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[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, I beg to move, "That the following Address in reply to the Speech of the President be agreed to: 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which she delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the Second Session of this Parliament.'." Sir, let me start by saying that I whole-heartedly agree with Mdm President that the principal challenge of our times is to work together: Government and the people. We are halfway through the current term of Government and we have made progress here. A lot done with programmes and schemes, such as MediShield Life, Smart Nation initiatives, Community Network for Seniors, Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs), Adapt and Grow for workers and so on.[+7 sentences] But we still have a lot more to do. Citizens have expectations of the Government to demonstrate leadership in formulating policies that always put the country on a better footing and care for her people. At the same time, they also want their voices to be heard and for the Government to stay connected and remain relevant to the ground. Thus, I want to speak up for different groups of Singaporeans and share my thoughts on how we can do better as an economy, as a society and as one people, one nation. To begin with, education. It is critical for social mobility. Looking at it from the viewpoint of our students and parents, I want to share three suggestions here. One, to pilot “through train” education to Secondary school for special needs students in mainstream schools.[+8 sentences] Students have different pace of learning and each child blossoms at varying stages of their lives. For special needs children in mainstream schools, their challenge is to cope with the same number of subjects, using the same course materials and adapting to the pace of regular learning. For some, they, indeed, struggle with something as basic as taking an additional language or subject. Parents have shared with me that their children with such needs usually are not given exemption from the subjects until the children have proven to consistently fail. This can be very demoralising for the child who has dyslexia, autism or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. It also deters the child in wanting to learn more or do well in other subjects. Yes, it may be a sweeping statement to say all special needs children are late bloomers. But I am certain no one will deny that these children deserve the opportunity to have a longer runway to learn and explore their potential at a pace that is suitable for them. Second, to de-emphasise academic excellence by including VIA performance as a standard school admission criterion.[+8 sentences] Today, there is no shortage of daily evidences that reflect a lack of good community values and decreasing tolerance amongst people. From road bullies, errant users of shared bikes and personal mobility devices, high-rise litterers and so on. These people have little sense of how their actions impact others and the environment. Values, to me, are fundamental guiding principles in an individual. Our students can ace through exams; but such achievements do not empower or make them a more purposeful individual. VIA is unlikely to sustain at the current rate unless it is given emphasis in mainstream school admission criteria and not limited to those under Direct School Admission. I believe that by knowing how to pay it forward and our relentless search for a higher purpose, we can nurture citizens with the spirit of care and giving to others. Let us start to embrace and encourage this sense of responsibility amongst our young by blurring the lines of socio-economic background through valuing their actions towards our community and country. Third, build soft skills and creativity of students from young.[+24 sentences] How should we train our students not to be regimental experts in subject matters but to demonstrate soft skills, the ability to apply and be creative? I feel that the future skills we need to develop in SkillsFuture of our next generation are their ability to switch between industries and adjust within changing project needs. Staying relevant and planning for one’s career and life must become instinctive in them. We must build their soft skills from young. And to me, this can also help to shape their personalities and resolve when facing challenging situations. Take, for example, the role of an Industrial System Designer or Industrial System Integrator. They have skills that are relevant to multiple industries. While their knowledge of systems, designs, mechanics are fundamental, more critical are their management skills in integrating projects and people. Next, working Singaporeans. Today, we see growing trends of jobs moving towards the gig economy and remote workers. The pace of change is unpredictable and disruptive. Increasingly, jobs are fulfilled by satellite workgroups and regional talents. The competition for workers and jobs is no longer confined by a country’s boundary. This game has absolutely changed. The number of workers is no longer the defining trait of a business or an economy. Instead, it is the quality of workers that matters. How well do our workers contribute to their tasks, how do they sight opportunities, can they collaborate? The list goes on. The nugget is: “Can they stand out from the crowd?” Growth, we have certainly achieved in Singapore. From a fishing village to a modern metropolis; from no industries to many multinational companies and homegrown brands. But will this growth endure the test of time? To me, I think we need to ensure we continue to have a role to play on the regional and global stage and, for this, the Government has to try some non-traditional approaches. In this regard, I suggest two areas of enhancement to aid job matching and to build our home brands. One, the Government has to play a greater role in shaping the job-matching scene.