfil the aspirations of our community. So, even as I speak in Parliament now, my colleagues continue to approach various segments of our community. Hence, this is an achievement of our community within a multiracial Singapore, because we have helped build our country for over 60 years and we have developed a successful Muslim community. We will not stop, and we will continue this effort to provide benefits and a better life for them, especially for our asatizah.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Fadli Fawzi.
Mr Fadli Fawzi (Aljunied)66 words
[+2 sentences](In Malay): Thank you, Minister, for the reply. Mr Speaker, I have three additional questions. First, how many students does the Singapore College of Islamic Studies expect to admit each year? Second, what are the planned career pathways for the graduates of this college? And third, will this college have a dedicated professional development and career support unit for the students?
Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim325 words
[+2 sentences](In Malay): Sir, I thank Mr Fadli. Firstly, we will provide opportunities to our madrasah students. We are planning perhaps for more than 50 students and we will expand this further.[+13 sentences] In terms of careers, as I mentioned, it will be much broader compared to what we can see today. Not just broad, we want to develop an ecosystem that equips our asatizah with competencies, where even though they can work in social organisations or jobs related to social work, we want them to obtain the highest competencies. In Singapore, we have institutions that conduct and pursue fields of study, and provide good career development for our citizens, and we do not want our asatizah, as well as those who are studying in a similar field, to be left behind. This is a good opportunity for us. Thirdly, careers or the learning process in Singapore, does not end once certificates are obtained. We want them to deepen and develop their experience. Therefore, we will conduct programmes that develop their careers year after year. Most importantly, in my opinion, is how we can establish research platforms so that we can develop a foundation that builds knowledge in Islamic studies, various aspects of Islam, as well as life in a multiracial context. I have approached many asatizah and representatives or ministers of religious matters. They state that although there is diversity in our lives today, that same diversity may bring about negative aspects. However, when they look at Singapore, our diversity brings goodness and gives us strength to continue with our development. Therefore, this is an opportunity for our community to show how we can live as a multiracial society and continue to progress within Singapore's context. Hence, this is a good opportunity and I hope everyone, not just from our community, but our country, will develop this institution, because its success will bring benefits and continue to contribute to Singapore's success.
Mr Speaker5 words
[+1 sentence]Last supplementary question, Ms Hazlina.
Ms Hazlina Abdul Halim169 words
[+5 sentences]Thank you, Speaker, and I thank the Acting Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs for his leadership in engaging the ground and people that we serve closely and also, the commitment for the leadership committee of the College to do the same. I have one more supplementary question, which talks on the strength of the diversity, which the Acting Minister has mentioned and also, outreach and engagement plans. What are some of the outreach and engagement plans that the College has in mind, or its leadership, to better engage the wider Singaporean community to understand the potential of its impact, locally and in the region? Especially, as the Acting Minister has highlighted, this is an opportunity that is encouraged by our neighbours so that we find the strength in our diversity and celebrate this new institution. The second point to that is, what are some of the plans for the College to be working closely with other IHLs, so, varsities or its peers, to ensure a seamless ecosystem of further education?
Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim377 words
[+3 sentences]I thank the Member for the supplementary question. She raised very important questions that relate to how we want to engage not only the Muslim community here and the Muslim world, but I think also, the universities, as well as academics around us. As I shared in my answer to the supplementary questions in Malay earlier, I am very encouraged by the responses that I have gotten – not only locally, but also from the rest of the Muslim world. When I engage the members of the Advisory Panel, they shared with me that this is something that they have been looking for, but no country has done it and in fact, their countries have different context from ours.[+3 sentences] Increasingly, they see diversity may not have been handled well across the world, but Singapore has done it well. When news came out that Singapore was seriously looking at it, they saw how it developed. They saw the potential and they want to be part of it. In fact, it is something that I am encouraged. I also met my colleagues from MABIMS during my recent meeting.[+4 sentences] They shared the same sentiment – something unique, something that Singapore is in a better place to do, and that is something we want to shape together. I want to assure Members that we want to shape it together with the Muslim community here as well, including the bigger Singapore society. Because this is for Singapore, for our Muslim community, especially our students – madrasah students – and our future asatizah. Because they also aspire to play a part in the development of Singapore. I will also look into how we want to engage the various professionals that can play a part. We will be looking at how they can even play advisory roles in some of the efforts that we plan, even some aspects of curriculum development and partnerships.[+3 sentences] So, this is a long haul, a journey that we take on together. I want each and everyone, especially those from the Muslim community to help us to develop this and to look at it as a process. For today, is a milestone for us to bring the Muslim community forward and to be part of nation building here in Singapore.
Projected Expenditure on Government's Pursuit of Global Leadership in Growth Areas and AI-empowered Economy›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 655w
· 9 highlighted
oral-answer-4023
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song70 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) what is the projected expenditure on the Government’s strategies for global leadership in growth areas and an AI-empowered economy; (b) whether the Government will fund ambitious exploratory projects with breakout growth potential through a Government-owned AI corporation; and (c) whether the Government considers such entities more effective than foreign entities at pursuing projects where data sovereignty and public interest are paramount.
The Senior Minister of State for Digital Development and Information (Mr Tan Kiat How) (for the Minister for Digital Development and Information)138 words
Under Singapore's National Artificial Intelligence (AI) Strategy 2.0, we seek to harness AI for the public good and to improve the lives of Singaporeans. This vision is supported by making investments across both the public and private sectors, building up AI capabilities in research, government and industry, and applying AI to solve real-world problems. In developing these capabilities, we consider what serves Singapore's needs, alongside other factors, such as the performance, security, resilience and cost-effectiveness of the technology.[+3 sentences] There is due regard for data security and the public interest. We leverage local capabilities and partner with international entities, including leading companies who can impart knowledge, build skills and create local jobs. The Member may refer to the upcoming 2026 Budget Statement and the Committee of Supply debates for more details on how Singapore will develop an AI-empowered economy.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Giam.
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied)169 words
[+5 sentences]I thank the Senior Minister of State for the reply. Sir, does the Government have any concerns that our AI landscape will be dominated by global technology giants? How will the Ministry prevent what is called a "data drain" where these companies use our public data or public grants to build superior proprietary models, and that they eventually charge Singaporean subscriptions for or risk forcing local firms into a position of enduring technical dependency? Secondly, will the Senior Minister of State consider a policy where any foreign firm using Singapore's public data sets for AI training must commit to a structured local knowledge transfer programme and share a portion of the resulting intellectual property with Singaporean firms? And lastly, given that public data sets are a national resource, will the Government consider charging commercial AI developers, particularly foreign-based ones, a fee for training their models on these sets and how will this revenue be accounted for and publicised to ensure it is used for the delivery of public goods?
Mr Tan Kiat How276 words
[+1 sentence]Sir, regardless of whether the companies are domiciled here or are domiciled outside Singapore, I think it is very clear that we have robust data protection framework to facilitate the secure processing of data. For the private sector, all organisations must comply with their obligations under the Personal Data Protection Act. Examples of these obligations include the Protection Obligation to protect personal data in their possession from unauthorised access and the Transfer Limitation Obligation, which applies when data is transferred to another country, regardless of whether they use the data for processing it for Singapore clients, or for something else, including training data for their AI models. These organisations must also comply with any additional data regulations which apply to their sectors, and as the Member has alluded to, that includes the Government as a sector, but there are also financial sectors, telecommunications, healthcare, logistics and so forth.[+1 sentence] These sectors may have its own specific set of requirements. In this House, we just had a debate on the Second Reading of the Health Information Bill as well as the Public Sector Governance Act, which impose similar requirements and safeguards to ensure high standards of data security. Such data can only be shared, and that is for the public sector data that the Member has mentioned if there is a legitimate purpose to support the public interest, and the Ministerial authorisation and contractual agreements for data protection and data security are in place. His other questions around the specifics of the commercial model, the business model, these have to be use case specific and driven by the use case problems and the relevant agencies looking after it.
Cross-Ministry Collaboration to Tackle Problematic Gaming amongst Youths›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 845w
· 9 highlighted
oral-answer-4024
Mr Yip Hon Weng47 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education given that problematic gaming intersects mental health, education, student welfare and youth social development (a) whether the Ministry can elaborate on the current framework for cross-ministry coordination on this issue; and (b) whether preventive policy has emerged as a joint strategic priority.
The Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Education (Dr Syed Harun Alhabsyi) (for the Minister for Education)257 words
The Ministry of Education (MOE) works closely with other Government agencies to support students' mental well-being and healthy engagement with digital media.[+3 sentences] The inter-agency efforts indeed span from preventive education to intervention and treatment. MOE's Cyber Wellness lessons for primary to pre-university students teach the importance of maintaining a healthy balance of online and offline activities, and guide students to be discerning users of technology. This includes learning to manage their use of social media and online games, to recognise risks in the digital space and to manage negative influences. Schools identify students with gaming concerns and refer them, with parental consent where required, to social service agencies (SSAs) for early intervention or to the National Addiction Management Service (NAMS) under the Institute of Mental Health for assessment and treatment.[+1 sentence] Beyond schools, we recognise that parents, too, play a critical role in guiding their children at home. MOE has partnered the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) and the Health Promotion Board to develop the Parenting for Wellness resources to equip parents with parenting knowledge and strategies.[+1 sentence] These include recognising the signs of excessive gaming, for example, increased levels of anxiety and excessive in-app purchases; and working with their child to counter excessive gaming by engaging in screen-free activities. In addition, the Ministry of Digital Development and Information, MOE and MSF co-developed the "Positive Use Guide on Technology and Social Media", which includes practical tips on limiting gaming activities.[+1 sentence] Relevant content of the guide is reinforced through MOE's Cyber Wellness lessons and also shared with parents.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Yip.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang)98 words
[+6 sentences]Thank you, Mr Speaker. I thank the Senior Parliamentary Secretary for his reply. As a parent of five kids, I can attest that gaming is indeed very addictive for school-going children. Once they are given the devices and screens, they can be gaming for hours. I just have two short supplementary questions, which are: can I clarify that MOE is indeed the lead agency involved because there are many Ministries involved in this area and MOE has clear lead ownership and outcome accountability on this particular issue? And has the Government engaged gaming platforms on addictive design features?
Dr Syed Harun Alhabsyi441 words
[+9 sentences]I thank the Member for his supplementary questions, as well as his concern. Indeed, as parents, many of us are concerned about the impact of gaming on the development of the child. With regard to the nature of addressing problematic gaming, indeed, it is a multi-agency approach which I have shared earlier. While MOE focuses on the preventive aspect towards encouraging our students having proper habits in engaging with the online space, you find that we take a calibrated approach to the level according to the age of the students. For example, at the primary levels, we nurture our students to learn good habits in terms of safe online practices and respectful online relationships. At secondary school, we look at learning about safety and empathy in relating to others, both online and offline. And in the post-secondary levels, we focus on the skills that are reinforced as students learn about cyber ethics, cyber citizenship and the positive role that they can play in the digital future. In terms of where they require subsequent care, certainly MOE works with the different partners and it takes a "many helping hands" approach. That is why, also in terms of the engagement with our colleagues from MOH, when it comes to the mental healthcare of the students who have problematic gaming in the mental wellness space, that is where we have partnerships as well. In terms of the regulatory aspects of managing the online space, the Government has progressively introduced measures to better protect users, in particular, children when they go online over the years. We have made some of the regulatory changes, in particular in 2022, with the Broadcasting Act, the introduction of the Code of Practice for Online Safety that was promulgated by the Infocomm Media Development Authority for social media services, and later in 2025, also with app distribution services.[+2 sentences] As to the Member's question about whether MOE is indeed the lead agency, it really takes a "many helping hands" approach because the issue spans quite broadly, throughout society, as well as the interface that we have with the challenges online. The Member's third question is actually subsumed in the last part of my reply. In terms of the engagement with the gaming platforms, we do not, at least currently, engage them directly as a Ministry in terms of how they promulgate the nature of gaming to make it less addictive. I think it is within the remit of the gaming platforms to decide. But we do have regulatory levers at this point of time through the Broadcasting Act, as well as the Code of Practice for Online Safety, as mentioned earlier.
Incorporating Neuro-developmental Conditions in Existing Tiered-care Mental Health Model to Ensure Holistic Care›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 535w
· 9 highlighted
oral-answer-4025
Dr Hamid Razak61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) whether the current tiered-care mental health model explicitly includes individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism, who have co-occurring mental health needs; and (b) if not, what clinical pathways and funding support are available when such individuals seek public psychiatric or psychological care.
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) (for the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health)140 words
The current tiered-care model is organised by severity and complexity of mental health needs, not specific diagnoses. And so, it applies to individuals with ADHD and autism who have co-occurring mental health needs. In the community, such individuals can access free or subsidised services like the Response, Early Intervention and Assessment in Community Mental Health (REACH) for children, the Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health in Singapore (CHAT) for adolescents and young adults, and the Community Integrated Health Team (CIHT) by Happee Hearts Movement for adults. Specialist psychiatric services are also available at our public Specialist Outpatient Clinics (SOCs) where eligible patients, including those with neuro-developmental conditions, can receive means-tested subsidies of up to 70%. Those who still face difficulties paying for their bills, can approach medical social workers at our public healthcare institutions for assistance such as MediFund.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Dr Hamid Razak.
Dr Hamid Razak (West Coast-Jurong West)144 words
[+5 sentences]Thank you, Speaker, Sir, and I thank the Senior Minister of State for the reply. In my earlier Parliamentary Question, the Ministry did respond that each professional of our Community Resource, Engagement and Support Teams (CREST) sees about 90 clients per year. The Community Intervention Team (COMIT) professional sees about 70 clients a year, and these clients receive a number of sessions per year. So, I want to give my appreciation to the CREST and COMIT teams on the ground. So, they are seeing all these different clients, I am just wondering how are the frontline teams actually guided to differentiate between these clients, whose primary issue may be neuro-developmental, rather than the usual anxiety or mood disorders, and whether there are plans to equip them with the skill-sets to recognise these conditions and thereafter, refer them for subsidised care in our restructured hospitals.
Dr Koh Poh Koon187 words
[+1 sentence]Sir, I thank the Member for his questions. The National Mental Health Office has a collaboration and close interaction with many of our social partners that provide some of these services in the community.[+1 sentence] We do interact with them. If they feel that there are areas in which they need to be strengthened in terms of capabilities, we would be happy to work with them to conduct awareness courses for them. But generally, I think our more experienced counsellors that are providing services to these clients with neuro-developmental needs, if they do feel that there is something beyond what they can handle, if they feel that there is an element of co-occurring mental illnesses like depression, for example, I think they, being from a counselling background, will pick up on depression because they have dealt with other non-neuro-developmental clients in other aspects of their work as well. And if they do detect some elements of depression, we would encourage them to refer onwards for specialist assessments.[+1 sentence] And if need be, work with other healthcare partners providing a higher tier of service to co-manage these clients, if necessary.
Video Consultations for Non-emergency Acute Conditions at All Polyclinics›Oral Answers to Questions5 turns · 1,096w
· 7 highlighted
oral-answer-4026
Mr David Hoe59 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) whether all polyclinics currently offer video consultations for non-emergency acute conditions in a primary care setting; (b) if not, whether there are plans for polyclinics not offering such telemedicine services to introduce them; and (c) if so, what are the expected timelines for implementation in these polyclinics.
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) (for the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health)140 words
[+4 sentences]Sir, the video consultations at polyclinics are generally limited to patients who had previously attended in-person at the polyclinic and for specific indications, such as follow-up of minor acute conditions, to review test results or to monitor patient's recovery. This ensures adequate clinical evaluation of medical conditions. Where clinically appropriate, such appointments will be arranged by the polyclinic. At the point of teleconsultation, if new or worsening conditions are identified, the video consultation will not proceed and the patient will be advised to seek an in-person consultation instead. Teleconsultations for common acute symptoms like cough and cold with accompanying medical certificate issuance are not typically offered because these are already well-provided for by private sector players. And while SingHealth Polyclinics currently offers this service under a cluster-run pilot, there are no immediate plans for a broad-based expansion across all polyclinics.
Mr Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Hoe.
Mr David Hoe (Jurong East-Bukit Batok)166 words
[+10 sentences]I thank the Senior Minister of State for his response. I have three supplementary questions. I understand that telemedicine is suitable in certain circumstances and as of today, SingHealth serve the East side with telemedicine for acute conditions. I would like to just clarify again whether the Government would consider expanding to the two other health clusters serving in the West side of Singapore and also the Central region of Singapore. My second question is, if we do expand, what is the Ministry of Health's (MOH's) view on the services that the polyclinics will provide? Would it be similar or different to the private telemedicine? If so, what are the principles that guide this decision? Finally, on eligibility, currently today for SingHealth Polyclinics, a patient has to be at least 18 years old. Whereas in the private teleconsultation, they have different thresholds. Can I understand what is the rationale and are there plans for a more consistent guideline nation-wide for the minimum age to access tele-consultation?
Dr Koh Poh Koon729 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, I thank the Member for his three clarifications. On his first question regarding services provided at three polyclinics, let me just clarify with him that actually all three polyclinic clusters currently do offer video consultation for follow-up of acute conditions.[+2 sentences] In other words, not for the first consultation, but for follow-up care. As I explained in my earlier reply, it really is to provide a good assessment of the patient's condition so that there is some assurance in terms of the quality of follow-up care through the tele-consultation means, in which the doctors may not be able to examine the patient. So, it is really to just risk stratify and make sure that even while we offer convenience for the patients, their care is not compromised. And SingHealth Polyclinics, while they also offer acute video consultation for the first attendance, as I said earlier, this is still under a pilot and there are currently no plans to expand this.[+4 sentences] Typically, the polyclinics will have to take into account their own resourcing and the needs of the patients. So, they are now, at the moment, for the other polyclinics in the other two clusters, they are now focusing their resources on chronic disease management, which includes telehealth for chronic diseases as well. So, it is offered, but to a more conscribed group of patients and not for acute conditions as a first presentation. The second clarification on the differences between what we provide at the polyclinics and the private sector, well, the polyclinics are guided by how best to meet the needs of their patients, while ensuring good care, at the same time, is provided in a safe and efficient manner. MOH is monitoring the progress of the pilot by SingHealth Polyclinics and we will take lessons from that and see whether there is a scope for us to implement it more widely, and also to learn from it and see how it reflects or complements what the private sector is already currently providing. His third clarification on the age criteria, SingHealth Polyclinics in the pilot project has a cut-off age of 18 years old, but this is based on the polyclinic's definition of what is deemed as a child and what is deemed as an adult.[+11 sentences] So, this may be different from what the other clinics are using, and given the nature of this pilot being an early attempt to look at how it can be used for acute conditions, SingHealth is taking this 18-years-old cut-off as a more cautious approach to ensure that only adults are included in the testing of this service. In terms of guidelines, there are circulars issued by the Ministry to the service providers regarding how they should use telehealth services and how they should structure those services. But it will be quite difficult for us to provide a very prescriptive, line by line guideline for every possible condition out there. So, in general, we issue guidelines to give broad guidance and to make sure that providers assess patients' suitability for telehealth holistically, including their condition, their age, their ability to communicate using telehealth, like say, through a video conference. At the same time, we think that the providers should be given enough latitude to exercise their own judgement, because even while doing a telehealth, video consultation for a supposed simple condition at presentation, if the provider detects something that is somewhat more sinister and perhaps needing more evaluation, they should actually get the person to attend in-person and make a thorough evaluation with an examination, for example. There are times also where in telehealth consultations, the person may say there is no pain. But when you look at the person on the video, he obviously is not looking too good. That is why judgement is still needed even in providing convenience. Ultimately, what we want is to make sure that whatever guidelines we give to our providers, we are not conscribing and constraining their ability to make the right judgement. All healthcare providers, typically doctors, are trained to picked up conditions that they may have to be cautious about. Ultimately, the bottom line is this: you can offer convenience, but that should not replace the need for patient safety and making sure that you discharge your duties in a professional way, looking at patient safety and outcome as a key priority.
Traffic Accidents along Tanah Merah Coast Road and Proportion of Accidents Involving Cyclists›Oral Answers to Questions2 turns · 218w
· 3 highlighted
oral-answer-4027
Mr Cai Yinzhou75 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) in each year between 2020 and 2025, how many traffic accidents occurred along Tanah Merah Coast Road and how many of these involved cyclists; (b) what are the primary causes of cyclist accidents and whether they are primarily due to heavy vehicle movements and road debris; and (c) what steps will the Ministry take in preventing accidents along this stretch of road.
The Senior Minister of State for Home Affairs (Ms Sim Ann) (for the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs)143 words
[+1 sentence]Sir, between 2020 and 2025, there were on average around 20 accidents per year resulting in injuries or fatalities along Tanah Merah Coast Road, of which around nine accidents per year involved cyclists. The primary causes of accidents involving cyclists along this road are: cycling in a disorderly manner, cyclists and motorists failing to keep a proper lookout, and cyclists and motorists failing to have proper control of their vehicle or mobility device. The Traffic Police (TP) conduct regular enforcement at accident hotspots, including at Tanah Merah Coast Road.[+1 sentence] TP and the Land Transport Authority (LTA) also raise awareness of safe and gracious practices on our roads and pathways. For example, TP and LTA work closely with the Singapore Cycling Federation and the People's Association to engage the cycling community on cycling safety and disseminate guidelines on safe behaviour for motorists and cyclists.
Progress Toward 4,000-flat Target for Parenthood Provisional Housing Scheme›Oral Answers to Questions6 turns · 487w
· 10 highlighted
oral-answer-4028
Ms Gho Sze Kee48 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether HDB has reached its targeted supply of 4,000 units under the Parenthood Provisional Housing Scheme by the end of 2025; and (b) what does this mean for the success rate of just married or affianced couples applying to the scheme.
The Second Minister for National Development (Ms Indranee Rajah)112 words
[+1 sentence]The Parenthood Provisional Housing Scheme, or PPHS, provides subsidised rental housing for families awaiting the completion of their Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats. HDB has met its target of ramping up the PPHS supply to 4,000 units at the end of 2025. In terms of allocation, households with at least one child aged 18 and below, as well as married couples expecting a child are given highest priority. Married couples without children and households with older children are next in priority, followed by fiancé-fiancée couples. In recent exercises, all households in the highest priority tier and about 30% of households in the next priority tier were invited to select PPHS flats.
Mr Speaker6 words
[+1 sentence]A quick, short one, Ms Gho.
Ms Gho Sze Kee (Mountbatten)82 words
[+5 sentences]I thank the Minister for her reply. I ask this question because I had many residents who came to see me about the PPHS and they were unsuccessful despite multiple attempts. I understand that the supply of these flats are from vacant Selective En Bloc Redevelopment Schemes (SERS) units. Are there other SERS flats available for the PPHS? Would the Ministry consider tapping other available supply of flats, such as returned units from Lease Buyback Scheme (LBS), to help alleviate the queue?
Ms Indranee Rajah189 words
[+1 sentence]I thank the Member for her supplementary question. Our assessment is that about 4,000 flats, and maybe just a little bit more, would be the right steady state. Because in tandem with this, we are also ramping up the Shorter Waiting Time flats.[+1 sentence] So, you have to see this together. In terms of whether that we are looking at additional flats, we are looking to see as many of the SERS vacant flats as we can. But there is a limited supply of vacant flats.[+3 sentences] For those that come back from the LBS, the ones that can be resold, those should be sold to those who can purchase. So, these are really ones that are available for rental. But as I said, the two strategies go in tandem. The PPHS ramp-up came about really because of the housing crunch due to the COVID period and the difficulties in meeting our building programme. But we have caught up with the building programme, we are having more of the Shorter Waiting Time flats, and so, we anticipate we should be able to get to a steady state for the PPHS flats.
Mr Speaker50 words
[+2 sentences]Order. End of Question Time. [Pursuant to Standing Order No 22(3), provided that Members had not asked for questions standing in their names to be postponed to a later Sitting day or withdrawn, written answers to questions not reached by the end of Question Time are reproduced in the Appendix.]
Alternative Biometric Verification Options for Medically Vulnerable and Mask-dependent SingPass Users›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 119w
· 0 highlighted
written-answer-22024
Miss Rachel Ong47 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Government will work with digital-only banks to provide alternative biometric or non-facial verification options for SingPass, to ensure accessibility for medically vulnerable users who rely on nasal ventilation masks or other medical equipment that obstructs facial recognition.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister)72 words
[+3 sentences]The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) requires banks to implement multifactor authentication for online banking security. For banks that use SingPass face verification as one of the authentication factors, MAS expects them to offer alternative verification methods for customers who are unable to use facial recognition technology, including those with medical conditions. Customers of banks, including digital-only banks, who encounter face verification issues can contact their bank's customer service team for assistance.
Regulatory Review of Consumer Safeguards in Insurance and E-commerce Partnership Models›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 176w
· 0 highlighted
written-answer-22025
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye40 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance whether the Monetary Authority of Singapore intends to amend the Insurance Act to ensure that consumers' interests are protected, as insurance and financial services firms partner e-commerce platforms to distribute their products.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister)136 words
[+6 sentences]Financial institutions (FIs) may distribute a variety of financial products through different channels, which may include e-commerce platforms. All FIs and their intermediaries are expected to uphold proper conduct and put in place consumer safeguards when distributing products. When advertising on e-commerce platforms, they are also expected to assess whether the platforms are able to comply with their own digital advertising practices. Under the Insurance Act, general insurance agents distributing general insurance products, including through e-commerce platforms, must be registered with the General Insurance Association's Agents' Registration Board (ARB) and comply with the ARB's rules on professionalism, conduct and competency standards. Agents that fail to comply with ARB's rules may face disciplinary actions including cancellation of registration. Current safeguards are adequate, but we will continue to assess the evolving landscape and introduce new safeguards if necessary.
Enhanced Consumer Protection and Standardised Credit Card Dispute Resolution across Financial Institutions›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 277w
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written-answer-22026
Ms Joan Pereira64 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance regarding transactions on credit cards (a) whether the Government will consider requiring banks and card issuers to assume full liability for unauthorised transaction where 3-D Secure was not used by the merchant and cardholders promptly reported suspicious activity; and (b) whether the Ministry plans to standardise procedures for cardholder reporting and dispute resolution across financial institutions.
Mr Gan Kim Yong (for the Prime Minister)213 words
[+8 sentences]There are established card scheme rules that protect customers and allow them to dispute a charge and request for their money back through their card issuing bank. Customers who promptly raise disputes with their card issuers will generally not be liable for unauthorised transactions with merchants that do not enable the 3-D Secure protocol. Instead, the merchant involved will be liable for the loss. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) requires financial institutions (FIs) to provide a channel for customers to report unauthorised transactions and have in place a fair dispute resolution process for such transactions. FIs must start investigations promptly and not require the customer to pay the outstanding amount of the disputed transaction and its related charges pending the investigation outcome. Customers who disagree with the outcome of the FI's investigation may approach the Financial Industry Disputes Resolution Centre for mediation and adjudication. While different FIs may have customer reporting and dispute resolution processes that are tailored to the customer segments they serve, all FIs must meet MAS's requirements which are aimed at ensuring fair treatment for customers. We remind members of the public to safeguard their card information, set lower limits for card transaction notifications, monitor card transactions regularly and immediately notify their FIs if they notice any fraudulent transactions.
Data on Subscription Cancellation Complaints across Sectors for Past Five Years›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 166w
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written-answer-22027
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) in the last five years, whether the Government has any data on the number of complaints received by CASE, CCS and other public agencies regarding difficulties in cancelling recurring subscriptions or being subscribed to services without express consent; and (b) what are the top sectors contributing to these complaints.
Mr Gan Kim Yong105 words
[+4 sentences]The Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore received between one and six complaints annually from 2021 to 2025, on difficulties in cancelling recurring subscriptions or being subscribed to services without express consent. The Consumers Association of Singapore (CASE) received 49 and 44 such complaints in 2024 and 2025, respectively. More than 90% of these complaints were either resolved with CASE acting on the consumer's behalf to negotiate with the business or did not require follow-up after CASE rendered advice to the consumers. The top three sectors contributing to these complaints are (i) telecommunications services, (ii) gym and fitness memberships and (iii) food delivery platform subscriptions.
Annual Data on Complaints to CASE for Blind Box and "Gacha" Mechanisms from 2023 to 2026 and Outcomes against Errant Retailers›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 137w
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written-answer-22028
Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong73 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether the Ministry has data on the number of complaints regarding blind box or "gacha" mechanisms that the Consumers Association of Singapore (CASE) has received annually since 2023; (b) how many of these cases have been referred to Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore (CCS) for investigation; and (c) what are the outcomes, including any warnings or penalties issued to retailers.
Mr Gan Kim Yong64 words
[+3 sentences]The Consumers Association of Singapore (CASE) received zero, four and five complaints involving blind boxes in 2023, 2024 and 2025, respectively. All complaints were about the non-fulfilment of orders and missing or defective items. None of these cases were referred to the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore for further investigation, as CASE was able to address them and provide assistance to the complainants.
Appeals on Fines against Illegal U-Turns Guided by GPS Navigation Apps for Past Five Years and Solutions Taken by Police›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 144w
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written-answer-22029
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) in the past five years, how many appeals have the Traffic Police received against fines for illegal U-turns, citing Global Positioning System mobile applications that have guided drivers to take the illegal routes; and (b) whether the Police work closely with these navigation companies to rectify such errors.
Mr K Shanmugam83 words
[+4 sentences]The Traffic Police has not tracked the number of appeals made on grounds of erroneous Global Positioning System (GPS) prompts. The position taken has been that it is for the motorist to follow road signs regardless of what their GPS prompts will tell them. The road signs will tell them whether they can or cannot make a U-turn. We thank the Member for the suggestion and will look into notifying navigation companies when we come across credible reports of allegedly erroneous GPS prompts.
Tracking of Recurring Police Reports against Business Sales Practices in Past Five Years to Identify Potential Criminal Conduct›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 102w
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written-answer-22030
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre56 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) in the past five years, how many business entities were the subject of recurring or repeated police reports regarding sales practices that were subsequently deemed to be civil disputes; and (b) whether the Police tracks such repeated reports to identify potential criminal conduct.
Mr K Shanmugam46 words
[+2 sentences]The Police do not track Police reports of cases which were regarded as civil in nature. Assessments are made on the facts and, where necessary, advice is obtained from the Attorney-General's Chambers on whether a case is likely criminal and can be the subject of prosecution.
Enhanced Penalties against Fake Security Threats and Public Education on Reporting through Proper Channels›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 242w
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written-answer-22031
Ms Joan Pereira73 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Ministry will consider raising the penalties for offenders who make fake security threats; (b) whether social media platforms will be held accountable for such posts under the Broadcasting Act 1994; and (c) how will the Government reach out to the public to educate them on the proper reporting channels for incidents rather than posting on social media first.
Mr K Shanmugam169 words
[+8 sentences]Depending on the facts of the case, a person who makes false security threats may be charged under section 268A of the Penal Code for communicating false information of a harmful thing. This offence carries a maximum penalty of seven years' imprisonment and $50,000 fine upon conviction. We assess this to remain adequate. Under the Online Criminal Harms Act (OCHA), the Government can issue directions to prevent online criminal activities, including activities which disclose an offence under section 268A of the Penal Code, from interacting with or reaching Singapore users. Failure to comply with the directions is an offence under OCHA. Under the SGSecure Movement, the Ministry of Home Affairs and our partner agencies have been engaging members of the public on how to spot, report and respond effectively to suspicious activity. These messages are carried across many touchpoints – from direct engagement of various demographics to digital communications through the SGSecure website and social media accounts. We refresh our engagement and communication strategies regularly to maintain their relevance.
Ten-Year Breakdown of Full-time National Servicemen Numbers across SAF, SPF and SCDF›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 107w
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written-answer-22032
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat55 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Public Services and Minister for Defence (a) how many Full-time National Servicemen were enlisted in each of the last 10 years, broken down by the SAF, SPF, and SCDF; and (b) in each of those years, how many Full-time National Servicemen were serving in their second year of national service.
Mr Chan Chun Sing52 words
[+3 sentences]As the enlistment numbers vary from year-to-year, it is more meaningful to compare them over longer time periods, as follows. The percentage of enlistees who progress to complete their two-year term has consistently exceeded 95%. The small numbers who are unable to complete the two-year term are mostly due to medical reasons.
Registration Process Support Measures for Healthcare Professional Candidates for Past Five Years›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 169w
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written-answer-22033
Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong57 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) over the past five years, what is the percentage of healthcare professionals who have conditional or provisional registration but fail to get full registration after the fixed supervisory and training term; and (b) what are the measures taken to help these individuals attain full registration.
Mr Ong Ye Kung112 words
[+5 sentences]Generally, in recent years, 3% to 5% of healthcare professionals (HCPs) did not obtain full registration by the end of their fixed supervision and training term. HCPs generally commence clinical practice under provisional or conditional registration. Those who do not attain full registration after the end of a fixed supervision and training term may continue to practise safely under supervision and continue to work towards meeting the requirements to be fully registered. Standardised training programmes and competency frameworks enable them to progress towards independent practice under full registration. Regular performance reviews during the supervisory period also allow for early identification of areas requiring improvement, enabling targeted support and additional training where needed.
Role-Based Access to National Electronic Health Records for Registered Community Optometrists›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 117w
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written-answer-22034
Mr Yip Hon Weng58 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health whether the Ministry will grant registered community optometrists role-based access to the National Electronic Health Record to view relevant patient information, as well as to contribute eye-care findings, with the aim of enhancing clinical safety and facilitating seamless care coordination between community providers and public healthcare institutions.
Mr Ong Ye Kung59 words
[+2 sentences]Currently, registered optometrists working in institutions licensed under the Healthcare Services Act (HCSA), for example, those assisting ophthalmologists in community eye clinics, may be provided access to the National Electronic Health Record system (NEHR) to support the delivery of care to patients. Health information from optometrists in non-HCSA licensed institutions is currently not required to be submitted to NEHR.
Legitimacy of Myanmar's January 2026 General Elections, Supporting ASEAN's Position of Non-recognition and Impacts on Resolving Myanmar's Political Situation›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 188w
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written-answer-22037
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song65 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs in view that there is no consensus within ASEAN to recognise Myanmar's election (a) what is the Government's assessment of the legitimacy of the Myanmar general election concluded on 25 January 2026; (b) whether Singapore aligns with the ASEAN chair's current position of non-recognition; and (c) how the conduct of this election affects Myanmar's implementation of the Five-Point Consensus.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan123 words
[+6 sentences]As I have previously stated in this House, meaningful political progress in Myanmar requires a cessation of hostilities, inclusive dialogue and participation by all stakeholders. These preconditions are necessary for a government with legitimacy and a measure of popular support to emerge, and to bring the country forward. These preconditions have not yet emerged. The ASEAN Five-Point Consensus remains the framework for addressing the situation in Myanmar. This includes upholding the decision to maintain Myanmar's non-political representation at ASEAN Summits and ASEAN Foreign Ministers' Meetings, until there is meaningful progress in the implementation of the Five-Point Consensus. Singapore will continue to support ASEAN Chair Philippines and ASEAN's efforts in ensuring a Myanmar-owned and Myanmar-led resolution that is in line with the Five-Point Consensus.
Managing Implementation of EIA Protocols and Requirements under High Seas Treaty and Safeguarding Security-sensitive Information›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 188w
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written-answer-22038
Mr Yip Hon Weng65 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Foreign Affairs (a) what are the safeguards to protect security-sensitive information in environmental impact assessments (EIAs) done under the High Seas Treaty since they are publicly accessible; (b) when will EIA protocols across agencies be harmonised with the Treaty to avoid regulatory duplication; and (c) whether a centralised national body will be appointed to oversee compliance and administration of such EIAs.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan123 words
[+5 sentences]Agencies are reviewing Singapore's regulatory frameworks and their applicability to activities under Singapore's jurisdiction or control that take place in or may have an impact on areas beyond national jurisdiction, videlicet in the high seas or deep seabed. We will take reference from national frameworks, including Singapore's existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) framework, which provides a systematic process to assess and mitigate the potential environmental impact of any new development activity taking place in Singapore. Under Singapore's EIA framework, EIA reports are made publicly available online by default unless there are considerations requiring confidentiality, such as national security. Our disclosure approach aims to facilitate transparency while preserving confidentiality where necessary. Agencies will coordinate and minimise regulatory duplication in overseeing the conduct of EIAs.
Response Procedures to Address Residential Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Complaints and Consideration of Stronger Intervention for Persistent Cases›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 151w
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written-answer-22039
Ms Diana Pang Li Yen46 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) how does NEA respond to complaints of secondhand tobacco smoke from residential homes that affect neighbouring units; and (b) whether stronger intervention, including structured mediation or regulatory measures will be considered for persistent cases in high-density estates.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien105 words
[+4 sentences]When there is feedback from residents affected by secondhand tobacco smoke from neighbouring homes, the National Environment Agency, Housing and Development Board, Health Promotion Board or the relevant Town Council receiving the feedback would issue advisories to surrounding residential units to encourage smokers to be considerate towards their neighbours. Residents who wish to resolve the matter through the help of a trained mediator can approach the Community Mediation Centre for free mediation service. For persistent cases, residents may consider filing a claim with the Community Disputes Resolution Tribunal as a last resort. We will continue to monitor international best practices and review our policies periodically.
Expansion of Microplastics and PFAS Monitoring Programme from Water to Sediments and Food›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 114w
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written-answer-22040
Mr David Hoe51 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether there have been any recent changes or expansions to the monitoring programme for microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) beyond water to sediments and food; and (b) what new findings, if any, have emerged from the most recent monitoring data.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien63 words
[+3 sentences]The Singapore Food Agency, the National Environment Agency and the Public Utilities Board, Singapore's National Water Agency, have been monitoring the level of microplastics and PFAS in our food, drinking water, coastal waters and sediments. There have been no recent changes or expansions to the monitoring programme. Most recent monitoring data show that the level of microplastics and PFAS remains low or undetectable.
Reducing Legal, Administrative and Financial Barriers Experienced by Unmarried and Low-income Mothers Formalising Legal Relationship with Biological Children›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 182w
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written-answer-22041
Ms Diana Pang Li Yen60 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Social and Family Development (a) whether the associated legal and administrative processes are unduly onerous for unmarried and lower-income mothers to adopt their own biological children; (b) what support or fee assistance is available for these mothers; and (c) whether the Ministry will introduce a simpler and more affordable pathway for these mothers to do so.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M122 words
[+4 sentences]The adoption process is designed to safeguard the child's welfare and applies consistently, including for unmarried mothers seeking to adopt their biological children. The adoption process involves legal and administrative steps that are necessary given the permanent legal implications, such as the termination of the birth father's legal rights and the ability of the child to seek maintenance from that parent under the Women's Charter. The Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) acknowledges that the adoption process may present challenges for some unmarried mothers, particularly those with limited financial resources. These mothers may get means-tested fee waivers for MSF-administered processes and seek the Legal Aid Bureau's assistance with Court fees and legal costs or choose to represent themselves in Court proceedings.
Data on Spousal Abuse Cases with Both Spouses Filing Complaints in 2024 and Safeguards to Prevent Abusers from Making Counter-reports›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 197w
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written-answer-22042
Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan56 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Social and Family Development in respect of the 2,136 spousal abuse cases in 2024 (a) how many involve counter-reports or cross-complaints filed by both parties; (b) what assessment protocols exist to identify the primary aggressor versus defensive responses; and (c) what safeguards prevent abusers from using counter-reports as a coercive control tactic.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M141 words
[+6 sentences]Spousal abuse cases are managed by Protection Specialist Centres (PSCs) and Family Service Centres (FSCs). Currently, there is no detailed breakdown of spousal abuse cases, such as the number of counter-reports or cross complaints, due to differences in how agencies record data. Practitioners in PSCs and FSCs apply professional frameworks and practice guidelines to assess domestic violence dynamics. This includes conducting structured interviews with involved parties, reviewing prior reports and case histories and undertaking relevant checks where appropriate. These processes enable professionals to make objective, evidence-informed assessments without pre-judgement, thereby reducing the risk of abusers misusing counter-reports as a coercive control tactic. Members of the public who are experiencing abuse or who know someone in an abusive relationship are encouraged to seek help early by contacting the National Anti-Violence and Sexual Harassment Helpline at 1800-777-0000 or by making an online report.
Breakdown of Spousal Abuse Cases in 2024 by Gender and Age of Victims and Perpetrators, Types of Abuse and Referral Sources›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 135w
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written-answer-22043
Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan63 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Social and Family Development of the 2,136 new spousal abuse cases in 2024 that is reported in the Domestic Violence Trends Report 2025 (a) what is the gender breakdown and age distribution of (i) victims and (ii) perpetrators respectively; (b) what is the breakdown by type of abuse; and (c) what are the common referral sources for such cases.
Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M72 words
[+4 sentences]The Ministry of Social and Family Development currently does not track data for spousal abuse by age, sex and type of abuse. We are working with community agencies to collect more granular data on spousal abuse. Self-referrals constituted a significant proportion of spousal abuse cases managed by Family Service Centres, where clients sought help on their own. The Member may wish to refer to the Domestic Violence Trends Report 2025 for details.
Data on Feedback Received on Misleading Social Media Content in Past Five Years and Number of Cases Involving Paid Influencers or Sponsored Posts without Proper Disclosure›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 118w
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written-answer-22044
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre57 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information (a) whether the Government has data on the amount of feedback received by the Advertising Standards Authority of Singapore or public agencies in the last five years regarding misleading content on social media; and (b) how many of these cases involved paid influencers or sponsored posts without clear disclosure.