[+4 sentences] Having a job data bank like in the past is insufficient. We need proficient actors in the industry to scout the value and talent within our workers. As traditional hiring processes fall out of favour, it is creating a vacuum and the mismatch in skills and jobs. And I see this as an opportunity for us. The establishment of the Institute for Human Resource Practitioners (IHRP) by Ministry of Manpower (MOM), National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) and the Singapore National Employers’ Federation is a good example of an initiative that can enable such changes within organisations and professional communities.[+15 sentences] We should encourage more of such partnerships and raise the bar of our work culture through different professional groups. With the consolidation of mature industries, a vibrant startup scene and the presence of many smaller companies, the mergers and acquisitions potential also becomes livelier. This will inevitably impact the pool of workers and freelancers during management changes and a lack of HR support is unhealthy. We need to take proactive steps to ensure progressive job mobility in order to achieve more effective social mobility. Two, create ecosystems and build our Singapore brand. To do so, we must build upon the illustrious track record of Singapore’s quality and brand reputation internationally. Take it one step further, lead and create consortiums made up of more Singapore SMEs to create an industry of our own on the international stage. This can be a paradigm shift of what the Government used to do. We pick the potentials and help build such ecosystems. From developing global trade partnerships, exporting skilled workers, processes and systems, developing R&D expertise and know-how; to creation of new industries and co-sharing of resources within industries. Ecosystems that have cross-industry demand and opportunities will give time and opportunity for our students and workers to deepen their skills and develop them into the trade craftsmen of the future. Let me turn now to the vast majority of Singaporeans – singles, young families, young working adults and seniors. A top concern here is housing. Affordability, choice, capital value, retirement – these are common words associated with the topic on housing. On one hand, we want the Government to do more and support through policy measures. At the same time, I believe we still want to instil a sense of responsibility in our people and have them take ownership towards securing their basic needs. Thus, I think it is time for us to include other considerations for the aged HDB flats and, in this, I mean flats that are above 50 years of age, and augment the Selective En-bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS).[+5 sentences] Bearing in mind that these efforts must be taken with a multi-prong approach, I propose a few areas for consideration. One, change the valuation method for aged flats. The challenge the market is facing is two-fold. The sellers are having difficulties selling their flat with more options available in the market and a decreasing lease. The buyers, on the other hand, find the aged flats priced out of their attainable reach. The fact is that the value of any ageing leasehold property will be different from a young property, regardless of how attractive its location is. Thus, aged flats should not be valued using the current comparison method of past market transactions. I suggest the valuation be based instead on its remaining lease, the length of time the current owner has occupied the place and its right-sizing potential.[+17 sentences] Firstly, this enables the elderly to unlock their cash, right-size and move nearer to their children if they so wish. Secondly, it enables young families or singles to also afford flats from the resale market in mature estates and enhance the social mix. Two, select precincts from different mature towns for lease top-up by private developers. Given the lack of new land plots in mature estates, it is difficult to effect SERS, especially when the flats are built over almost the same time span. As HDB flats are typically built precinct by precinct, so, rather than selling new land plots for private property, allow the private developers to top up the land lease of HDB flats for future development. Likewise, the Government can convert plots of private condo land for HDB housing in future when its lease is up. This creates a better mix of private and public housing in the long run and allow families to have various home options in different towns at different stages of their life. Three, allow direct rental of interim housing from HDB for the non low-income group. For those who do not qualify as low-income group but have needs for interim housing, allow them to rent directly from HDB, only for those selected aged flats with leases of less than 45 years and, of course, subject to a capped period. These include families which have needs for interim housing as they transit, young working adults with little need for a permanent place due to their job nature, the single parents who need immediate shelter after their matrimonial flat is sold off and so on and so forth. Give them the flexibility and space to manage or rebuild their lives. The next group I wish to speak for is the women. Mr Speaker, last year during the debate on the Motion on Aspirations of Singapore Women mooted by the PAP women Members of Parliament, many Members in this House supported and raised good suggestions in the debate on how to assist our women to become active contributors, to be treated fairly as an equal in society and duly supported to achieve their dreams. I, too, have spoken on this Motion and am happy that some of my suggestions have been addressed or are being worked on by the Ministries. I hope further consideration can be given to the following. One, subsidies for non-working mothers with children. The current subsidies given to non-working mothers for infant care, childcare or kindergarten are lower compared to those of working mothers. As we encourage women to return to the workforce and balance their parental duties, can the Ministry consider giving equal subsidies for non-working mothers who plan to return to the workforce and remain gainfully employed after their children are placed in care services?