Mrs Josephine Teo61 words
[+3 sentences]From 2021 to 2025, the Advertising Standards Authority of Singapore (ASAS) received between 40 and 48 cases of feedback each year regarding social media advertisements with misleading content. Around 2% involved paid influencers or sponsored posts without disclosure. They had breached the Singapore Code of Advertising Practice and would typically have been asked by ASAS to amend or remove their content.
Data on Adoption of FWA for Teachers and Ensuring Consistency of Implementation of FWA across Schools›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 231w
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written-answer-22045
Ms He Ting Ru53 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education with the implementation of flexible work arrangements (FWA) for teachers (a) whether data is collected on how often teachers are able to work from home; (b) how is this arrangement practicable given the average teacher's workload; and (c) how does the Ministry ensure consistency of implementation across schools.
Mr Desmond Lee178 words
[+8 sentences]The Ministry of Education (MOE) does not collect such data. The flexible work arrangements vary in approach, length of time and operational needs of schools. MOE's approach to supporting teacher well-being while prioritising students learning needs is to provide guidelines to all schools and give School Leaders the autonomy to make local decisions that meet both operational needs and the well-being needs of teachers. Notwithstanding this, there are channels for staff to provide feedback on the implementation of flexible work arrangements in their schools. This can be through the regular staff engagements surveys that we conduct or through the unions. MOE encourages School Leaders to support teachers' requests for flexible working arrangements where feasible. This includes reporting later at the start of the school day or leaving earlier before the end of the school day if they have no lessons or duties and flexibility for teachers to attend online meetings at home where feasible. Teachers in most secondary schools, junior colleges and Millenia Institute get to work from home on at least one Home-Based Learning day per term.
SkillsFuture Credit Utilisation for Online Subscription-based Learning Packages in Past Two Years›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 146w
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written-answer-22046
Assoc Prof Terence Ho41 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education (a) what proportion of SkillsFuture Credit utilised in each of the past two years was spent on online subscription-based learning packages; and (b) whether the Ministry tracks the subsequent utilisation of these subscriptions by such learners.
Mr Desmond Lee105 words
[+5 sentences]From 2024 to 2025, around 17% of SkillsFuture Credit (Base-Tier) claims were for online subscription-based learning packages. The subscriptions are generally valid for a period of up to one year and learners can access the content at their own pace. SkillsFuture Singapore is in discussion with the online learning providers, on the sharing of information regarding subscribers' usage patterns, to better understand their interests and learning needs. The SkillsFuture Credit is one way that we support Singaporeans in their lifelong learning journey. We encourage individuals to take ownership of their skills development, and to plan and decide how they can use their SkillsFuture Credit meaningfully.
SkillsFuture Credit Utilisation across Income Bands, Housing Types and Course Areas in 2025 and Further Strategies to Improve Utilisation Rates›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 233w
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written-answer-22047
Mr David Hoe63 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education based on the SkillsFuture Credit utilisation patterns as at end-2025, (a) what key lessons and takeaways the Ministry has drawn on how utilisation differs across household income bands, housing types and broad course areas; and (b) how these insights will inform refinements to increase utilisation rates and ensure SkillsFuture Credits better reach and benefit lower-income and less-upskilled segments.
Mr Desmond Lee170 words
[+7 sentences]In general, training demand reflects the skills that are sought after in the labour market. As at end-2025, the most popular courses using the SkillsFuture Credit were in the areas of Information and Communication, Transportation and Storage, Advertising, Sales and Marketing, and Food and Beverages. We do not track SkillsFuture Credit utilisation by an individual's income or housing type. Our observation is that adult learners prefer courses that are able to accommodate their busy schedules, such as online learning. In addition, we have measures, such as the training allowance, to help mid-careerists acquire skills that require substantive, longer-form training. To help individuals make well-informed training choices that match their job requirements or desired career pathway, SkillsFuture Singapore works with community partners, the Labour Movement and self-help groups to raise awareness of the SkillsFuture movement and how to use SkillsFuture initiatives purposefully, including to individuals who are less digitally savvy. Through these efforts, we aim to better support individuals in taking up relevant training courses, including when using their SkillsFuture Credit.
Breakdown of Primary 3 to 6 Students Receiving Private Tuition by Subject and Median Household Spending to Evaluate Sufficiency of School-based Learning›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 131w
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written-answer-22048
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim51 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education (a) whether the Ministry tracks (i) the proportion of Primary 3 to 6 students receiving private tuition broken down by subject and (ii) the median household spending on private tuition; and (b) if so, how these indicators are used to evaluate the sufficiency of school-based learning.
Mr Desmond Lee80 words
[+3 sentences]The Ministry of Education (MOE) does not track the proportion of Primary 3 to 6 students receiving private tuition, broken down by subjects. Based on the latest Household Expenditure Survey 2023 by the Department of Statistics, resident households spent on average $104.80 a month on private tuition. MOE does not use these indicators to evaluate the sufficiency of school-based learning, as learning is influenced by multiple factors in and outside of school, and the reasons for taking up tuition vary.
SingPass Login Success Rates and Application Abandonment Patterns for CDRT Claims›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 111w
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written-answer-22049
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song66 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Law since 2023 (a) what is the annual number of unique SingPass logins to the Community Justice and Tribunals System for Community Disputes Resolution Tribunals claims; (b) of these, how many successfully submitted a claim; (c) which stage of the form has the highest rate of application abandonment; and (d) what is the median length of time taken for successful claim submissions.
Mr Edwin Tong Chun Fai45 words
[+2 sentences]Between 2023 and 2024, around 394 claims were filed with the Community Disputes Resolution Tribunals via logins using SingPass or CJTSPass (for individuals who do not have SingPass) to the Community Justice and Tribunals System (CJTS). The CJTS does not track the other requested data.
Additional Government Support for Residents Facing Persistent Disturbances from Errant Neighbours›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 458w
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written-answer-22050
Mr Christopher de Souza36 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Law what additional measures the Government will consider to support residents facing persistent disturbances from errant neighbours who refuse mediation and respond confrontationally, given concerns that existing legal remedies may be costly.
Mr Edwin Tong Chun Fai422 words
[+19 sentences]In the lead up to the Community Disputes Resolution (Amendment) Act 2024 (Act), the Government conducted a holistic review of the Community Disputes Management Framework (CDMF). Under the Act, several enhancements to the CDMF were introduced. First, the Act empowers authorised officers to issue a Mediation Direction (MD) to require neighbours (who refuse voluntary mediation) to attend mediation at the Community Mediation Centre for suitable cases. Non-compliance with a MD is an offence. The MD framework is currently being piloted in the Housing and Development Board (HDB) estate of Tampines for neighbour noise disputes, which form the vast majority of neighbour disamenity complaints. The MD framework will be expanded nationwide as soon as practicable. Second, the Act establishes the Community Relations Unit (CRU). CRU officers have a range of investigatory and enforcement powers to intervene in neighbour disputes. This includes the power to issue advisories, warnings and abatement orders. The CRU is currently being piloted in the HDB estate of Tampines Town for serious noise and hoarding cases. Agencies are also planning to expand the CRU pilot to more towns. For completeness, in cases that cannot be resolved via mediation or the CRU, affected residents can consider filing a Community Disputes Resolution Tribunals (CDRT) claim if they assess that their neighbour has caused unreasonable interference with their enjoyment or use of their residence. CDRT filing fees are kept low – it costs $150 to commence a CDRT claim and the hearing fees for the first day of hearing are free. Individuals with demonstrated financial need can apply for an upfront fee waiver, and those who succeed in their claim may recover the costs incurred from the respondent. Third, for the most severe of cases that involve recalcitrant nuisance-makers, the case may be referred to HDB to consider compulsory acquisition of the HDB flat. One example is where the owner or an occupier has been convicted by the Courts at least twice for disobeying an abatement order issued by the CRU or an exclusion order from the CDRT. We recognise that it is a very severe action, which would affect not only the nuisance-maker but also the rest of the person's household. This lever is considered where all other levers have failed to abate the nuisance and measures are required to protect the wider community. Any resident who feels threatened by his or her neighbour, is faced with a confrontation or fears for his or her personal safety should immediately call the Police, who will intervene when there are law and order concerns.
Review of Retail Mix in Toa Payoh to Serve Younger Families Residing in Upcoming Toa Payoh East, Caldecott and Mount Pleasant BTO Estates›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 130w
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written-answer-22051
Mr Cai Yinzhou62 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether the Ministry will review the retail mix in Toa Payoh to include modern shopping amenities that better serve the evolving demographics of younger families moving in new HDB BTO flats within Toa Payoh East, Caldecott and Mount Pleasant areas; and (b) whether plans for upcoming developments in these areas include a new shopping centre.
Mr Chee Hong Tat68 words
[+3 sentences]The Housing and Development Board (HDB) regularly reviews the planning and provision of commercial facilities to ensure a suitable mix of shops and services that meet the needs of residents. For upcoming projects in Toa Payoh East, Caldecott and Mount Pleasant, HDB evaluates the need for new retail developments based on demographic profile as well as existing retail provision in the region. Details will be announced when ready.
Sales Volume of Lease Buyback Scheme Flats and Breakdown of Average Remaining Lease by Flat Type›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 154w
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written-answer-22052
Ms Gho Sze Kee48 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for National Development regarding the Lease Buyback Scheme (a) how many flats have been sold to the HDB since the launch of the Lease Buyback Scheme; and (b) what is the average remaining portion of the leases of these flats, broken down by flat type.
Mr Chee Hong Tat106 words
[+4 sentences]The Lease Buyback Scheme (LBS) enables eligible senior homeowners to monetise their flats by selling a portion of the remaining lease to the Housing and Development Board, while they continue to age-in-place. As of end-2025, around 16,000 households have participated in LBS since the scheme was launched on 1 March 2009. Under LBS, homeowners must retain a lease that can last the youngest owner till at least age 95, providing a home for life. The years of lease retained varies based on the homeowners' ages at the point of LBS and also their individual circumstances and generally fell within the range of 15 to 35 years.
Breakdown of Visitors to Sisters' Island Marine Park by Public Ferry and Private Craft over Past Three Years, and Initiatives to Improve Accessibility and Increase Visitorship›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 170w
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written-answer-22053
Mr Cai Yinzhou66 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for National Development (a) over the last three years, what are the visitor trends to Sisters' Islands Marine Park with a breakdown of those arriving via public ferry versus private craft; (b) how is NParks improving accessibility for the general public following enhancements to the Island in 2024; and (c) what initiatives are being implemented to reduce barriers of entry and increasing visitorship.
Mr Chee Hong Tat104 words
[+5 sentences]There have been over 40,000 visitors to Big Sister's Island since the opening of the enhanced Sisters' Islands Marine Park in October 2024. Most visitors arrive via public ferry. To improve connectivity and promote visitorship, a new daily boat service from Sentosa to Big Sister's Island was added in December 2025, on top of the existing daily ferry service from Marina South Pier. We have also enhanced accessibility within Big Sister's Island with a barrier-free access route, a floating boardwalk and wheelchair-friendly shelters. The National Parks Board (NParks) also partners the Friends of Marine Park to organise guided nature walks and citizen science activities.
Effectiveness of Car-lite Designations on Vehicle Ownership and Transit Usage since 2019 and Lessons Learnt from Implementation of Car-lite Measures›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 102w
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written-answer-22054
Mr Abdul Muhaimin Abdul Malik46 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what impact do car-lite designations have on vehicle ownership and public transport usage in the 16 gazetted areas since 2019; and (b) what lessons have been learnt from implementing car-lite measures in HDB estates like Bayshore and Ulu Pandan.
Mr Jeffrey Siow56 words
[+3 sentences]The 16 gazetted car-lite areas, including Bayshore and Ulu Pandan estates, are still in development. For instance, Bayshore was part of the earliest areas designated in 2019, and its first sites are only expected to be completed around 2030. We will assess the impact of car-lite designations on these areas after they have largely been occupied.
Strengthening Safety and Handover Protocols for Deployment of Self-Driving Shuttle Buses›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 218w
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written-answer-22055
Mr Christopher de Souza46 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport in light of the roll out of self-driving shuttle buses (a) whether there is a need to strengthen safety and handover protocols involving autonomous vehicles; and (b) whether liability and insurance regimes that are in place should be further tightened.
Mr Jeffrey Siow172 words
[+6 sentences]Autonomous Vehicle (AV) operators must submit detailed plans on the safety operators' (SOs') role, interaction protocols with the vehicle, conditions requiring manual takeover or emergency brakes and incident response procedures. The Land Transport Authority (LTA) and the Centre of Excellence for Testing and Research of Autonomous Vehicles – NTU (CETRAN) jointly evaluate the plans before the AVs are authorised to be deployed on public roads. During public trials, AVs will first undergo familiarisation without passengers to calibrate to the local road conditions, while SOs gain more practical experience on the AVs' operations and response patterns. AV trials are currently governed by the regulatory sandbox under the Road Traffic Act 1961 as well as the Road Traffic (Autonomous Motor Vehicles) Rules 2017. LTA requires AV operators to maintain liability insurance covering third-party death, bodily injury and property damage for the entire duration of any trial. The Government is working with key stakeholders (for example, industry, insurers and legal practitioners) to review the liability and insurance regimes more holistically, including through introducing AV-specific legislation.
Impact of Bus Arrival Timing System Faults on Bus Services and Commuters, and Corrective Measures Taken›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 222w
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written-answer-22056
Ms He Ting Ru57 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport regarding the fault in the bus arrival timing system (a) how many bus services and commuters were affected; (b) what post-deployment checks are or have been conducted on the vendor's system to ensure accuracy; and (c) whether the reported root cause being a memory cache build-up raised cybersecurity or resilience concerns.
Mr Jeffrey Siow165 words
[+9 sentences]Around 4,000 buses were affected by intermittent data transmission and missing bus arrival timing predictions. As buses are deployed across services at different times, we do not have an estimate of the impact on commuters. Bus operations were not impacted otherwise. Predictions from the Expected Time of Arrival system are cross checked against the actual arrival timing of buses logged via the separate Bus Fleet Management System to identify any spikes in inaccurate or missing predictions. Based on preliminary investigations, the root cause of the incident was defective software coupled with a server failure in January 2026. These resulted in a buildup of data in the internal memory storage of on-board data transmitters, which eventually prevented many of the transmitters from functioning properly. There are no cybersecurity concerns. The software has since been fixed and the same error should not recur. An upgrade of the Bus Fleet Management System has also been in progress since 2024 and will integrate and improve bus arrival time predictions.
Deployment Timeline of Two-Car Trains for Sengkang-Punggol LRT at Sengkang East and West Loops by 2026 to 2027›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 133w
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written-answer-22057
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim65 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport with regard to the rollout of two-car trains for the Sengkang-Punggol Light Rail Transit system that began in the third quarter of 2025, how many two-car trains are expected to be deployed for the Sengkang East Loop and Sengkang West Loop, in each case by (i) June 2026 (ii) December 2026 (iii) June 2027 and (iv) December 2027, respectively.
Mr Jeffrey Siow68 words
[+3 sentences]By end-February 2026, seven new Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs) would have already been deployed on the Sengkang-Punggol Light Rail Transit (LRT). The remaining 18 new LRVs will be progressively deployed across the Sengkang-Punggol LRT network from early 2027 onwards, after the completion of the Sengkang-Punggol depot expansion works. The exact timeline for deployment will be determined based on the prevailing operational requirements and ridership patterns at the time.
Accuracy Standards of Bus ETA System over Past Three Years and Monitoring Measures of System Contractor's Performance›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 213w
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written-answer-22058
Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat62 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what accuracy standards apply to the bus Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) system; (b) what has been the measured accuracy rate over the past three years; (c) whether the Ministry is satisfied with the ETA system contractor's performance, given inaccuracies reported well before the January 2026 failure; and (d) what monitoring measures will prevent recurrence.
Mr Jeffrey Siow151 words
[+7 sentences]The Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) system is expected to predict actual bus arrival times within a three-minute range, at least 95% of the time. There is some inherent variation in bus arrival times, due to variable dwell times at preceding bus stops, and traffic speeds due to congestion, accidents or roadworks. In the past three years the actual performance of the system has met the prescribed performance target. The ETA failure in January was due to a defect in the software on the buses that was triggered by a server failure. The defect has since been fixed, and the system’s performance is stabilising. Since 2024, we have begun to upgrade the ETA system to improve arrival time predictions and provide more real time information to commuters. The Land Transport Authority is closely monitoring the reliability and accuracy of the ETA system and has taken remedial actions to prevent a recurrence.
CDC Vouchers Scheme Proximity Thresholds for Heartland Merchants Onboarding Exceptions›Written Answers to Questions2 turns · 233w
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written-answer-22059
Ms Diana Pang Li Yen72 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) what objective proximity or density thresholds are used to assess that few or no heartland merchants are found within or near residential areas when onboarding businesses onto the CDC Vouchers Scheme on a case-by-case basis; (b) how many participating merchants are located in malls under this exception; and (c) whether these thresholds will be published to ensure fairness to nearby heartland shops.
Mr Edwin Tong Chun Fai161 words
[+7 sentences]I am answering in my capacity as the Minister charged with the responsibility for the People's Association. The Community Development Council (CDC) Vouchers scheme was first introduced in June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of the scheme are to help Singaporean households with daily expenses and to support hawkers and heartland merchants. In 2023, we responded to residents' requests to further alleviate their expenses by introducing a separate CDC Supermarket Vouchers – for spending at the eight participating supermarkets with over 400 outlets. The separate hawker and heartland merchant category and supermarket category serve to strike a balance between supporting Singaporean households with their daily expenses and supporting hawkers and heartland merchants. In line with the policy intent and in fairness to heartland shops, we focus on onboarding hawkers and merchants in Housing and Development Board heartlands and merchants in commercial malls are not eligible to be onboarded. To date, we have onboarded over 24,000 hawkers and heartland merchants.
National Mindline 1771 Usage Statistics, Demographic Analysis and Service Utilisation across Support Channels and Categories›Written Answers to Questions3 turns · 271w
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written-answer-22060
Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan57 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what is the demographic profile of help-seekers on the national mindline 1771 to date, by (i) age group and (ii) gender; (b) what is the distribution of contacts across (i) telephone (ii) WhatsApp and (iii) webchat channels; and (c) what proportion of help-seekers remain anonymous.
Ms Eileen Chong Pei Shan63 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health since the launch of national mindline 1771 in June 2025 (a) what is the total number of contacts received across all channels; (b) what proportion of contacts required (i) immediate crisis intervention (ii) early support and counselling and (iii) wayfinding and referrals respectively; and (c) what are the most common referral pathways.
Mr Ong Ye Kung151 words
[+7 sentences]Since the launch of the national mindline 1771 service in June 2025, counsellors have handled more than 39,000 calls, messages and webchats, with 26% of help-seekers choosing not to disclose their personally identifiable information. The distribution of help-seekers across the hotline, WhatsApp messaging and webchat messaging channels is approximately 60%, 25% and 15% respectively. Most of the help-seekers do not explicitly reveal their age or gender. However, based on counsellors' interactions with help-seekers across all channels, gender could be determined in approximately 37% of cases with fairly similar numbers of males and females. For help-seekers who chose to share their age, most are 20 to 35 years old, as shown in Table 1. Of the help-seekers attended to, approximately 10%, 75% and 15% required immediate crisis intervention, early support and counselling, and wayfinding and referrals, respectively. Help-seekers are mostly referred to Community Outreach Teams, Community Intervention Teams and Family Counselling Centres.
Complaints or Appeals Received Regarding Selection of Junior Athletes at National Sports Associations›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 304w
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written-answer-na-22061
Mr Saktiandi Supaat66 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) how many complaints or appeals regarding selection processes for junior athletes in National Sports Associations have been received in the past five years, that the Government is aware of; (b) of these, how many were investigated; and (c) what safeguards exist to ensure that selection is fair, transparent, and not influenced by socio-economic background, if any.
Mr David Neo238 words
[+10 sentences]Fair and transparent processes to select athletes to represent Singapore in competitions are important in ensuring that TeamSG athletes achieve the best results possible and more young Singaporeans continue to be inspired to pursue sports excellence. National Sports Associations (NSAs) are responsible for fair and transparent athlete selection policies. The Government does not track complaints or appeals regarding selection processes for junior athletes in NSAs. Sport Singapore (SportSG) and the Singapore National Olympic Council (SNOC) require NSAs to (i) adopt guiding principles for developing their policies; (ii) maintain clearly documented merit-based criteria that are communicated to athletes well in advance of selection processes; and (iii) submit their policies to SportSG and SNOC for review before publication to ensure they meet the required standards. These criteria focus on sporting performance and potential and does not consider socio-economic background. Athletes not selected can appeal to their NSA based on (i) new information; or (ii) concerns about the openness, transparency and fairness of the selection process. NSAs have an established appeals process featuring independent appeal committees separate from the original selection panels. This structure ensures a fair avenue for athletes to seek recourse. Where necessary, such cases can be escalated via an Alternative Dispute Resolution framework set up by SportSG to resolve disputes that cannot be resolved through the standard appeals process. Athletes who have concerns about selection processes can approach their respective NSAs, SportSG and SNOC for advice and assistance.
Number of Fitness Corners and Public Fitness Facilities Installed and Those That Are Equipped for Strength Training›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 194w
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written-answer-na-22062
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre60 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Culture, Community and Youth (a) how many fitness corners and other freely accessible public fitness facilities are installed in parks, housing block flats and other public places; and (b) of these, how many are equipped with adjustable or variable resistance machines capable of higher impact progressive strength training as opposed to fixed-resistance or bodyweight stations.
Mr David Neo134 words
[+7 sentences]The Government provides accessible public fitness facilities for Singaporeans' use in our Housing and Development Board (HDB) estates, parks and ActiveSG sport centres. There are over 3,400 fitness corners installed in HDB estates, Sport-in-Precinct facilities and public parks maintained by National Parks Board. Most of the fitness corners are multi-generational fitness corners, that cater to Singaporeans of different ages. Some of these have equipment that use fixed-resistance or body weight, which make them generally easier to use. Residents can also access any of our 28 ActiveSG gyms around the island, which are well-equipped with different types of equipment, including free-weight or variable resistance machines. Some ActiveSG gyms have specialised machines that use pneumatic technology, air pressure and lever arms instead of traditional weights. These provide safe and accessible workouts for users of all abilities.
Extending Age Limit for PHV Driver's Licence to Beyond 75 Years›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 141w
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written-answer-na-22063
Ms Poh Li San42 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport whether the Ministry will consider extending the maximum age limit for holders of Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licences beyond 75 years old on an annual basis provided they are certified fit to drive by doctors.
Mr Jeffrey Siow99 words
[+6 sentences]In consultation with the Singapore Medical Association, the upper statutory age limit will be kept at 75 years old for now. Vocational drivers spend a lot of time on the road and have a significant impact on other road users. They are also responsible for the safety of their passengers. Past statistics show that the accident rate for vocational drivers aged 70 to 74 was higher than that of younger drivers. The incidence of heart attacks and other chronic diseases among Singaporeans aged 70 and above has also been increasing. We will continue to periodically review the age limit.
Spotting System Faults in AVs and Strengthening Investigation and Accountability Frameworks as AV Deployment Expands›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 144w
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written-answer-na-22064
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye55 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport following the autonomous vehicle collision with a road divider on 17 January 2026 (a) whether investigators are adequately trained to distinguish system faults from human error; and (b) how will investigation and accountability frameworks be strengthened to safeguard workers supervising these systems as the adoption of autonomous vehicles expands.
Mr Jeffrey Siow89 words
[+4 sentences]The Land Transport Authority partners the Traffic Police as well as fleet operators to conduct investigations involving Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). AV trials are currently governed by the regulatory sandbox under the Road Traffic Act 1961 as well as the Road Traffic (Autonomous Motor Vehicles) Rules 2017. The sandbox has helped us better understand the technology before wider implementation. The Government is working with unions and key industry stakeholders to review the accountability framework, including introducing AV-specific legislation that sets out clearly the responsibilities and accountability of key AV actors.
Update on Progress of Train Lines Under Extension and Construction›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 159w
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written-answer-na-22065
Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong59 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) whether an update can be provided on the progress of (i) Circle Line stage 6 and (ii) Thomson-East Coast Line stage 5 and Downtown Line 3 extension; and (b) whether the Ministry can confirm the specific opening months for these segments following the completion of current tunnel reinforcement and systems integration testing.
Mr Jeffrey Siow100 words
[+4 sentences]The ongoing tunnel strengthening works on the Circle Line (CCL) must be completed, before the remaining testing and preparatory works for CCL Stage 6 can resume and CCCL Stage 6 can be open. If the tunnel strengthening works remain on schedule, we can open CCL Stage 6 in the first half of 2026. The Thomson-East Coast Line Stage 5 and Downtown Line 3 extension are expected to open in the second half of 2026. More details on specific opening dates and any further service adjustments required to prepare for the opening of these line extensions will be announced when ready.
Data on Illegal Use of Deregistered Vehicles, and Crime and Traffic Violations Linked to These Vehicles›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 196w
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written-answer-na-22066
Mr Cai Yinzhou61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) in 2025, how many crimes or traffic violations involved the use of deregistered vehicles; (b) what are the primary sources of these vehicles and whether there is evidence of syndicates facilitating their illegal retention; and (c) how will the Ministry enhance inter-agency coordination to prevent deregistered cars from being used illegally on our roads.
Mr Jeffrey Siow135 words
[+7 sentences]A vehicle owner must either scrap or export his deregistered vehicle and provide proof of disposal within one month from the vehicle's deregistration date. A failure to do so constitutes an offence punishable by fine or imprisonment, or both. Amendments to the Road Traffic Act were passed in Parliament this month to increase the maximum penalties for keeping or using an unregistered or deregistered vehicle. A first-time offender will face a fine of up to $20,000 or imprisonment of up to two years, or both. Nonetheless, there are still cases where deregistered vehicles were unlawfully retained and used illegally. In 2025, there were more than 80 cases of crimes and traffic violations that involved the use of such vehicles. Besides legislation, the Land Transport Authority regularly shares intelligence and conducts joint operations with other agencies.
Factors Considered When Pritorising Rail Line Upgrades›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 219w
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written-answer-na-22068
Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim62 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Acting Minister for Transport (a) what criteria Land Transport Authority (LTA) uses to prioritise rail line upgrades, such as transitions from single-car to two-car operations; (b) whether ridership thresholds, infrastructure readiness or other factors were considered in prioritising the Punggol LRT ahead of the Sengkang LRT; and (c) if so, what the corresponding figures or assessments were for each system.
Mr Jeffrey Siow157 words
[+7 sentences]Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs) for the Sengkang-Punggol light rail transit (SPLRT) can be deployed across all loops. New two-car LRVs were deployed in the Punggol loops in the second half of last year and new two-car LRVs are being deployed in the Sengkang loops since January this year. By end February 2026, a total of three and four new LRVs will be deployed to the Sengkang and Punggol loops respectively. The new LRVs were first deployed at Punggol primarily for operational reasons. Any train fault during the initial deployment will be less disruptive and more easily managed when the new LRVs are operating in the Punggol loops, as it would not affect the launching of LRVs from the SPLRT depot located at Sengkang. The performance of the new LRVs has since stabilised. Subsequent deployment of new LRVs will primarily be based on the level of crowding in each of the loops, while taking into consideration operational requirements.
Structured Intervention Pathways for Managing Serious Sexual or Violence Cases, Especially Those Involving Children or Sustained Pattern of Harm›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 295w
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written-answer-na-22071
Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin53 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs what mandatory follow-ups or structured intervention pathways are in place to manage serious cases, such as sexual misconduct, and violence involving children below the minimum age of criminal responsibility, particularly if there are multiple victim reports or sustained patterns of harm.
Mr K Shanmugam242 words
[+9 sentences]The Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility (MACR) recognises that children under a certain age are not mature enough to fully understand the nature and consequences of their conduct and, as such, should not be held criminally liable for their actions. When the Police respond to cases involving children below the MACR, their priority is therefore to ensure the safety of parties involved, especially during the onset of the incident, while facilitating the child's rehabilitation and well-being. To support the offending child's rehabilitation, there are existing referral mechanisms to provide support and interventions. Police may refer the case to the child's school, where appropriate, for follow-ups, which can include disciplinary action or restorative actions to mend relationships between involved students. Police can also refer cases to a Family Service Centre, which will work with the family on improving family functioning issues; or to the Institute of Mental Health, for assessment on any mental disorder that may have contributed to the child's behaviour. Families also play a crucial role in supporting their child's rehabilitation. Schools and agencies will work closely with the parents to support their child at home. However, in cases where the offending child has serious behavioural challenges, parents or guardians can also consider applying for a Family Guidance Order. The Youth Court can then mandate interventions, such as counselling, or place the child under statutory supervision or admit the child into a home gazetted under the Children and Young Persons Act.
Identifying and Summoning Non-Singaporean Motorists for Traffic Offences Committed with Foreign-registered Vehicles›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 107w
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written-answer-na-22072
Ms Gho Sze Kee41 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs for traffic offences committed by foreign-registered vehicles in Singapore, how are the responsible motorists identified and summoned, particularly where the vehicle owner or motorist does not reside in Singapore.
Mr K Shanmugam66 words
[+4 sentences]Foreign-registered vehicles caught for traffic offences will have composition fines tagged to them. Vehicles with outstanding fines, including for traffic offences, may be denied entry into Singapore at the land checkpoints. Outstanding fines must be paid before the vehicle is allowed entry. The Ministry of Home Affairs is considering additional measures against foreign motorists who commit traffic offences in Singapore and will announce details when ready.
Assessment of Links to or Implications for Singapore from Epstein Files Saga›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 79w
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written-answer-na-22074
Ms He Ting Ru61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs (a) whether the Government has assessed if any information arising from the Epstein Files in the United States has potential links to or implications for Singapore, including possible links to human trafficking or sexual offences involving minors; and (b) whether any follow-up actions are being considered by the Government.
Mr K Shanmugam18 words
[+1 sentence]Police have not received any information that suggests possible criminal activities in Singapore arising from the Epstein Files.
Legislating Mandatory Disclosure of Odds and Probability Ranges for Blind Box or "Gacha" Products›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 101w
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written-answer-na-22075
Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong36 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for National Security and Minister for Home Affairs whether the Government intends to legislate mandatory and standardised disclosure of odds and probability ranges for blind box or "gacha" products sold in Singapore.
Mr K Shanmugam65 words
[+3 sentences]The Ministry of Home Affairs and the Gambling Regulatory Authority had studied this issue and have decided to introduce regulations stipulating the conditions under which blind boxes may be offered, to better manage gambling inducement risks. The regulations are being drafted. The Member's suggestion to have mandatory and standardised odds and probability disclosure will be among the points that will be considered for the regulations.
Criteria for Location of Active Ageing Centres in New BTO Estates›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 138w
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written-answer-na-22077
Ms Diana Pang Li Yen70 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) what criteria do the Ministry and the Agency of Integrated Care use to locate and roll out Active Ageing Centres (AAC) in new BTO estates, such as Hougang Olive and Bartley Beacon; (b) how demand, accessibility and senior population projections for AAC are assessed; and (c) whether indicative timelines for establishment of AACs will be shared with residents.
Mr Ong Ye Kung68 words
[+2 sentences]The Ministry of Health and the Agency for Integrated Care consider the current and projected number of seniors based on administrative data, local service needs as well as the accessibility of Active Ageing Centres (AACs) when planning for and setting up new AACs, including in new Build-To-Order developments. The Agency for Integrated Care works with relevant stakeholders to inform residents of the expected operationalisation timeline of upcoming AACs.
Plans for Onboarding Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners to National Electronic Health Record›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 117w
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written-answer-na-22080
Mr Cai Yinzhou74 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Minister for Health (a) whether the Ministry plans to onboard Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners to the National Electronic Health Record (NEHR); (b) if so, what is the timeline; (c) what technical and financial support will be provided to TCM clinics to upgrade their practice management systems; and (d) how will the Ministry ensure data interoperability between TCM diagnostic terminology and Western medical records within NEHR.
Mr Ong Ye Kung43 words
[+1 sentence]Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) service is not a licensable healthcare service under the Healthcare Services Act 2020, and under the Health Information Bill, data from TCM practitioners are not within the data types to be contributed to the National Electronic Health Record system.
Ensuring Energy Resilience and Supply Stability Given Increased Renewable Energy Deployment›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 285w
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written-answer-na-22083
Mr Edward Chia Bing Hui50 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) what is the Ministry's assessment of Singapore's energy resilience and grid stability in light of the anticipated increase in renewable energy deployment; and (b) what measures are being taken to manage intermittency risks and ensure reliability of supply.
Mr Gan Kim Yong235 words
[+11 sentences]Our main renewable energy today is solar energy. We have about 1.7 gigawatt peak (GWp) of solar photovoltaics deployed in Singapore as of June 2025 and we are making good progress towards meeting our current target of 2 GWp by 2030. The average amount of electricity from solar energy at any point in time is much lower. No electricity is generated at night and in daytime, solar generation fluctuates with cloud cover and weather patterns. To address the intermittency, the Singapore energy market provides regulation reserves, which are generation capacities used to balance minute-to-minute variations in electricity consumption and generation output. Additionally, Energy Market Authority has deployed battery energy storage systems (BESS) to provide instantaneous response to demand and supply fluctuations. The BESS can store energy generated during periods of high power output and discharge the energy when required. These measures keep our power supply reliable. Another potential source of renewable energy for us is via electricity import from the region. We will require the developers of these projects to mitigate intermittency through the use of BESS at source or other energy solutions. As we further increase the deployment of solar energy in Singapore and introduce imports and new energy sources, we will continue to maintain stringent reliability standards, perform real-time monitoring of system demand and network conditions, and invest in new grid infrastructure and technologies, such as BESS, to ensure a reliable power supply.
Monitoring Rents and Profitability to Ensure Sustainability of Small Businesses, Including Heritage and City Centre Retail Shops›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 389w
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written-answer-na-22084
Mr Saktiandi Supaat68 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) what are the Government's latest observations on (i) profitability and rents in the F&B industry and (ii) business closures, profitability and rents in the retail industry; and (b) whether the Government is considering any additional support or regulatory adjustments to foster sustainable small business growth and preserve vibrancy and heritage in neighbourhood and city-centre retail ecosystems.
Mr Gan Kim Yong321 words
[+13 sentences]The formation of food and beverage (F&B) and retail entities have outpaced cessations in most years between 2019 and 2025. This resulted in a net increase of 24% and 18% in the number of F&B and retail entities respectively over this period. The growth in the number of these entities have exceeded Singapore's population growth, leading to a higher density of F&B and retail entities per capita. This may have contributed to increased competition, which partially explains the declines in the sectors' profitability – measured as total profits divided by total revenue – from 1.3% in 2019 to 1.1% in 2023. Similarly, profitability for the retail sector edged down from 4.7% to 4.5% over the same period. Rental costs declined as a share of total business costs between 2019 and 2023 to approximately 20% and 26% for firms in the F&B and retail sectors respectively, from around 25% and 31% in 2019. This suggests that rising cost pressures in recent years were driven more by non-rental components, such as labour and inputs. To remain viable, F&B and retail businesses must continually innovate their offerings and improve productivity. Enterprise Singapore has targeted schemes to support these businesses. For example, the FoodX programme enables F&B businesses to outsource food preparation to central kitchens, allowing them to streamline operations and reduce manpower-intensive processes. Enterprise Singapore also supports retailers to offer unique experiential concepts to strengthen value propositions and to adopt productivity-enhancing formats, such as self-checkout systems and unmanned stores. To help our businesses manage costs, the Government introduced the 50% Corporate Income Tax Rebate for Years of Assessment 2024 and 2025, capped at $40,000, with a minimum benefit of $2,000 for companies with at least one local employee. Eligible hawkers and heartland F&B and retail businesses that participate in the Community Development Council (CDC) Vouchers scheme can also benefit from increased patronage from residents using their CDC vouchers and the one-off commemorative SG60 vouchers.
Impact of Government-issued Vouchers and Credits on 2025 GDP Growth›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 205w
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written-answer-na-22086
Ms He Ting Ru64 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry (a) whether there are estimates of how much of the reported 2025 GDP growth was driven by time-limited vouchers and credits that boost short-term consumer spending; (b) whether the Government has assessed what underlying the economic growth would have been without such measures; and (c) if so, what are these estimates and assessments.
Mr Gan Kim Yong141 words
[+6 sentences]Singapore's gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 5% in 2025 was largely driven by outward-oriented sectors. In particular, the manufacturing, wholesale trade, and finance and insurance sectors saw strong growth on the back of the global artificial investment (AI) investment boom, as well as resilient global trade and macroeconomic conditions. Collectively, they accounted for around 3.1 percentage points, or 62.1%, of the GDP growth in 2025. The support measures for households and SG60 initiatives that were announced in Budget 2025 included Community Development Council vouchers, SG60 vouchers and child LifeSG credits. These were introduced primarily to help Singaporean households defray living expenses and to share the benefits of our nation's progress. Consumer-facing sectors, such as retail trade and food and beverage services, that would benefit from these measures, collectively contributed about 0.04 percentage-point, or 0.7%, of the GDP growth in 2025.
Update on Mandate for National Space Agency of Singapore›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 175w
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written-answer-na-22087
Mr Low Wu Yang Andre61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Trade and Industry whether the mandate of the forthcoming National Space Agency of Singapore will include (i) developing or encouraging the development of a domestic capability to launch small payloads or microsatellites to orbit and (ii) the funding of research into emerging launch technologies to enable such a capability and for potential export.
Mr Gan Kim Yong114 words
[+5 sentences]The National Space Agency of Singapore does not intend to prioritise the development of launch capability from Singapore at this juncture. It is not practical nor cost-effective to develop such a capability given Singapore's land constraints and congested air space, vis-à-vis leveraging commercial launch services which are readily available overseas. Satellites from Singapore have been launched from reliable overseas spaceports, including those in French Guiana, India, Japan and the United States. We will continue to pursue such partnerships and cooperation arrangements to maintain resilient and reliable access to launch services. Nonetheless, we will continue to monitor emerging launch technologies and remain open to supporting those that demonstrate commercial potential and strategic value for Singapore.
Encouraging Exposure to Credible, Diverse Perspectives in Light of Survey Indicator that Fewer Singaporeans Regularly Accessed Diverse Viewpoints›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 392w
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Mr Mark Lee60 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Digital Development and Information in light of the 2026 Edelman Trust Barometer indicating that fewer Singaporeans regularly access diverse viewpoints (a) how does the Government assess the risk that information silos may increase susceptibility to misinformation and weaken information resilience during crises; and (b) what steps are being taken to encourage exposure to credible, diverse perspectives.
Mrs Josephine Teo332 words
[+18 sentences]There is no silver bullet to addressing the Member's valid concerns. Globally, the risk of echo chambers is significant. We have seen how phenomena, like algorithms, a fractured media landscape and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated content, can work in concert to erode trust in institutions and deepen polarisation in many societies. Singapore is not immune to these pressures. As a small, open and highly connected society, we are exposed to external influences seeking to exploit our fault lines of race and religion. Thus far, we have not seen the same sharp polarisation of views that have emerged elsewhere in the world. Our information landscape today also remains fairly healthy. The 2026 Edelman Trust Barometer found that trust in Public Service Media (PSM) and in Government, continues to be high. But we cannot take this for granted. We must continue to enable our people to agree on common facts and a shared understanding of the issues of the day. This underscores why we invest significantly in our PSM as a critical pillar of our society's infrastructure of fact. In a landscape increasingly filled with AI-generated content, our PSM entities – Mediacorp and SPH Media – provide quality journalism in our four official languages, ensuring that all Singaporeans, have access to accurate news and diverse perspectives. Importantly, our PSM interprets global developments through a Singaporean lens and helps our people understand what is at stake. We also have measures in place to strengthen Singaporeans' information literacy skills, such as the National Library Board's Source, Understand, Research, Evaluate (SURE) programme. Equally important is the strength of our social fabric. The Government invests heavily in community building initiatives. Our "we first" approach reflects this commitment – when Singaporeans feel a strong sense of belonging and trust in one another, they are better equipped to critically assess narratives that may strain our social cohesion. We will continue to monitor our information space closely and shape a Singapore society that remains well-informed, cohesive and resilient during peacetime and crises.
Findings from 2020 Pilot to Remove CCA Selection Trials›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 226w
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Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat60 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education (a) what have been the findings of the 2020 pilot to remove CCA selection trials; (b) how many schools have adopted the no-trial model; and (c) whether the Ministry will require schools to offer both recreational and competitive CCA tiers so that students wishing to participate for leisure and development are not excluded by selection.
Mr Desmond Lee166 words
[+9 sentences]The Co-Curricular Activities (CCA) are an integral part of a holistic education aimed at developing our students' character, skills and values. The primary schools in the pilot study were able to allocate students to their CCA choices without selection trials. Today, about two-thirds of primary schools do not conduct CCA selection trials. Most of the remaining schools conduct trials only for a few CCAs that are oversubscribed, keeping the enrolment manageable to ensure a quality learning experience for students. Schools customise their CCA offerings to best fit their student profiles and available resources. Many already provide recreational options. Schools also work with SportSG to provide additional recreational sports opportunities, such as the Sports Education Programme and the recently launched School Sports Fiesta, as enrichment beyond regular CCAs. Students also have many opportunities to learn and play a range of sports during Physical Education classes and during unstructured play at recess. We will continue to strengthen our CCA system, to ensure meaningful development opportunities for all students.