[+2 sentences] Two, convert unused medical leave to eldercare leave. Family remains an important first line of support for our ageing population. As this duty still primarily falls on the shoulders of the women, those coming from single-child families or are the main caregiver to the elderly will feel more pressure, balancing work and caregiving. I understand the Ministries have been studying this topic with the employers and unions, but I hope they see the request not as one asking for more entitlement and thus inconveniencing the companies. Instead, it is about making a legislative change that allows an individual’s existing entitlement to be used for caring of their loved ones.[+9 sentences] Employers should feel encouraged and incentivised, particularly when the unused medical leave reflect that their employees are in good health and with little work absenteeism. This effort is truly about giving a choice to the employees they value. Three, freelance and flexi work. With the growing need for part-time work and care services, we should harness the strength of local entrepreneurs and the talent pool of women available in our country. I have previously suggested establishing startup spaces in neighbourhoods to enable women to work closer to home or on a part-time basis. Provide spaces in our town hubs to house such entrepreneurial businesses and shared platforms for them to create a service industry of its own – basic services like meal catering, minding of old folks and children at home, home cleaning, laundry and so on can be catered on a demand basis. With proximity and a reliable supply of services, it can help ease the burden of working mothers and reduce the cost when it comes to after-school care. Fourth, rooting for women’s education and leadership in Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). In today’s digital world, it is quite appalling that despite our drive for equality, people can hardly associate women with science and technology. A UN research showed that only 28% of the global researchers in STEM are women in 2016.[+16 sentences] This is not a numbers game of ramping figures to parity. It is the dawn of time; a call for change. An impetus to bring new perspectives from women on product design, services and emotive connections which are seldom considered previously. With widespread technology so closely entwined in our lives, we need to embrace these technologies to achieve the much-needed productivity and innovation. Many of these tools can bring positive outcome for women in helping them balance their many roles in society. Education and careers in STEM should be encouraged amongst females. In Singapore, we are fortunate that every child, male or female, has an equal opportunity to receive education from young. But more can be done to enthuse females to continue pursuing roles in non-traditional industries or in male-dominated industries. The current social gap lies in the perception that men are more suited for such jobs because they involve more problem solving and a level of technicality that historically men are seen to fit better. But the truth is that despite the differences in the minds and behaviours of both genders, it is through pooling such differences that we can create stronger and more cohesive teams. Such acceptance and changes in the long run will lead to more creative thinking and innovation, thus, leading to more fulfilled and satisfied employees and society. Mr Speaker, I will continue in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): Next, I would like to talk about another very important group and one that is growing in our society: our seniors. Barely three months ago in this House, we discussed at length on the Motion of Support for Our Senior Citizens. Given the significance and challenges that may be faced by these seniors, more enhancements were deliberated in Budget 2018. Minister Heng Swee Keat also announced three structural changes in his Budget Statement to better integrate health and social support services for seniors in the community. The structural changes include a nation-wide expansion of Community Networks for Seniors by 2020, the formation of the Silver Generation Office and a further consolidation of planning and policy oversight of health and social support services from the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) to the Ministry of Health (MOH).[+11 sentences] All these are done in the hope that our seniors can age healthily and confidently in place. Based on the current situation, our priority is to help those seniors who are isolated and need assistance the most. Because these seniors live alone and have no family support, most of our efforts are now focused on planning and caring for them. However, to ensure the other seniors are socially engaged and keeping fit, I would like to take this opportunity to call out to this generation of soon-to-be seniors to partner us in planning for the future. First, maintain a healthy lifestyle. The adage "health is better than wealth" is well-known to many. It is ironic that we seem to understand and treasure this more as we age. In fact, prevention is better than cure. As such, we must exercise often to stay fit. So, let us take the first active step together. A good start is halfway to success. The National Steps Challenge seems to be a simple and effective platform to get our citizens moving. Hence, I suggest for MOH to consider boosting these efforts by incentivising Singaporeans through discounts on their MediShield Life premiums.