Placement of GCE "O" Level Private Candidates in Junior Colleges›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 229w
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Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim66 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Education (a) whether Singaporeans who are private candidates for the GCE O-Level examinations are disadvantaged in their allocation to junior colleges if they do not participate in the Joint Admissions Exercise (JAE); and (b) whether the Ministry can assure candidates who secure sufficient points for junior college admission that they are able to enroll in one, even without participating in the JAE.
Mr Desmond Lee163 words
[+6 sentences]The Joint Admissions Exercise (JAE) is open to all GCE O-level certificate holders, including private candidates, who meet the age requirements and eligibility criteria. Candidates are treated the same under the JAE, based on the prevailing posting framework whether they are school or private candidates. However, those who were previously admitted to a course in Junior College (JC), Millenia Institute, polytechnic or the Institute of Technical Education can only apply for courses in other institution types when they participate in subsequent JAE. We encourage candidates seeking admission to a JC to participate in the JAE. Under the JAE, all candidates who are eligible for JC and select a JC course as their first choice will be posted to a JC with remaining vacancies if they are unsuccessful in all their course choices. Those who meet the JC eligibility criteria but do not participate in the JAE can apply directly to a JC but will be limited to any remaining places after the JAE.
Concentration of Trades in Shophouses along Geylang Road›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 140w
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written-answer-na-22100
Ms Diana Pang Li Yen64 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for National Development (a) what Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) planning criteria govern the permitted uses and concentration of trades in shophouses along Geylang Road, including massage, Traditional Chinese Medicine, hair salons and pubs; and (b) whether URA will review and tighten such restrictions to manage the impact in buildings where structural limits to soundproofing have led to complaints of chronic disturbance.
Mr Chee Hong Tat76 words
[+3 sentences]The shophouses along Geylang Road are zoned Commercial and Hotel in the Master Plan, where shop uses, such as hair salons and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) clinics, are permitted. Geylang is designated as an exclusion area where new public entertainment uses, such as pubs, bars, nightclubs, karaoke lounges and massage establishments, that require SPF licences are not permitted. This is to mitigate disturbances and safeguard the amenity of surrounding developments caused by these public entertainment uses.
Proposal for Singular Queue Number and Booking Appointment to Select Two Units Concurrently under Family Care Scheme (Joint Balloting)›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 191w
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written-answer-na-22101
Mr David Hoe63 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for National Development (a) whether HDB will consider assigning parent and child applicants a single joint queue number and one booking appointment to select two units concurrently under the Family Care Scheme (Joint Balloting); and (b) if not, what alternative measures can HDB introduce to avoid scenarios where one party cannot secure a unit due to their queue number assigned.
Mr Chee Hong Tat128 words
[+6 sentences]The Family Care Scheme (FCS) (Joint Balloting) allows parents and their children, married or single, to jointly apply for two units in the same Build-To-Order project. This scheme replaced the previous Multi-Generation Priority Scheme (MGPS) from the October 2025 sales exercise. Under MGPS, successful parent-child pairs received a single queue number and could only book from a list of pre-identified units, which sometimes may not match their preferences. The current FCS (Joint Balloting) provides applicants with greater choice. Successful parent-child pairs will each receive a distinct queue number and can select from all available units during their respective booking appointments. On a case-by-case basis, the Housing and Development Board is prepared to exercise flexibility for applicants who face limited choices towards the end of the flat booking exercise.
Effect of Rising Geopolitical Tensions, Climate Volatility and Export Restrictions on Strategies in Singapore Food Story 2.0›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 165w
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written-answer-na-22102
Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin31 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment how rising geopolitical tensions, climate volatility and export restrictions have informed the design of the Global Partnerships pillar under Singapore Food Story 2.0.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien134 words
[+7 sentences]With climate change and geopolitical developments, food supply chains increasingly face fragmentation and disruption. The Global Partnerships pillar under the Singapore Food Story 2.0 recognises the need for Singapore to increase cooperation with countries to strengthen resilience of food trade. Partnerships manifest in various ways, such as trade facilitation or information sharing. A recent example would be the two memorandum agreements on rice trade signed with Vietnam and Thailand last year. These agreements promote rice trade between our countries and provide an avenue for Singapore to activate additional rice supplies when needed. As another example, Singapore and Brunei will be undertaking a joint feasibility study on the establishment of a Brunei-Singapore Agri-Tech Food Zone. The study will explore how both countries can leverage our respective strengths to enhance agri-food trade and food supply resilience.
Implication of Aquaculture Plan on Singapore Food Story 2.0›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 118w
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written-answer-na-22103
Ms Nadia Ahmad Samdin25 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment how the aquaculture plan launched at the end of 2024 fits into the Singapore Food Story 2.0.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien93 words
[+4 sentences]The refreshed Singapore Aquaculture Plan (SAP) is a collaborative effort among various stakeholders, that is, Government agencies, academia, industry and nature groups, to co-create a living blueprint to uplift Singapore's aquaculture sector. It supports the Grow Local pillar of the Singapore Food Story 2.0. Key initiatives under the SAP include the National Broodstock Centre (NBC) and Hatchery Development and Recognition Programme (HDRP). The NBC supplies genetically superior eggs that have higher grow-out rates and are free from key production diseases, and commercial hatcheries under the HDRP raises the eggs into fingerlings for farming.
Cross-agency Programmes to Deal with High Exposure to Adverse Weather Risks for Different Economic Sectors›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 272w
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Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye61 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment in view of the Aviation Meteorological Programme launched by CAAS and NEA in December 2025 (a) whether similar cross-agency programmes are being considered for sectors with high exposure to adverse weather risks, such as construction and maritime; and (b) whether such programmes can strengthen workplace safety for workers exposed to adverse weather risks.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien211 words
[+8 sentences]Government agencies work together to address the impacts of adverse weather on various stakeholders. For example, the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment and the National Environment Agency launched a Heat Stress Advisory in July 2023 to help the public make more informed decisions on undertaking prolonged outdoor activities. This was developed in consultation with the Ministry of Health's expert panel. The Meteorological Service Singapore (MSS) will continue to collaborate with agencies to manage the impacts of adverse weather. Besides the Aviation Meteorological Programme which focuses on addressing weather-related impacts on the aviation sector, MSS works with various stakeholders, such as the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) and the Ministry of Manpower, to identify weather-related challenges. To address these challenges, MSS launched the Climate and Weather Research Alliance Singapore (CAWRAS) in September last year to advance research and development in this area. CAWRAS will leverage technological advancements, such as high-resolution modelling and artificial intelligence to enhance weather prediction capabilities for downstream users to mitigate weather-related risks and optimise decision-making in weather-dependent sectors. This includes providing more timely and localised weather information to manage adverse weather risks for workers, and supporting MPA's Port Operations Control Centres by providing vessel traffic information services to ensure safety of navigation and port operations.
Study and Mitigation of Midge Population Problem at Bedok Reservoir since November 2025›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 190w
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Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song65 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the midge population at Bedok Reservoir from since November 2025 is larger compared to previous years; (b) whether studies have been conducted on midge resistance to current biological larvicides; (c) whether there are plans to rotate chemical controls; and (d) what is the measurable effectiveness of LED diversion in reducing midge counts in residential units.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien125 words
[+7 sentences]The midge population at Bedok Reservoir in the period from November 2025 to January 2026 is higher compared to previous years. The Public Utilities Board's (PUB's) data shows that the current biological larvicide remains effective. PUB, thus, does not have plans to rotate its chemical controls. In response to the higher midge population in this period, PUB has increased the application of biological larvicide and the frequency of fogging. Light-emitting diode (LED) spotlights concentrate the midges which allows for more targeted fogging. For this reason, LED spotlights remain a useful part of the suite of measures, even though PUB has not been able to quantify their effectiveness. PUB will continue to monitor the midge situation at our reservoirs closely and review the measures as needed.
Data on Amount and Destinations for Recyclables Collected from Blue Recycling Bins›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 196w
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Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong59 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) what proportion of recyclables from the blue recycling bins have been exported in 2025; (b) which are the primary destination countries; and (c) what robust verification measures are in place to ensure that such exported recyclables are legitimately recycled and not subjected to overseas dumping or rejection by host countries.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien137 words
[+4 sentences]Metal, paper, glass and plastics make up the majority of the recyclables collected from blue recycling bins. Over the past years, we estimate that about 90% of these recyclables from the blue bins have been exported, mainly to other Asian countries. In line with our obligations under the Basel Convention, Singapore has put in place controls which ensure that the export of hazardous wastes and certain controlled non-hazardous recyclables, such as mixed plastic waste, can only take place with consent from the importing country, which confirms that the importing country is able to manage the waste in an environmentally sound manner. For the export of recyclables that are not covered by the Basel Convention, such as sorted streams of metals, paper and glass, companies would have to adhere to the relevant domestic regulations of the importing country.
Channelling of Additional Charge Collected under Beverage Container Return Scheme›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 241w
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Assoc Prof Jamus Jerome Lim62 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment (a) whether the additional 10-cent-per-bottle charge under the NEA-led Beverage Container Return Scheme is channelled to beverage producers to help offset the costs of collecting and recycling empty containers; and (b) why no such cost offset is provided to (i) NEA for funding reverse vending machines and (ii) town councils for utilities costs incurred.
Ms Grace Fu Hai Yien179 words
[+7 sentences]The National Environment Agency (NEA) has licensed Beverage Container Return Scheme Limited (BCRS Ltd) to operate the Beverage Container Return Scheme. BCRS Ltd is an industry-led, not-for-profit company incorporated by a consortium of beverage producers. BCRS Ltd is responsible for the collection and recycling of returned beverage containers. This includes leasing and deploying Reverse Vending Machines (RVMs), managing the logistics of collecting the empty containers and making payments to partners, such as town councils, for utility costs incurred by the RVMs. The scheme operator is funded through the producer fees it collects and through the sale of recyclables collected. The 10 cents charge per bottle referred to by the Member would be the deposit refundable to consumers who return the empty bottles to the RVMs under the scheme. Members may wish to refer to the combined reply made on 3 February 2026 when the Scheme was discussed extensively. [Please refer to "Mitigating Cost Impact on Customers with Beverage Container Return Scheme's Roll-out in April 2026", Official Report, 3 February 2026, Vol 96, Issue 15, Oral Answers to Questions section.]
Higher Income Tax Payments following Change from Percentage-based to Fixed-dollar Working Mother's Child Relief›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 293w
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Mr Kenneth Tiong Boon Kiat73 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) based on the Year of Assessment (YA) 2025 data, how many working mothers with children born from 2024 paid higher income tax following change from percentage-based to fixed-dollar Working Mother's Child Relief; (b) what is the projected additional tax revenue over the next decade as the affected cohort grows; and (c) whether this projected revenue is consistent with the objective of encouraging higher-order births.
Ms Indranee Rajah220 words
[+8 sentences]The Working Mother's Child Relief (WMCR) is part of a broader package to support Singaporeans in their marriage and parenthood journey. We have over the years significantly increased financial support, such as the Baby Bonus Cash Gift and the Child Development Account First Step Grant, and enhanced parental leave provisions. We also introduced the new Shared Parental Leave scheme and the Large Families Scheme last year. All in, we expect these initiatives to cost the Government close to $7 billion in Financial Year (FY) 2026, up from over $4 billion in FY2020. About 9,500 working mothers paid higher income tax in Year of Assessment 2025 than they would have under the old WMCR basis. The change in basis of the WMCR to a fixed dollar relief was to provide equal support for children of the same child order regardless of the mother's income, which improves the progressivity of our support. We are unable to project the additional tax revenue from the WMCR change over the next 10 years, as this is dependent on many variables that could change over time, such as the working mother's income, the other qualifying reliefs and number of children she may eventually have. However, we expect the cost of the marriage and parenthood initiatives to far exceed any additional tax revenue from the WMCR change.
Assessment of IPS Finding that Policy Language may Portray Citizens as Recipients of Government Generosity Rather Than Stakeholders›Written Answers to Questions for Oral Answer Not Answered by End of Question Time2 turns · 202w
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Ms He Ting Ru69 words
[+1 sentence]asked the Prime Minister and Minister for Finance (a) what is the Ministry’s position on a finding by the Institute of Policy Studies in January 2026 that policy language may portray citizens as recipients of Government generosity rather than stakeholders; (b) what proportion of Government benefits are framed as tax-funded entitlements versus discretionary handouts; and (c) whether the Ministry will consider reframing its policy language to acknowledge citizens' contributions.
Mr Jeffrey Siow133 words
[+7 sentences]The Institute of Policy Studies' study suggested that Government communications can do more to recognise the contributions of citizens and affirm their role as stakeholders. The Ministry of Finance agrees and will continue to highlight this in our communications, as well as support initiatives that provide more opportunities for active citizen participation. At the same time, our communications must remain clear about the nature and intent of Government support, including the benefits provided to Singaporeans across different stages of life. All support measures are funded by tax and other revenues. Many are permanent, structural schemes that provide sustained support. Others are deliberately time-bound, so that we can review their design and ensure they remain relevant and effective. Only a small proportion of measures – about 5% in the FY2025 Budget – are one-off.
Clarification by Senior Minister of State for Health›Correction by Written Statement3 turns · 378w
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Speaker not recorded36 words
[+1 sentence][(proc text) The following reply was provided by the Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) during Question Time for Question No 1 at the Parliament Sitting of 12 February 2026: (proc text)]
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon)215 words
[+7 sentences]e have enhanced the electronic health declaration card, which is part of the SG Arrival Card. In this format, if the arriving individual, clicks yes on the SG Arrival Card to any of the symptoms, then there will be a prompt to enter the previous travel destination, and that would include the West Bengal region as well. But if the person clicks no to any of the symptoms, then he would not be prompted for any travel destinations that we are monitoring. So, it is to make sure that there are no excessive compliance needs on the individual submitting the information card to make it seamless. At the same time, we do not want to end up having over-declaration for those with no symptoms. [Please refer to "Health Screenings for Those from Countries with High-risk of Nipah Virus, and Healthcare Advisories to Doctors and Public", Official Report, 12 February 2026, Vol 96, Issue 17, Oral Answers to Questions section.] I wish to make the following factual correction to my statement made during Question Time for Question No 1 at the Sitting on 12 February 2026. My statement should read as follows:
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon)127 words
[+5 sentences]e have enhanced the electronic health declaration card, which is part of the SG Arrival Card. In this format, if the arriving individual, clicks yes on the SG Arrival Card to any of the symptoms, then there will be a prompt to enter the previous travel destination, and that would include the West Bengal region as well. But if the person clicks no to any of the symptoms, then he would not be prompted for any travel destinations, except those that we are already monitoring. So, it is to make sure that there are no excessive compliance needs on the individual submitting the information card to make it seamless. At the same time, we do not want to end up having over-declaration for those with no symptoms.
Clarification by Senior Minister of State for Health›Correction by Written Statement3 turns · 337w
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Speaker not recorded36 words
[+1 sentence][(proc text) The following reply was provided by the Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon) during Question Time for Question No 2 at the Parliament Sitting of 12 February 2026: (proc text)]
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon)189 words
[+5 sentences]Nonetheless, we have stepped up our national posture and issued out alerts to healthcare practitioners, institutions, as well as tighten some of the monitoring at our migrant worker onboarding centre to make sure that we keep our borders under some observation. For any incoming individuals who may have symptoms, to take proactive actions to contain, to isolate and also to give them supportive care if necessary; and at the same time, also to help them to monitor their symptoms within the first 14 days of arrival in Singapore, for example. So, we are adopting a cautious posture, but looking for vaccine target at this moment is premature. I wish to make the following factual correction to my statement made during Question Time for Question No 2 at the Sitting on 12 February 2026. My statement should read as follows:
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon)112 words
[+3 sentences]Nonetheless, we have stepped up our national posture and issued out alerts to healthcare practitioners, institutions, as well as tighten some of the monitoring at our migrant worker onboarding centre to make sure that we keep our borders under some observation. For any incoming individuals who may have symptoms, to take proactive actions to contain, to isolate and also to give them supportive care if necessary; and at the same time, also to advised them to monitor for symptoms if they had been in at-risk areas 14 days prior to arrival in Singapore, for example. So, we are adopting a cautious posture, but looking for vaccine target at this moment is premature.
Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) (Amendment) and Other Matters Bill›Second Reading Bills25 turns · 13,818w
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bill-785recorded 2026-03-06
Mr Speaker7 words
[+1 sentence]Senior Minister of State Koh Poh Koon.
The Senior Minister of State for Health (Dr Koh Poh Koon)1140 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, on behalf of the Minister for Health and Coordinating Minister for Social Policies, I move, "That the Bill be now read a Second Time". On 1 September 2025, the Government launched a coordinated response to enhance the enforcement approach towards vaping, due to the emergence of etomidate-laced vaporisers or "Kpods".[+17 sentences] In the past, cigarette smoking and drug abuse were two separate issues. But vaporisers have changed that. It is no longer just about nicotine. People are using vaporisers to abuse etomidate or even other more serious controlled drugs. This makes vaporisers a bridge between these two worlds, creating new challenges in vaping enforcement and health protection. Hence, the Ministry of Health (MOH) worked closely with the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and other agencies to leverage existing legislation to develop a new regime for enforcement, rehabilitation and education. Specifically, as our existing laws, particularly the Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act and Poisons Act, are not designed for such enforcement actions, we temporarily listed etomidate and its analogues as Class C controlled drugs in the Misuse of Drugs Act (MDA). I will refer to these substances collectively as “etomidate”. We then used legislative levers in the Poisons Act to take action against first-time etomidate vaporiser offenders as well as repeat offenders under the MDA. It was not ideal, but we made it work. In gist, this is how the enforcement system works today, since September 2025. First, we imposed much tougher penalties for those who illegally import, sell, supply or traffic etomidate – enabled by listing etomidate as a controlled drug under the MDA. Second, we created a rapid escalation of actions against etomidate vaporiser users. First-time offenders are required to attend rehabilitation, in lieu of prosecution for illegal possession of etomidate under the Poisons Act. Those who default on the rehabilitation are prosecuted under the Poisons Act and may be subject to a custodial sentence. Third, repeat etomidate vaporiser offenders are placed under mandatory urine-test supervision, or detained in the Drug Rehabilitation Centre (DRC), under the MDA. Finally, we also introduced a new rehabilitation requirement for repeat vaporiser users, bearing in mind that vaping is harmful, even if does not contain psychoactive substances like etomidate. Over the past six months, we have caught more than 5,100 persons for vaporiser-related offences. Of these, more than one in 10, or 593, are etomidate vaporiser users.[+2 sentences] Among the offenders placed on rehabilitation, 42 defaulted their rehabilitation – of which one has been convicted and imprisoned and the rest will be charged. Seventy offenders have completed their rehabilitation programmes, with four youth offenders re-offending after their completion. These past six months have been critical, not just for enforcement, but also to consolidate lessons from our enforcement experience and review our laws. We are now ready to put in place a new law, which will not only prohibit vaporisers, but will also allow for enforcement against the abuse of etomidate and potentially other psychoactive substances through such delivery devices in the future.[+23 sentences] The new law is built upon the existing Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act, which will be broadened and strengthened. Let me walk Members through the key changes. First, we are renaming the Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act to the Tobacco and Vaporisers Control Act (TVCA). This reflects the broader mandate and coverage of the new law. Second, we have updated the categories of prohibited products under the TVCA. One, tobacco products, such as cigarettes, that contain any prescribed substances, or contain or emit substances exceeding prescribed limits. For example, this includes cigarettes whose emissions contain nicotine or tar in excess of the prescribed limits. The TVCA calls these "section 14 tobacco products". Two, various types of prohibited tobacco products such as smokeless tobacco and heated tobacco products, and their components too. The TVCA calls these "section 15 tobacco products". Three, vaporisers and their components. And four, other imitation tobacco products that are not already covered by the other sections I mentioned above, and their components. This allows us to future-proof our legislation, ensuring that new products that resemble any existing tobacco product or may be used to mimic the act of smoking, will be prohibited. Future-proofing is important, especially given that the tobacco industry has been introducing new products to circumvent tobacco control regulations. One example is products containing nicotine analogues, which will be considered a tobacco product moving forward, and can be prohibited under the TVCA. To be clear, products in all four categories are already prohibited currently under the Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act. When I say “prohibited”, I am referring to the entire supply ecosystem. Hence, under the Bill, we are making it clear that giving, transporting, sending or delivering these prohibited products within Singapore, offering to do any of these acts and possessing such products for the purpose of doing any of these acts, are prohibited. Third, in addition to the four categories, “Specified Psychoactive Substances” (SPS) will also come under the scope of the TVCA. These are substances or products that will be specified in a new Schedule, provided for in clause 23, being substances and products that can cause a psychoactive effect when consumed, and are also abused or likely to be abused by using a tobacco product, vaporiser or imitation tobacco product. Etomidate, currently under the MDA, will be listed in this new Schedule. Concurrently, etomidate will be removed from the MDA. The Minister for Health can amend this Schedule by order in the Gazette. The TVCA will focus on SPS, while the MDA will continue to govern the abuse of controlled drugs, including those abused through vaporisers or tobacco products. Hence, controlled drugs will not be included in this Schedule under the TVCA.[+1 sentence] The TVCA introduces two presumptions to do with the nature of SPS. One, a rebuttable presumption that such substances have a psychoactive effect when consumed. Two, for prosecution purposes, a person is deemed to have the knowledge that a product or substance is an SPS as long as the person knows that the SPS has a psychoactive effect when consumed.[+3 sentences] The person does not need to know the name or chemical composition of the SPS. These provisions mirror sections 22A and 22B of the MDA. Fourth, we are consolidating the enforcement levers under various pieces of legislation today, under the TVCA. Stiffer penalties will be applied to offences related to the products I just described – prohibited products, as well as tobacco products, vaporisers and imitation tobacco products containing SPS, that is, SPS products.[+2 sentences] The offences and penalties for importing, supplying or abusing SPS products are similar to those in the MDA, to ensure similar level of deterrence. Mr Speaker, with your permission, may I ask the Clerks to distribute a handout that summarises the changes in legislative penalties for key offences.
Mr Speaker13 words
[+1 sentence]Yes, go ahead.
Dr Koh Poh Koon1633 words
[+1 sentence]Members may also access these materials through the MP@SGPARL App. As Members can see on the handouts, individuals who supply SPS products will face two to 10 years imprisonment term and two to five strokes of the cane. Those who import these products will face stiffer penalties – three to 20 years imprisonment term and five to 15 strokes of the cane. And those caught possessing or purchasing such products, or consuming SPS, if prosecuted, can be liable to a fine of up to $20,000, or imprisonment for up to 10 years, or both.[+26 sentences] On the offence of consuming SPS, I would also like to highlight that although one of the Ministry of Health’s (MOH’s) criteria for listing a substance or product as an SPS is that it is abused or is likely to be abused by using a tobacco product, vaporiser or imitation tobacco product, the consumption offence is not confined to a specific mode. This means that once a substance or product is listed as an SPS, even if an individual abuses the SPS through means other than a vaporiser, tobacco product or imitation tobacco product, for example, in its liquid form or through a patch, they can still be dealt with under the TVCA. Like the MDA, it will be an offence for Singapore Citizens and Permanent Residents to consume SPS overseas. This deters locals from going abroad to feed their addiction to evade enforcement in Singapore. We have also introduced new offences to better protect our young people and children, again drawing from the MDA. Section 19G targets adults who, being in possession of SPS products, first, knowingly or recklessly leave them where children can access them, or second, do not take reasonable steps to prevent the use of SPS products by young persons. These adults are liable to imprisonment for up to 10 years for the first offence and imprisonment for two to 10 years for repeat offences. Section 19H addresses adults who involve young or vulnerable persons in importing or supplying SPS products. These adults are liable to imprisonment for four to 20 years and four to 15 strokes of the cane. Section 19I makes it an offence to arrange or plan gatherings where SPS products are used or supplied. Those found guilty are liable to imprisonment for two to 10 years and up to five strokes of the cane. Sir, rehabilitation is the main intervention implemented by MOH for etomidate vaporiser offenders. Today, this is effected in lieu of prosecution under Poisons Act. We will now provide for specific powers for the Chief Executive of the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) to order community-based rehabilitation and institutional treatment and rehabilitation under the TVCA. A community-based rehabilitation order can be made as long as the Chief Executive has grounds to believe that an individual has consumed an SPS. Such grounds of belief could arise from, for example, observation of an individual behaving erratically or appearing disoriented who is also found in possession of an SPS product; or an individual testing positive for SPS in their urine or hair; or admission by an individual that they have consumed SPS. Aside from SPS consumption, community-based rehabilitation can also be ordered for individuals who use vaporisers or section 15 tobacco products, based on observation of use, say, by an enforcement officer, or an admission of use. As per our current practice, rehabilitation will only be ordered for repeat offenders, to support them to quit vaping. The Chief Executive can also require individuals subject to community-based rehabilitation orders to comply with other requirements, like undergoing urine or hair tests. Non-compliance can result in prosecution. Besides community-based rehabilitation at the Institute of Mental Health and social service agencies, the Chief Executive can also, under section 19U, order institutional treatment and rehabilitation in the DRC, for re-offending cases of SPS consumption. The Chief Executive can also require certain persons, such as those discharged from DRC after treatment and rehabilitation for SPS consumption, to provide urine or hair samples to check if they are still consuming SPS. Those who do not comply can be prosecuted. Finally, we will enhance penalties for offences involving section 15 tobacco products, vaporisers and imitation tobacco products. Mr Speaker, while etomidate vaporisers triggered the recent escalation in enforcement efforts, the majority of offenders we have caught are actually users of vaporisers that do not contain etomidate. We are therefore significantly increasing the penalties for offences involving these products to strengthen deterrence. For purchase, use and possession, the maximum fine will be increased from $2,000 to $10,000.[+6 sentences] The enhanced penalties are coupled with the new powers to order rehabilitation, so that those who need help to quit can receive support. For offences involving the import of vaporisers or section 15 tobacco products, we are introducing mandatory imprisonment for up to nine years, and additionally, offenders may face a fine of up to $300,000. For offences involving the sale or supply, including possession for the purpose of sale or supply, of these products, offenders will face mandatory imprisonment for up to six years, and additionally, may face a fine of up to $200,000. For offences involving the sale, supply or import of imitation tobacco products, the penalties will be increased to a fine of up to $100,000, or imprisonment of up to three years, or both for first-time offences; and a fine of up to $200,000, or imprisonment for up to six years, or both for repeat offences. We will also be introducing new statutory presumptions and offences to further strengthen our controls and enforcement on the supply chain. Rebuttable presumptions relating to possession and knowledge of the nature of prohibited products under the new sections 14 to 16A and SPS products will be introduced, along with similar presumptions in relation to vehicles and trailers in which such products are found. For example, with the new presumption under section 16C, if vaporisers are found in a vehicle entering Singapore, the driver of that vehicle will be presumed to be in possession of the vaporisers, and cannot avoid legal liability by simply claiming ignorance that the vaporisers are present in the vehicle.[+3 sentences] This will address the current challenge where most of the illegal operations bringing vaporisers and other prohibited products into Singapore are run from overseas, and it is extremely difficult for our enforcement authorities to obtain the evidence needed to prove that the suspect knew about the presence of the products found in their vehicles. Similar presumption clauses are also found in the MDA. HSA has uncovered several cases of illegal vaporiser operations in warehouses and storage units. The largest warehouse seizure exceeded 400,000 vaporisers and components, worth more than $5 million in street value.[+1 sentence] These are often cases where offenders rented storage units to run their illegal operations. Under the new section 18A, introduced by clause 10, it is an offence for owners and occupiers of land, buildings and places to allow other individuals to store prohibited products in these spaces.[+4 sentences] To avoid liability, the owner or occupier must have exercised due care to prevent such storage from happening. This may involve: conducting proper background checks on tenants, including asking them for uses of their storage spaces; explicit clauses in tenancy agreements on prohibited activities; conducting ad hoc inspections and so on. HSA will publish a handbook of best practices that owners and occupiers can refer to. The intent is to allow us to take action against owners or occupiers who allow or turn a blind eye towards storage of such illegal products in their premises for supply and distribution purposes. To facilitate enforcement, particularly against importers and suppliers of prohibited products, we are also introducing new powers to seize vehicles and trailers reasonably suspected of being used, or is intended to be used in connection with committing an offence under the TVCA, and to seize cash that is reasonably suspected to be evidence that a TVCA offence has been committed.[+15 sentences] While vaping is prohibited, some continue to do so in public settings, for example in night clubs, bars and pubs. Under clause 12, we are imposing obligations on owners and occupiers of specified premises to take certain actions when they find someone in possession of or using any section 15 tobacco product, vaporiser or imitation tobacco product. The Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act imposes similar obligations. The TVCA will spell out the steps which owners and occupiers of specified premises will be required to carry out, such as telling the offending individual to stop or leave the premises and seeking HSA's assistance if necessary. As a start, specified premises will include discotheques, pubs, bars, lounges and night clubs. These are entertainment venues where people often gather and where we have seen vaping incidents occur. HSA has already been working with some of these operators on anti-vaping measures in their premises, like putting up anti-vaping signages, and we are thankful for their cooperation. HSA will continue to work closely with the operators to comply with this new requirement, creating a safer environment for patrons. There are several related and consequential amendments to several other pieces of legislation, such as the Poisons Act, MDA, Civil Defence Act, Merchant Shipping Act, and Road Traffic Act, to align to the TVCA. I will not elaborate here. Sir, this Bill represents our commitment to protect public health, particularly against vaporisers, and to deter those who would undermine it. It consolidates the lessons we have learned over the last six months. With this Bill, we will move from temporary measures into a more structured approach, embedded in our legal framework, that can address current challenges and provides flexibility to respond to future trends. I urge Members of the House to support the Bill. Mr Speaker, I beg to move.
Mr Yip Hon Weng (Yio Chu Kang)1208 words
[+30 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, in 1898, a German pharmaceutical company introduced a product it described as a scientific breakthrough. It was marketed as a non-addictive substitute for morphine and as a remedy for coughs, even for children. It was sold openly in pharmacies. It was endorsed by doctors. It was regarded as modern medicine. It was called heroin. Few imagined then that what was promoted as relief would soon become synonymous with addiction. By the time governments recognised the harm, dependency had already entered homes across continents. The tragedy was not that society refused to act. It was that society understood too late. History teaches us something sobering. Harm does not always look like vice. Sometimes it arrives packaged as innovation. Today, it does not come in glass bottles. It comes in sleek vaporisers and small pods designed to resemble pens and highlighters. It does not sit behind pharmacy counters. It appears on messaging apps. For many residents in our estates, this is no longer abstract. Parents are discovering devices in schoolbags. Teachers are noticing changes in behaviour. Neighbours are raising complaints about vaping in void decks and playgrounds. I support this Bill. It is necessary. But residents will judge it not by how severe its penalties are, but by whether it truly protects families and restores confidence on the ground. As the Deputy Chair of the Government Parliamentary Committee (GPC) for Health, I believe we must ensure that this legislation is not only tough, but properly calibrated, proportionate and effective in practice. I have several clarifications. First, Mr Speaker, Sir, are we protecting our youths in a way that is firm, fair and effective? As a father of five children, I do not approach this as an abstract policy issue. I think about exposure, influence and consequence. I ask whether the system will respond proportionately if a young person makes a mistake. The Bill introduces a new category of products containing SPS, with penalties aligned to the MDA.[+15 sentences] That seriousness is understandable. However, while the Bill speaks of treatment and rehabilitation, we must balance deterrence against vaporiser use, which disproportionately appeals to youths, with offences now benchmarked against the MDA. Are we calibrating this appropriately for a problem that may involve young offenders who may not know or fully appreciate what they are consuming? The Bill introduces presumptions of possession and knowledge. In reality, youths share devices. Some may be misled. What charging guidance will distinguish deliberate abuse from peer pressure or deception? How will discretion be exercised for first-time cases? While deterrence is important, we must ask whether mandatory imprisonment for young offenders may be counterproductive. Will custodial sentences reduce long-term harm, or entrench it? Next, measurable outcomes. What percentage reduction in youth cases is targeted within 12 to 24 months? Will reductions in school incidents and hospital presentations be publicly reported? Arrests are not outcomes. Seizures are not safety. On rehabilitation, community-based orders are introduced, with escalation to institutional treatment in DRCs for repeat offenders.[+13 sentences] What is the projected impact on DRC capacity? Do we have sufficient counsellors and officers? Will youths caught with psychoactive vapes be segregated from hardened drug offenders? We must also consider the long-term consequences of convictions. Will offences under this Act be treated as spent after a period? If not, how will criminal records affect education, employment and reintegration? If rehabilitation is our aim, youthful mistakes should not become lifelong barriers. The Bill also empowers urine, hair and oral fluid testing, with presumptions triggered upon positive results. What safeguards ensure laboratory accuracy and prevent wrongful penalisation? Finally, the Bill expands the definition of tobacco products to include nicotine analogues as a preemptive safeguard. Do we have the scientific capacity to detect emerging analogues quickly? Future-proofing must be operational, not merely legislative. Second, Mr Speaker, Sir, will residents see real change in their daily lives? Penalties for possession and use of vaporisers increase significantly, with fines up to $10,000.[+26 sentences] Import and supply now carry mandatory imprisonment. What evidence supports this calibration? How do we deter effectively without disproportionately burdening vulnerable youths? A $10,000 fine may well be a manageable business expense for a lucrative syndicate. For a vulnerable youth, it can be life altering. We must distinguish between masterminds who profit and runners who were coerced or misled. The Bill also expands enforcement powers to search persons, seize vehicles and seize cash. What safeguards ensure proportional use of these powers? Residents experience enforcement in shared spaces. Will response times to estate complaints improve? Can measurable service benchmarks be set? Agencies prioritise syndicates, but residents see daily offences. Will other ground agencies such as the National Environment Agency (NEA), Land Transport Authority (LTA), Town Councils or NParks and so on be empowered to act against blatant vaping offences so enforcement is not overly centralised? On responsible persons, specified premises initially include public entertainment outlets. Will this scope expand? In residential areas, who bears responsibility? Will we be outsourcing enforcement to managing agents and security guards in condominiums? If so, will they understand their limits and obligations? Is notifying authorities sufficient or must responsible persons retain offenders? Will clear standard operational procedures (SOPs) and training be issued? The Bill also introduces liability for owners who allow storage without due diligence. What constitutes due diligence? Will clear guidance and safe harbour frameworks be provided? Strong laws must translate into visible confidence on the ground. Third, Mr Speaker, Sir, are we staying ahead of the market? The SPS Schedule is exhaustive. Etomidate and its analogues will be listed and delisted from the MDA.[+18 sentences] What is the timeline from detection to scheduling? Is there a defined service standard? Will structured horizon scanning and digital monitoring be institutionalised? We cannot fight a fast-moving market with slow-moving processes. On upstream disruption, are we moving beyond intelligence sharing to coordinated operations targeting production hubs? What international partnerships are being strengthened? The Bill also amends the Civil Defence Act, Merchant Shipping Act and Road Traffic Act, expanding liability for individuals under the influence of SPS. How will cross-agency enforcement be coordinated? Are frontline officers trained to detect SPS impairment? Unless we disrupt supply at its source, enforcement becomes cyclical. In conclusion, Mr Speaker, Sir, in 1898, heroin was sold as medicine. It was trusted. It was legal. By the time society realised the cost, addiction had taken root. But there is a difference between then and now. Then, they did not know. Today, we do. In this debate, I have asked three essential questions. First, are we protecting youths with measurable outcomes, fair safeguards and properly resourced rehabilitation? Second, will residents see visible enforcement, accountable powers and clarity on the ground? Third, are we staying ahead of evolving substances through rapid scheduling, predictive monitoring and upstream disruption? If we answer these well, this Bill will not merely add penalties. It will reduce exposure, restore confidence and protect families.[+8 sentences] The tragedy in 1898 was ignorance. The tragedy today would be hesitation. The device in a schoolbag does not have to become this generation's cough syrup. History warned others too late. It is warning us in time. As lawmakers, we carry that responsibility. And as a father, I take that responsibility to heart. With that resolve, Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Bill.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Ms He Ting Ru.
Ms He Ting Ru (Sengkang)1205 words
[+14 sentences]Mr Speaker, the renaming of the Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) Act, to the Tobacco and Vaporisers Control Act is symbolic of the Government's increased focus on tackling vaporisers, also known as vapes, which have seen increased usage over the past few years. The Bill notably increases the fine amounts for vape users, sellers and smugglers. While this is welcomed, given the proliferation of etomidate-laced vapes or "Kpods", I hope that enforcement efforts will provide users the opportunity to turn over a new leaf instead of inadvertently stigmatising them. This is especially pertinent as vaping is prevalent mainly amongst children and teens who have a long future ahead of them. The recent popularity of Kpods too has further added to the risk that our children are exposed to. This is especially so as our brains continue to develop way into our mid-20s and vape use is especially harmful to the prefrontal cortex. This means that the brain's neurocircuits end up being dysregulated. That is detrimental to attention, impulse control and mood. Vape and nicotine use is associated with dependence, mental health problems and use of other addictive substances. This is why even though enforcement checks in school to stamp out such behaviour are welcome, we must also be cautious about being overly punitive with our approach to prevent students from being unduly stigmatised. Instead, the focus has to be on giving them the opportunity and support to change. For instance, expelling or suspending a student might set them back academically, especially if they are already lagging behind their peers. Because vape and nicotine use is ultimately addictive and causes brain changes, it should be treated as a chronic relapsing disease that may require multiple quit attempts. Therefore, I hope that the Government exercises understanding to its victims and abusers of vapes, whose lives and livelihoods are upended. On the other hand, we must clamp down heavily on those who profit off the vape trade. Hence, different penalty regimes and the move to impose a fine of up to $200,000 and six years' jail for vape sellers is one which I support wholeheartedly.[+14 sentences] Mr Speaker, aside from imposing bans and handing out fines for vaping, we must also be cognisant that solely relying on enforcement might not sufficiently address underlying systemic factors that result in people turning to vapes. A 2012 study highlighted a lower socio-economic status and associating education level was associated with a higher prevalence of smoking and nicotine addiction. Although it seems unrelated at first glance, our efforts to stamp out vaping can be a socio-economic one. We can do so by ameliorating the undercurrents of inequality in our society. Aside from socio-economic factors, we should also aim to tackle or at least mitigate the psychological vicious circle that connects vaping and poor mental health. A New Zealand study found that people who did not smoke or vape were 40% more likely to do so if they are experiencing mental distress. However, vaping does not provide the path of least resistance for someone who wishes to escape their circumstances. In fact, nicotine and vapes is associated with increased stress and anxiety. Vape users are also more likely to attempt suicide compared to non-users. This ultimately causes a vicious feedback loop that cycles users between poor mental health, vaping and back again. Although addressing mental health issues is targeted at a broader group, it has a knock-on effect of reducing the likelihood of people turning to vapes in the first place. Therefore, I hope that the Government could work to strengthen mental health support interventions, especially amongst children, to be much more accessible and age-appropriate. Even as we work to address vapes, we must also continue to play close attention to another societal health risk – smoking. The increased enforcement against vapes might inadvertently cause users, especially those who use it as a means to quit smoking, to shift back to cigarettes for their nicotine fix. Notably, this Bill's Second Reading comes at the heels of this year's Budget, where it was announced that tobacco excise duties were increased by 20% from 49.1 cents to 58.9 cents per cigarette. For financial year (FY) 2025, tobacco duties are expected to increase by over $92.9 million, compared to financial year 2023 when tobacco duties were last increased.[+6 sentences] Instead of viewing it as merely a sin tax, another revenue stream, I hope that the Government would explore more ways to use tobacco duties as a tool to tackle the negative externalities brought about by smoking to smokers, their loved ones and society at large. The health implications of smoking are well known. For smokers, these include the increased risk of cancer, heart disease and stroke. Their loved ones, who would likely be subjected to second-hand smoke, would experience an increased cancer and stroke risk. Meanwhile, people walking past smokers or the neighbours of smokers would likely be exposed to second-hand smoke and their associated risks while society at large would have to partially bear the cost of treating smoking-related health issues. This has grave implications for our public health. According to the Global Burden of Disease survey, some 66,000 disability-adjusted life years are lost per annum to smoking.[+5 sentences] The effect of nicotine on young brains, especially those under 25, are even more pronounced, given they are still not fully developed. This is why banning smoking for those aged 21 and below may simply not be enough. Mr Speaker, I therefore repeat our call to consider instituting a tobacco cohort ban. While the Government might write fully point out that New Zealand scrapped the ban in 2023, it was done so to subsidise tax cuts. Furthermore, although the country has legalised vapes as a tobacco cessation device, thus leading smokers to turn to vapes instead, targeting the tobacco cohort ban at people born after a certain year, when they are still young children, will significantly minimise the exposure to both tobacco and vapes. Although New Zealand may have made a U-turn, other countries such as the Maldives have also implemented a similar ban, with the United Kingdom (UK) seeking to implement a similar measure. Our smoking rate has dropped to an all-time low of 8.4%, in no small part due to the efforts of the Government and society at large.[+1 sentence] Nevertheless, I believe that we can and should do more. After all, if the authorities have the wherewithal to impose bans on chewable tobacco and vapes as well as leave the door open to a ban on flavoured tobacco products, I am confident that we can also move decisively to impose a smoking cohort ban, as I have previously mentioned during my Committee of Supply cut for MOH. I also hope that we can set out targets for complete smoking cessation over time as an end game that we can all work towards.[+2 sentences] Mr Speaker, while I am supportive of the Government's zero tolerance approach towards stamping out vapes, we should also be holistic and mindful of the socio-economic and even possibly psychological undercurrents that give rise to vaping. Moreover, our law should aim to rehabilitate and integrate rather than ostracise and stigmatise to curb smoking and vaping all together whilst preventing damages to lives and livelihoods.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Dr Hamid Razak.
Dr Hamid Razak (West Coast-Jurong West)1002 words
[+5 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of this Bill. It is timely, it is forward looking and it recognises a very simple reality – that the threat simply has changed. What we are dealing with today is not just cigarettes in the traditional sense. It is also vaporisers, lookalike products and substances that can be mixed, disguised and marketed at speed, especially online. And the people most at risk are our young. So, I welcome the direction of this Bill. It strengthens prevention upstream, it tightens controls where harm begins and it also provides a framework for early intervention and importantly, rehabilitation that is centred in the community, where I think that is the safer and wiser approach.[+36 sentences] My remarks would be phased in three parts: first, on prevention and youth protection; second, the balance between enforcement and rehabilitation; and third, ground implementation so that the law is workable, fair and consistent. First, on prevention and youth protection. Mr Speaker, Sir, prevention is not a slogan. It is a design choice. If we want to protect young people, we have to act early, before harmful patterns become habits, before curiosity becomes dependency and before experimentation becomes identity. This is why I support the Bill's upstream preventive stance, especially provisions that deal with behavioural gateways and imitation products. Because globally, we have seen how this plays out. Products are designed to look harmless, even trendy. Packaging is sleek. Flavours are sweet. Names are playful. Everything points to normalising the behaviour and then addiction becomes a problem. So, I support intervening early. But I want to ask about the "other half" of prevention. Laws and penalties matter. But so, too, does understanding. Many young people do not start because they want to intentionally break the law. They start because they underestimate the risk. They trust what they see online. There is a lack of information, there is peer pressure and they tell themselves, "Well, it is just a vape." So, my first clarification is this. Alongside enforcement, how the Ministry will ensure that there is preventive education and health literacy alongside and in a strong way? How will we then equip students and young people to recognise the risk early on? How will we support parents who may not even know what to look out for and how to start conversations with their young ones? How will we keep our messaging current, when products evolve so quickly? Because a strong preventive framework is not just regulation. It is also proactive, upstream education, delivered in a way that young people and their parents will actually receive and understand. If I may offer one standard to guide us, the test is not how many rules we have, but how fewer young people are trapped in the first place. Second, on enforcement and rehabilitation. Mr Speaker, Sir, I also welcome that the Bill is not only punitive. It recognises rehabilitation as part of public health and that matters. Because on the ground, we do see young offenders who are not hardened criminals. They made a poor decision. They followed the wrong crowd. They got pulled into a risky habit. And very often, they regret it deeply. They want and look for a way back. So, the inclusion of rehabilitative pathways, including community-based rehabilitation orders, is a very important and integral part of this amendment.[+11 sentences] But if we expand powers, we must also look to expand capacity. So, my second set of clarifications is about the scale and readiness. Will there be an increase in training supervising officers? Will counselling and psychosocial support services be expanded with these new pathways? How will community-based agencies be equipped to deliver effective rehabilitation programmes in a way that is structured, consistent and outcomes-oriented? Because rehabilitation is not just compassion. It is accountability coupled with support. It has to be credible. It has to work. Otherwise, we create churn where the system looks busy, but the outcomes do not improve. Next, on ground implementation and operational clarity. In Parliament, we can discuss and debate clauses, but on the ground, it comes down to people, processes and clarity. This Bill places duties on responsible persons of specified premises in relation to access controls, age checks and reporting obligations.[+4 sentences] These are important measures, but many smaller premises may not have the experience managing regulatory responsibilities of this nature, so I want to seek clarification on what operational guidance will be provided. Will there be practical tool kits, clear protocols, simple scripts for staff to use training for de-escalation so that they can comply with safety and be consistent about it? We should not put our frontline workers in a position where they must enforce rules without the support, and then face confrontation without adequate protection. Mr Speaker, Sir, there is also a second operational issue. Frontline enforcement officers will now operate in an environment where substances regulated under this act may coexist with substances governed under the MDA.[+10 sentences] In reality, an officer conducting a ground check may see a device, a liquid, a cartridge or a mixture. Decisions would need to be made quickly, so I ask how will enforcement agencies operationally distinguish between these categories of devices and substances, especially when they are doing their ground checks and when they need to respond rapidly? Clear differentiation matters for two reasons. First, it ensures proportional enforcement; and second, it can reduce confusion, both for the officers and the public. Mr Speaker, Sir, trust is built not just by good policy intent, but by how people experience the system. If rules are clear, processes are fair and officers are supported, enforcement would become more consistent and confidence in the system would increase. This Bill represents a careful and calibrated response to the growing public health challenge of vapes and smoking substances. It strengthens prevention. It tightens enforcement and it recognises for many, especially the young, early intervention and rehabilitation must be part of the process. With these remarks, Mr Speaker, I support the Bill.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Gerald Giam.
Mr Gerald Giam Yean Song (Aljunied)976 words
[+5 sentences]Mr Speaker, the Tobacco (Control of Advertisement and Sale) (Amendment) and Other Matters Bill marks a shift in our approach to drug-laced vaping and the persistent harm of tobacco smoking. Renaming the act to the Tobacco and Vaporises Control Act 1993 rightly reflects a focus on modern delivery systems for nicotine and psychoactive substances. I support the amendments in this Bill, which control the purchase, use, possession, import and supply of vaporisers and specified psychoactive substances. However, I would like to address in my speech the use of tobacco products in the form of smoking. Smoking remains a primary driver of preventable disease and death in Singapore. According to a Global Burden of Disease study in 2023, Singapore saw 2,043 deaths from tobacco and 660,152 disability adjusted life years, which are the years of life lost and years lived in disability.[+11 sentences] These statistics represent thousands of families whose lives are upended by chronic illness, disability and premature death. Our objective should not be to merely regulate a harmful habit, but to systematically dismantle the structures that allow it to persist in our society through successive generations. Crucially, the Bill broadens the regulatory landscape by amending the long title to explicitly include the control of tobacco product use. This transition from regulating commercial transactions to overseeing actual product usage provides a necessary legislative basis to address how these products impact the immediate environment of our residents. The expansion of smoking bans in public places could have unintentionally pushed smokers into their homes to light up. I have received numerous complaints from my residents about smoke drifting into their homes from nearby units. Currently, the authorities are only empowered to provide guidance to smokers to be more considerate. In response to a Parliamentary Question on 10 September 2024, by my hon friend, Assoc Prof Jamus Lim, the Minister for Sustainability and the Environment said that the exhalation of cigarette smoke to the open air outside of the Housing and Development Board (HDB) flat is not a violation of the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) regulations when the individual is smoking within the flat, as smoking is not prohibited in residential homes. While smoking within five metres of a of an HDB void deck is prohibited, smoking at home and blowing smoke in that same protected space is allowed. This highlights a gap in how we protect the air in and around our homes. Clause 37 of this Bill defines smoking as both inhaling and expelling of tobacco smoke. This specific focus on the expulsion of smoke suggests that the impact of these emissions on neighbouring units can fall within the Bill's regulatory ambit. I urge the Minister to utilise the powers under clause 21 to set standards for the use and emissions of tobacco products, ensuring that private enjoyment does not result in the involuntary consumption of secondary emissions by neighbours.[+3 sentences] Beyond residential smoking issues, we must move beyond managing the prevalence of smoking and start legislating for its eventual elimination for future generations. I reiterate my call from 5 March 2024 and echo my hon friend, Ms He Ting Ru, regarding a cohort tobacco ban. This would make it illegal to sell tobacco products to or for them to be used by anyone born after a specific year. This will ensure that younger generations of Singaporeans never start smoking, creating a smoke-free future for our children and our children's children.[+1 sentence] I would like to emphasise that this does not further restrict the smoking rights of existing smokers. I was glad to hear Minister of State Rahayu Mahzam say during the Committee of Supply debate on 5 March 2026 that the Government remains open to a cohort smoking ban and will study its effectiveness and how it can be applied to Singapore's context.[+7 sentences] I hope we can move forward on this expeditiously. In fact, a crackdown on vaping without equally aggressive cigarette controls risk inadvertently pushing our youths towards smoking. We would not want this Bill, which curbs vaping, to cause a resurgence in cigarette smoking by young people. Therefore, anti-vaping strategies, which I support, must be structurally linked to a definitive tobacco phase out. Next, we must examine the chemical composition of tobacco products on the market. Nicotine is the primary driver of smoking addiction, and by restricting its concentration, we can reduce the pharmacological hook that makes it so difficult to quit using these products. Under clause 6 of the Bill, which introduces the new section 14, the Minister is granted the power to set maximum allowable amounts for substances within tobacco products or their emissions. I urge the Minister to exercise the powers granted under clause 6 of the Bill to set a stringent cap on the nicotine yield in the smoke of all tobacco products. I understand that in the European Union and the UK, the maximum emission level is strictly limited, and the nicotine yield cannot exceed 1.0 milligrams per cigarette.[+8 sentences] Can I ask the Senior Minister of State what nicotine yield limit he intends to prescribe for this for Singapore under the new section 14? Finally, I hope the Government can also address the harm of second-hand smoking on the move. Even in non-prohibited outdoor areas, a smoker walking ahead of a crowd creates a smoke trail that everyone behind is forced to inhale. This requires greater public education and clearer guidelines on pedestrian etiquette and social responsibility. In summary, Mr Speaker, while this Bill provides the necessary tools to control vaporisers and psychoactive substances, we must take this opportunity to protect residents from second-hand smoke. We must pair enforcement with a tobacco cohort ban to meaningfully reduce our national disease burden. By addressing gaps in residential smoking and committing to a clear end game for tobacco, we can better safeguard the health of all Singaporeans. Mr Speaker, I support the Bill.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Dr Choo Pei Ling.
Dr Choo Pei Ling (Chua Chu Kang)740 words
[+10 sentences]Mr Speaker, what began as a so-called "safer alternative" has, in some cases, become something far more dangerous. This is no longer a debate about lifestyle. It is a public safety issue. Devices that resemble vaporisers are now being used to deliver psychoactive substances. What is marketed to youths as flavour and novelty can conceal sedation, dependency and real harm. When a device can fit in a pocket yet deliver chemical dependence, the state must respond clearly and decisively. I rise in strong support of the Bill. First, I support the move to future-proof our legislation. Industries innovate to evade regulation. If we regulate only what we already know, we will always be one step behind what arrives next. The expansion of definitions to capture nicotine analogues and the creation of a Specified Psychoactive Substances framework ensure that enforcement can respond swiftly as substances evolve.[+4 sentences] If enforcement is reactive, exploitation will be proactive. This architecture signals that Singapore intends to stay ahead of the curve, not chase it. Second, deterrence must be sharpest where harm is multiplied. Young users are visible, but organised importers and distributors are the engines of this problem. The strengthened penalties for import and supply, the presumptions preventing easy denial of knowledge and the duties placed on owners and occupiers to prevent storage and distribution draw a clear hierarchy of culpability.[+6 sentences] The law must be firmest where profit meets exploitation. Singapore is a trade and travel hub. We must anticipate concealment methods, storage networks and cross-border sourcing. Targeting upstream syndicates protects downstream youths. I would welcome the Senior Minister of State’s clarification on how agencies will prioritise dismantling organised supply networks and measure disruption of these channels, so that enforcement impact is visible and sustained. At the same time, deterrence alone cannot be the entire answer. Nicotine and psychoactive substance exposure affect impulse control and judgement, particularly in adolescents.[+1 sentence] Early experimentation can escalate quickly. I therefore welcome the structured rehabilitation orders introduced in this Bill, including community-based rehabilitation and family involvement.[+34 sentences] Enforcement stops the spread. Rehabilitation stops the cycle. The credibility of this framework will depend on timely and consistent implementation. For eligible first-time youth offenders, intervention must be swift, structured and supported by access to cessation and counselling pathways. I would be grateful if the Minister could elaborate on how agencies will ensure that diversion to rehabilitation is operationalised quickly, so that intervention is meaningful rather than delayed. Mr Speaker, in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): Mr Chairman, protecting youths is not just a matter of law enforcement; it is the responsibility of our entire society. Vaporisers today are no longer just nicotine products. Some have even become carriers of psychoactive substances. If a small device can subtly alter a young person's mind, we cannot afford to be complacent. We must come down hard on those who supply these products for profit. But we must also promptly intervene to help young people who have gone astray. Strict measures are to cut off the source. Care is to save the future. In Tengah, I often hear young parents say that their biggest worry is not fines, but whether their children, out of momentary curiosity, will embark on a path of no return. This Bill is not simply a tobacco control measure. It concerns the health of the next generation, the peace of mind of families and the bottom line of society. Protecting youths is a principle we cannot compromise on. (In English): Mr Speaker, law alone does not shape norms. A law is strongest when ordinary people understand it and can comply without fear or ambiguity. As duties are placed on premises owners and responsible persons, guidance must be clear and practical. Frontline staff must know what steps to take if they encounter suspected use or storage. Enforcement communications must reinforce that detection is real and consequences are certain. A firm law, consistently enforced, shapes behaviour long before it punishes it. Singapore has always taken a clear stance against substances that undermine public health and social stability. That clarity has protected generations. In confronting the evolution of vaporisers into vehicles for psychoactive substances, we must be equally resolute. Firm against exploitation. Compassionate toward recovery. Disciplined in implementation. Because ultimately, this Bill is not about devices. It is about safeguarding the next generation. The measure of a society is how firmly it protects its young, especially when the threat evolves. I support this Bill.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Dr Neo Kok Beng.
Dr Neo Kok Beng (Nominated Member)161 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise to support the Bill. As the vapes or vaporisers are posing health hazards to our population, especially the youths and our students, I would like to seek answers to the following specific questions. What is the current situation of the peddling of vapes or vaporiser who are getting the students and our youths?[+5 sentences] Number two: what are the educational and awareness programmes for students going forward? Is it compulsory for students to attend such programmes and learn what are vapes and how bad it is? Question three: is there any plan to equip or provide parents with tools for them to identify vaping devices and the potential use or identify the potential use of vapes by the child? My last question: the campus and the hostels of the institutes of higher learning (IHLs) are really porous and do we have plans to install vapes detection systems in the IHL campus and hostels? I support the Bill.
Mr Speaker49 words
[+5 sentences]Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 2.10 pm. Sitting accordingly suspended at 1.50 pm until 2.10 pm. Sitting resumed at 2.10 pm.
Mr Deputy Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Dr Wan Rizal.
Dr Wan Rizal (Jalan Besar)1215 words
[+15 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, some time back, a father met me at my Meet-the-People Session, holding a small metallic device he had found in his daughter's room. It was slim. It was discreet. It did not resemble anything like a cigarette. It did not resemble an item where many parents would traditionally associate with drugs. When he asked his daughter about it, she replied, "It's not like smoking. It's not a drug." Sir, that moment illustrates how quickly substance misuse is evolving, how often, faster than public perception and regulation. Vaping is already illegal in Singapore. We have clear prohibitions on the import, sale, possession and use of vaporisers. Enforcement has been ongoing. Public education efforts have been sustained. Yet what has evolved is not merely the device but the chemistry behind it. Today, products are modified to include nicotine analogues. Some are adapted to deliver psychoactive substances. Specifically, we are seeing the rise of substances, like etomidate, and its analogues, originally developed as medical anaesthetics, which are being misused in vaporisers in ways that exploit regulatory gaps between existing frameworks. This Bill ensures that substances can no longer hide in the shadows of regulatory framework. It reorganises product categories, expands definitions, introduces the new Part 3A framework for specified psychoactive substances, strengthens presumptions and enhances penalties across the supply chain.[+7 sentences] I strongly support these measures. Today, I will focus on the implementation because the strength of this Bill will ultimately depend on how it is operationalised. While my opening example involved a young person, we must be clear – this is not merely a youth issue. The importation and distribution of Part 3A products containing specified psychoactive substances represent deliberate, profit-driven activities. They exploit regulatory gaps. They undermine public safety. They intersect with organised supply networks. The introduction of mandatory imprisonment for serious import and supply offences sends a strong deterrent signal.[+46 sentences] The enhanced presumptions relating to possession and control are also important enforcement tools. However, I would like to seek clarification on how enforcement agencies intend to operationalise these strengthened provisions in increasingly complex supply environments, including decentralised storage and informal distribution channels. As enforcement tightens, syndicates adapt. And this is a problem. Continuous monitoring and intelligence coordination will be essential. To this end, the Bill equips authorised officers with the necessary powers to operate safely in enforcement situations that may involve risk. I also note that the Bill strengthens operational powers under section 23B, including the use of restraints where necessary. This recognises that enforcements against organised supply networks is not an administrative work. It can involve real operational risks. And for residents on the ground, this Bill sends a clear signal. It tells parents that the law is keeping pace with substances designed to evade regulation. It tells communities that those who profit from distributing these products will face serious consequences. And it reassures residents that enforcement agencies are being equipped with the powers needed to respond to new and evolving threats. Sir, this Bill does not only enhance penalties, it also introduces a structured community-based rehabilitation and institutional treatment orders. This dual approach is important. But as we strengthen enforcement and potentially increase the number of persons subject to rehabilitation orders, we must ensure there is an adequate capacity. I would like to seek clarification on firstly, the projected caseload for community-based rehabilitation under Part 3A; secondly, whether the supervising officer's capacity is being expanded; the availability of addiction-trained clinicians and counsellors; and finally, the framework for relapse prevention during and after supervision. If rehabilitation becomes primarily supervisory without sufficient therapeutic intervention, we risk short-term compliance without that long-term recovery. Substance misuse is not only a legal issue. It is also a behavioural and health issue. Enforcements protect society. Rehabilitation restores the individual. Both must be resourced proportionately. Sir, beyond enforcement and rehabilitation, the Bill also introduces an important dimension of shared responsibility. Part 3B places duties on the responsible persons of specified premises. This is a significant shift towards shared responsibility. It signals that enforcement cannot rest solely on the state. I support this direction. However, commercial storage operators, landlords, transport providers and small business owners will understandably seek clarity on what constitutes "due care" and "reasonable knowledge". Under the new section 18A, an owner or occupier commits an offence if they allow the storage of these prohibited items unless they have exercised "due care". For a small warehouse operator or a landlord, the difference between compliance and a heavy fine lie in the definition of that effort. So, we must ensure our business communities are not penalised for syndicates' sophisticated concealment tactics. I welcome the indication that best-practice guidance may be developed. May I encourage that: firstly, clear operational guidelines be issued before enforcement is intensified; second, outreach be conducted through trade associations; and third, practical examples of due diligence be provided to reduce uncertainty. When compliance expectations are clear, cooperation improves. When ambiguity persists, anxiety naturally will increase. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, many residents may also wonder how these provisions apply in everyday settings. For example, landlords, small shop operators or those managing shared premises may ask what constitutes reasonable steps to ensure that prohibited products are not stored on their premises. As we strengthen enforcement against those distributing these substances, it will be important that guidance is clear so that law-abiding residents and businesses understand what is expected of them. Sir, the Bill empowers the Chief Executive of HSA to order parents or guardians of youths subject to community-based rehabilitation to attend counselling, with penalties for non-compliance. To me, family involvement is critical, it is critical to sustain recovery and I support this principle. At the same time, we should ensure that such measures strengthen families rather than create adversarial dynamics. Will counselling models emphasise restoration and support? Will there be flexibility for families facing financial or caregiving constraints? If we require parental participation, we should also equip parents with knowledge and the practical tools to navigate. Sir, I offer these points in the spirit of strengthening what is already a robust legislative framework. Given the rapid evolution of synthetic psychoactive substances, I would encourage the Ministry to consider a formal review of the Part 3A framework within three to five years of implementation.[+9 sentences] Such a review could assess our enforcement outcomes, rehabilitation effectiveness, emerging substances' trends and operational challenges faced by responsible persons. This would future-proof us, because future-proofing requires periodic recalibration. Sir, if I may conclude, the device that the father found was already illegal. We have campaigns that were ongoing. We have laws that exist. What changed was the product's sophistication and the intent behind those distributing it. And this Bill recognises that reality. It closes regulatory gaps, strengthens enforcement and provides the necessary tools to address substances designed to evade existing frameworks. But legislation alone cannot solve the problem. Its success will depend on how effectively we implement enforcement, strengthen rehabilitation and support families as they navigate these challenges. As a father of four myself, I believe strongly that protecting our children from substances designed to exploit regulatory gaps must remain a priority. If we implement this Bill effectively, we can ensure that our laws' enforcement and support structures remain one step ahead. For these reasons, Mr Deputy Speaker, I support the Bill.
Mr Deputy Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Kuah Boon Theng.
Ms Kuah Boon Theng (Nominated Member)875 words
[+6 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of this Bill. We have been witnessing the rise of a new public health threat, that of vapes and its variants, especially those laced with dangerous chemicals, such as etomidate. This Bill will play an important role in addressing this threat. And we must act quickly, especially as the lives of many are being upended by the harmful nature of vaping. As we have all heard, vapes are highly addictive, often more so than traditional cigarettes. Our youths have been particularly susceptible, as peddlers of vapes prey on those who are impressionable. More than 3,000 students were caught vaping every year between 2022 and 2024.[+3 sentences] The high concentrations of nicotine can trigger rapid brain responses, leading to quick dependency. It affects attention, learning and impulse control. And once hooked, trying to stop will provoke intense cravings and withdrawal. Since September 2025, etomidate and its analogues have been classified as Class C controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act, for a period of six months while we awaited this Bill.[+4 sentences] This was intended to be an interim measure, and it has given our authorities more power to prosecute importers, sellers or distributers of etomidate e-vaporisers under the MDA and mete out heavier penalties. As for consumers of these products, individuals found using etomidate e-vaporisers or who test positive for etomidate are not simply subjected to a fine, but have to undergo rehabilitation, treatment, mandatory supervision and even detention. But we now need to boost our laws to provide a more enduring framework to tackle vaping, and this Bill does that. First of all, I support the provisions of this Bill that would, in essence, treat the use of vapes with psychoactive substances in a way that is consistent with how we approach controlled drugs. The new Part 3 and 3A will introduce amendments to enact stiffer punishments for the trafficking and selling of vapes laced with dangerous psychoactive substances.[+11 sentences] It will also provide for testing methods to uncover consumption. As for users of vapes, in addition to stiffer fines, there are statutory rehabilitation programmes for users of psychoactive substances and this reflects a very calibrated response, with traffickers and sellers attracting strong punitive action, whereas the approach with vape users has a strong rehabilitative purpose which aims to help people break the addiction, work on their recovery and rehabilitate them back into society. I agree that this is a sound approach. While all offenders have to ultimately be accountable for their mistakes, we must also do our best to support them by providing available help to give them the best chance of quitting an addiction. I do have questions relating to how the Ministry hopes to achieve its rehabilitative objective. While community-based rehabilitation is an available pathway for users of vapes with psychoactive substances, for regular vape users, they will primarily be faced with a fine. And based on current policy, counselling programmes are mandatory for second-time offenders using regular vapes, but there is not much information available on what type of counselling programme will be made available to them and what other form of support will be provided particularly to students with vape addictions. I would therefore like to seek clarification from the Senior Minister of State, in the case of youths in schools who are discovered to be regular vape users, will there be any close collaboration or coordination with parents and schools to implement a structured programme or protocol to help them kick the habit? While the addiction itself can wreck havoc on the student's ability to learn and concentrate in school, I can only imagine that as they go through withdrawal from nicotine and other addictive substances, this could have an equally deleterious effect, especially in the short term, and during particularly stressful periods like exams. It is hard enough for adults to quit, are we expecting fines and warnings or counselling alone to be sufficient to help school-going children and youths do so? As for schools, I would argue that without professional guidance and support being offered, they, too, would be left to navigate these issues on their own. The result may end up being an inconsistent and patchy response. I would therefore like to propose that MOH consider assembling a team of child and adolescent psychiatrists, qualified addiction specialists and professional counsellors, to come up with a national protocol or programme that will provide clear guidance to parents, teachers and schools as they support our youths who are trying to break the addiction of vaping.[+6 sentences] In fact, if we are going to do that, we should extend it to other forms of addiction amongst school-going kids, like gaming or even pornography. Additionally, I would like to ask the Senior Minister of State if the Ministry intends to track the data of young vape users who are minors, to ensure that nicotine and other addictions are adequately identified and addressed? This is similar to the point made by the hon Member Mr Yip. And lastly, will there be other steps taken to ensure that recidivism amongst youth vape users remains low? If so, what are these measures? That said, I support the Bill and look forward to the Senior Minister of State's clarifications.
Mr Deputy Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Vikram Nair.
Mr Vikram Nair (Sembawang)1085 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I support this Bill. I had spoken up in July last year on the etomidate situation and advocated for its classification under the MDA, because of what I felt were limitations under the existing framework of legislation at the time. The Government moved fast, and in September last year, etomidate was classified as a Class C drug as a temporary measure.[+3 sentences] This reclassification has been important. It allowed tougher measures to be taken against those that trafficked etomidate and also permitted mandatory treatment to be ordered against abusers who would often refuse to attend treatment voluntarily. This last point is reinforced by Senior Minister of State Koh's point in his introductory speech, that the number of abusers defaulted even on mandatory treatment. The current Bill provides for the reclassification of etomidate from a Class C controlled drug under the MDA to a "specified psychoactive substance" under the proposed TVCA.[+5 sentences] I was initially a little concerned about whether this meant we were taking a lighter touch approach against etomidate, but looking at the penalties involved, it appears the regime is largely similar to that used in relation to Class C drugs. I think Senior Minister of State Koh also confirmed this in his introductory speech. This suggests we are not taking a lighter touch approach against etomidate, and to the extent, this reclassification is administrative, to put it on a longer term footing. I have no objections to it. One of the strengths of this Bill is the flexibility it confers. The Minister will be empowered to amend the Schedule by order in the Gazette, enabling new psychoactive substances to be added swiftly without the need for a full legislative amendment each time.[+2 sentences] This allows the Government to stay ahead of synthetic variants which are engineered specifically to exploit gaps in the legal framework. This is especially useful because so-called "designer drugs" can proliferate because of delays in the implementation of statutory control. Having said that, there seems to be some overlap with mechanisms that already exist under the MDA. I understand that the list of SPSes in the Schedule of the Bill currently includes only etomidate and its analogues.[+26 sentences] In comparison, under the MDA, a psychoactive substance is defined in section 2 conceptually to mean "a substance or product that has the capacity to have a psychoactive effect on an individual if the individual smokes, administers to himself or herself or otherwise consumes, the substance or product" and which is not an "excluded substance" under the Fifth Schedule. Part 2A of the MDA contains provisions dealing with psychoactive substances generally and can be a conceptual catch-all mechanism for drugs that are not classified elsewhere. In contrast, those psychoactive substances that are already known are often classified as drugs and specific penalties would apply to those. This essentially means there will be two statutes which could potentially deal with new psychoactive substances: one, they could be classified in the Schedule under this new Act; or two, they could still be captured conceptually under the MDA. In relation to this, I make three points. First, in future, what considerations will determine whether a psychoactive substance is to be listed under the TVCA? Second, is it possible for a case to be caught by both the TVCA and the MDA, and if so, how will the authorities decide which statute to prosecute an offender under? Third, will sentencing guidelines and cases under the MDA apply to cases under the TVCA? In my view, certainly, etomidate-related cases should apply. Etomidate is plainly a psychoactive substance. It is largely misused through vaporisers and related products and that may be the reason for its classification under this Bill. However, the potential for vaporisers to administer more serious drugs has always been present, and the infamous Kpod was known to contain either etomidate or ketamine. Ketamine is, of course, classified as a drug under the MDA. While I understand the rationale for placing etomidate under this Bill and therefore the jurisdiction of HSA, what happens if more harmful substances or drugs are found while the HSA is conducting a raid for vaporisers and/or etomidate? Would HSA be empowered to effect arrests and take enforcement actions, assuming drugs are also found with the vaporisers? In contrast, I understand the Central Narcotics Bureau (CNB) officers have much broader powers of arrest. I believe the HSA will need to adequately resourced and empowered to discharge the new role. Likewise, the CNB should continue to be empowered to effect arrests for etomidate in the event they come across this substance while effecting arrests or investigations into other drugs and psychoactive substances. The rehabilitation aspect of the Bill is also important. The framework allows for community-based rehabilitation and institutional treatment where appropriate. This mirrors, in many respects, the approach taken under the MDA. It recognises that while enforcement and deterrence are essential, rehabilitation remains a cornerstone of our drug control policy. However, here again, there appears to be a potential overlap between the two statutes. I would be grateful if the Ministry would clarify two points. First, would offenders subject to mandatory treatment under this Bill be sent to DRCs currently used for drug offenders or is the intention to send them to different facilities? If there are to be different facilities, the HSA will need the resources to set up such centres. Second, where a case is potentially caught by both Acts, say, multiple substances were found, and the Chief Executive of the HSA and the Director of the CNB both have the power to order an offender to undergo rehabilitation under the relevant provisions of the two Acts, how will this overlap be resolved between the HSA and the CNB?[+2 sentences] Finally, I wish to add an observation that young persons are particularly vulnerable to trends such as vaping and experimentation with psychoactive drugs. We must continue to emphasise prevention, education and parental involvement. The provisions requiring responsible persons to act when prohibited products are used on their premises and the measures addressing exposure of children and young persons are important complements to criminal penalties.[+1 sentence] Mr Deputy Speaker, ultimately, this Bill reflects Singapore's long-standing position that we should adapt our laws on drug abuse in response to evolving realities while preserving the core of our zero-tolerance stance. Singapore's firm stance against drug abuse has been an important pillar of our social stability and public safety.[+2 sentences] This Bill strengthens that pillar. We must not be seen to compromise on this when new substances emerge.
Mr Deputy Speaker7 words
[+1 sentence]Senior Minister of State Koh Poh Koon.
Dr Koh Poh Koon2386 words
[+21 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I thank the Members who have spoken and for their unanimous support for the amendments proposed in the Bill. Members have raised a number of thoughtful views and constructive comments. I have touched on some of these in my opening speech, so I will now elaborate more on other areas that were raised by Members. First, beyond increasing penalties to enhance deterrence, Mr Yip Hon Weng asked whether our enforcement approach would truly reduce youth exposure and initiation. Well, the fact is that firm enforcement alone will never eliminate vaping. However, a strong deterrence posture remains essential if we are serious about reducing the harm it can cause to our people. Vaping has not yet become deeply entrenched in Singapore. This gives us a critical window to act decisively. That is why we are targeting the entire supply ecosystem, the entire supply chain, through robust enforcement while at the same time supporting users through rehabilitation to prevent vaping from taking root in our society. Dr Hamid Razak and Mr Vikram Nair rightly pointed out the importance of preventive education. Many people, especially the young, picked up vaping out of curiosity or peer pressure. Therefore, we have also stepped up preventive education efforts in tandem. The national campaign across multiple platforms includes digital display panels cross the island, in our heartlands, especially, mainstream media and social media to inform the public about the dangers of vaping and etomidate vaporisers. We also collaborated with many online content partners to reach out to young people because this is where young people are consuming information, so this is a good way to reach out to them. Schools and IHLs have also played a big part to educate the young on the harm and consequences of vaping. The messages are also integrated into the school curriculum. Dr Neo Kok Beng asked about this earlier. For those who have already started vaping, we adopted a calibrated multi-layered approach. This approach provides multiple chances to quit before the more serious penalties apply. First, the avenue to seek help to quit remains open under the QuitVape Programme. Those who come forward voluntarily will not be penalised for doing so. In the past six months, more than 110 persons came forward to quit etomidate vaping.[+16 sentences] We hope more will do so. Next, for individuals who have been caught vaping, penalties will kick in, along with a requirement to attend rehabilitation for repeat offenders. For those consuming etomidate, testing of their urine or hair samples may be required on top of rehabilitation. To Ms Kuah Boon Theng's question, students caught for the first time will be guided by school counsellors and referred to the Health Promotion Board's (HPB's) QuitLine when needed. Her suggestion of working in a more coordinated manner across different Ministries, resourcing the counsellors, is something that we will take back and look at how to do so, although today, we do have close collaboration between HSA and the Ministry of Education. To Dr Choo Pei Ling's question, suspected offenders may have to undergo interviews, investigations and testing prior to being sent for rehabilitation. This explains the turnaround time between detection and start of the rehabilitation programme. We are working to minimise this turnaround time. The providers of rehabilitation programmes will explore the underlying causes for the use of vaporisers and etomidate, and offenders will learn healthy coping habits and how to withstand peer pressure. These are tips that will help them to sustain a vaporiser-free lifestyle, post rehabilitation. For youths under 21 years old, the Youth Enhanced Supervision Scheme under the Ministry of Social and Family Development has an added element of family involvement, with some sessions conducted together with their parents or guardians. Parents can also refer to the Parent's Guide on Vaping on the Families for Life website for tips on having conversations with their children on vaping. To Dr Wan Rizal's question, HSA will closely engage parents and guardians and use the powers of section 19S judiciously. Parental and family support, I am sure we all agree, are crucial to helping young offenders quit. Parents who refuse to be involved in their children's counselling without reasonable justifications will potentially face criminal charges. However, despite our best efforts, if individuals decide to re-offend repeatedly, penalties will escalate rapidly. For vaping, they will be prosecuted and subject to the increased fine, up to $10,000. For etomidate vaping, they will be detained in the DRC for institutional treatment and rehabilitation.[+2 sentences] In answer to Mr Vikram Nair's question, this will be separate from other drug offenders. By the time they are sent to the DRC, these reoffenders would have been caught at least three times and given multiple chances to quit. To Mr Yip's question, mandatory imprisonment is imposed for importers and suppliers of section 15 tobacco products and vaporisers because they drive the continued availability of these harmful products.[+10 sentences] We have to go really upstream and stop the flow of these items into Singapore. If the products contain SPS, the penalties will be as severe and aligned to those for Class C controlled drugs under the MDA. During the investigations of suspected import and supply offences, HSA takes into account several factors, including the quantity and types of prohibited products involved as well as evidence of intent to sell or supply to others, to determine the nature of the offence and how an individual is involved. Factors such as age and number of past offences will be taken into consideration by the Courts when determining the appropriate sentences. Specifically for youth offenders, the Courts will also consider youth-specific sentencing options such as probation or reformative training. As Mr Yip and Dr Wan Rizal mentioned, supply channels are becoming more complex and decentralised, especially through the use of social media and messaging platforms. On the ground, we have also adapted our enforcement approach to better detect import and supply offences. Let me share two examples. First, HSA actively monitors sales and advertisements of vaporisers on such platforms and works with platform owners to remove these listings. HSA also collaborates with the Infocomm Media Development Authority and the Online Criminal Harms Act (OCHA) Office to block vaporiser websites targeting locals. Over 10,000 online advertisements were removed since 2024 and 27 websites blocked under the OCHA since September last year.[+3 sentences] Second, vaporiser supply chains predominantly operate overseas. The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA), CNB and Singapore Police Force already engage in information sharing with their foreign counterparts. We will work closely to make sure that we have intelligence to deal with this. On vaporisers specifically, with the help of intelligence sharing, joint operations by HSA and ICA detected 59 large-scale smuggling cases in 2025, seizing around 230,000 vaporisers and related products.[+17 sentences] Thirteen of these cases have been charged. Dr Hamid, Mr Yip, Dr Wan Rizal, Dr Choo and Mr Vikram Nair have raised a few operational issues. Members asked how enforcement actions will be differentiated for SPS under the TVCA, and controlled drugs and psychoactive substances under the MDA. A SPS, once scheduled under the TVCA, will be automatically excluded from the framework of psychoactive substances under the MDA because this framework in MDA works on a negative list approach and SPS has been excluded. To Dr Hamid and Mr Yip's question on frontline enforcement, officers will assess the situation to route the case to the appropriate agency. Laboratory testing of the substance may be conducted to ascertain the identity of the substances involved and subsequently refer to the appropriate authorities. To Mr Vikram Nair's questions, when it comes to rehabilitation, those who are suspected or are found to have consumed only SPS will be handled by HSA. If both SPS and controlled drugs or psychoactive substances under the MDA are consumed, the MDA rehabilitation framework will take precedence, given the seriousness of those drugs and offences. Similar principles apply to prosecution. HSA and CNB will investigate the cases jointly if necessary. The ultimate decision on prosecution will be made by the Attorney-General's Chambers. For cases to be charged under the TVCA, we will take guidance from the existing body of law, including precedent cases charged under the MDA. Support will be provided to owners and occupiers of specified premises so they will understand how to fulfil their new obligations. As I have mentioned, this is not entirely new, it is similar to the obligations under the Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act that public entertainment premises are already subject to and it is not meant to be onerous or impose a disproportionate amount of legal liability on premise operators. HSA will support them in complying with these obligations. Practical guidance on the identification of prohibited products, how to engage and handle individuals possessing or using these prohibited products and when to engage HSA for further assistance, will be provided. To protect these owners and occupiers, it will be an offence for individuals to hinder, obstruct, threaten, abuse or assault owners and occupiers in the course of performing their duties. HSA will publish a handbook of best practices today on their website to illustrate what constitutes "due care" by owners and occupiers of land, buildings and places under the new offence of allowing other individuals to store prohibited products or their components in these spaces.[+2 sentences] I thank Dr Wan Rizal for his suggestions on this and, understandably, owners and occupiers may worry that the storage of prohibited products could happen, even if they have done their best to prevent it. Let me assure you that each case will be assessed based on the particular facts of each situation, and owners and occupiers who have exercised due care do not need to worry. We intend for the Bill to commence on 1 May and will provide support to responsible persons and owners and occupiers before then.[+5 sentences] Mr Yip asked about the safeguards that ensure the accuracy of our laboratory tests, given that a positive urine test can be presumed to mean that the individual has consumed SPS and committed an offence. HSA has extensive experience supporting CNB in conducting laboratory tests for enforcement under the MDA. So, these powers and capabilities are not new to HSA. Expanded powers require adequate resources to support implementation – this was also a point emphasised by a few Members. We adopted a whole-of-Government enforcement approach, where relevant agencies, such as the Police, CNB, NEA and National Parks Board (NParks) assist in the detection and referral of suspected cases to HSA. So, the enforcement is not done just by HSA alone. This has multiplied our effective enforcement capacity, with more than 13,000 officers authorised to-date.[+12 sentences] These agencies will continue to be authorised under the TVCA. To Mr Yip's question, HSA carefully assesses the suitability of these officers before empowering them with enforcement powers. This applies to officers from HSA and across other agencies. Officers are only authorised for specific powers that match their roles and experience and must also undergo prescribed training and competency assessments before being deployed. After deployment, they continue to be overseen and reviewed by their supervisors. On rehabilitation capacity, having operated these programmes for the past six months, we have provided for sufficient capacity, including in the DRC. We will regularly review capacity utilisation and projections, based on the latest offender numbers and trends and make the necessary adjustments. Finally, Members have asked about monitoring the effectiveness of the current enforcement approach, as well as monitoring trends in emerging substances of abuse. Beyond the number of offenders, we also monitor recidivism rates and other key indicators. MHA already works with international and regional partners, such as the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN) counterparts, to monitor the emergence of new psychoactive substances. MOH and MHA also review various sources of data to identify and be alert to emerging substances of abuse. Specific to vaporisers, HSA also collects and exchanges intelligence with the World Health Organization and international regulatory counterparts and, on our own, we conduct random testing of vaporisers that we have seized to detect any new substances that is emerging in our market. If another psychoactive substance or product emerges in tobacco products, vaporisers or imitation tobacco products, it can be listed in the Schedule of TVCA fairly quickly, by amending the Schedule via an order in the Gazette made by the Minister for Health.[+6 sentences] So, there will be less scrambling and a lot more responsiveness to any emerging threats. Mr Gerald Giam cited clause 37 on the definition of smoking. Let me clarify that this is actually an amendment to the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment (MSE)/NEA's smoking prohibition on certain places. It is not for the Tobacco Control Act, but it is actually an amendment to NEA's Smoking (Prohibition in Certain Places) Act. Smoking Area Ban policy is also under MSE and NEA's purview, but I understand where the Member is coming from. We will work with NEA and MSE on the Member of Parliament's suggestion to see how we can continue to help manage the issue of second-hand smoke and smoking within our heartlands. On setting standards for emission of tobacco products, this is already in current section 15 and the new section 14. We have existing limits on the content emission of nicotine and tar of cigarettes that will continue under the TVCA.[+2 sentences] On the suggestion to reduce addictiveness or tobacco and nicotine products, the Member of Parliament was likely referring to the nicotine cap policy I had mentioned earlier. We have considered this before and will continue to study it. It is possible to do so under the new section 14. But I do hear the Member's suggesting that the UK has a cap of 1.0 milligram and actually in Singapore, our nicotine emission yield is also capped at 1.0 milligrams since 2013. So, if the Member were to look this up, it is actually under the Tobacco (Control of Advertisements and Sale) (Limits on Certain Substances) Regulations 2010.[+4 sentences] So, our limits are no different from what the Member has cited from the UK. Mr Speaker, I believe I have addressed the clarifications raised by Members. I thank Members for their suggestions and support of this Bill. Mr Speaker, Sir, I seek to move.
Mr Deputy Speaker88 words
[+3 sentences]Are there any clarifications arising out of Senior Minister of State Koh's response? If not, I will put the question to the House. . (proc text)]