[+23 sentences] For those who actively exercise and do not have medical claims, offer them annual premium discounts. As premiums will go up as people age, this incentive can motivate seniors to keep well, physically and psychologically. In the long run, this will help relieve the psychological, physical and financial pressure for them. Second, to encourage the seniors to help one another in the community. We constantly look for volunteers who can provide care and assistance to needy seniors. To me, this initiative is one approach that increases social cohesion. Everyone has a role to play to build a community in which people respect each other. I urge retirees and seniors to give back to society and help make Singapore an inclusive society. Singaporeans who are keen to be more socially-engaged, please do step forward and help us build a more gracious nation. Third, promote inter-generational programmes. Youths and young working adults have many commitments today. For some, to spend quality time with their parents and grandparents has become a luxury. Even so, youths and working adults choose to spend a lot of time on social media. This has become a trend of the modern society. Yet, as digitalisation is becoming a norm in our daily lives, why do we not pool our wisdom to enrich the digital space and create a platform for inter-generational bonding? Think about it. If each of us can offer half an hour of our time regularly in helping the seniors in our own family to learn and navigate the digital world, inter-generational communication would grow exponentially. The seniors will feel safer to be taught in a known environment and from people they trust. This can greatly improve their learning effectiveness. We can all play a part to create innovative inter-generational programmes that are unique to our own family and pass on the heritage and values that will make our seniors proud of us. (In English): Finally, let me touch on an area that concerns all Singaporeans – the cost of living. It is natural for anyone to have concerns over necessities. After all, these have direct impact on our lives. Over the years, the Government has conscientiously supported our people in mitigating the impact of inflation and rising external costs through different forms of direct subsidies and creating schemes to ensure affordability. While our safety net support is a targeted approach, the largest and continued financial support has always been extended to the low-income individuals and households to ensure they can keep up with basic needs and are not left behind as we progress.[+5 sentences] But with progression, it is inevitable to have an emerging middle class with rising aspirations and growing needs that go beyond necessities. How can the Government, in reality, provide subsidies and grants for the masses without breaking the bank? I believe this will be a difficult path to pursue. If we are to eschew the populist approach, the obvious answer is “We can’t subsidise for all”. So, I think we are at a point where we have to differentiate the "needs" from "wants", and how best to support different groups of Singaporeans. To me, this can only be done if the Government is able to: one, keep necessities like utilities, food, transport and healthcare affordable; two, provide sufficient choices to meet the varied needs; and, three, build a society of giving individuals and corporations.[+9 sentences] Take utilities and food as an example. It is hard to imagine today for one to live without power, water or food in a developed country. These are, indeed, necessities that must be kept within affordable means for any household. There is a need for the Government to keep the cost low and give direct subsidies for these items. But I think more can be done with a stronger focus on how to channel donations towards beneficiaries and social programmes that support giving necessities to those not living in public rental flats. Mr Speaker, today, we live in a world in flux. Challenges abound. But so, too, opportunities. I am confident, if we continue to work together, the Government and people in close partnership, we will be able to seize the opportunities and effectively address the challenges – be it income inequality or social mobility – to build an even better tomorrow for ourselves, our children and future generations of Singaporeans. Last month, in "Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2018" edition, themed "Disruption and Innovation", 24 individuals from Singapore made it to the list. The list featured 300 young disruptors, innovators and entrepreneurs across Asia who are under the age of 30. And Singapore tied with Japan for the fifth highest number of honorees this year.[+13 sentences] Many would also have heard of Chloe Chua, the 11-year-old violinist who won first prize at the prestigious Menuhin Competition. I am sure there are many more awards that other Singaporeans have received and continue to work towards. If we ever falter and question whether Singapore can make it in future, I would say that we do not lack local talents, but we lack faith – faith in the next generation and belief that they can do better than us in their own right and style. Mdm President said in the 2017 National Youth Achievement Gold Award ceremony, and I quote her: "A society can only flourish when there is passion, energy and enthusiasm. Young people abound with these qualities. Their perspectives of the world also help unearth limitless possibilities that convey a fresh impetus to the development of our nation." I fully agree with her. As a country, we can achieve much more when we put steadfast will and efforts together as one. Let us not procrastinate. Let us show faith and find common grounds as one people. Let us begin our new chapter, lift the dreams of our next generation and give them the opportunities and possibilities to make Singapore a great country, one filled with strength and hope for all. Together, we can and will continue to build a more just, a more inclusive, a more meaningful society for all Singaporeans. Mr Speaker, I beg to move. 1.57 pm
Mr Liang Eng Hwa (Holland-Bukit Timah)2555 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion of Thanks to the President in the name of Miss Cheryl Chan. I will speak on one of the key themes outlined in the Addendum to the President’s Address for the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), which is entitled “Staying Connected with the World as our Hinterland”. Singapore is already a highly internationalised economy. Our total trade to GDP ratio at about 400% is the highest in the world.[+1 sentence] We are among the top 15 largest exporter and largest importer in the world. Singapore has an extensive network of 22 implemented FTAs, with 12 others in the works.[+1 sentence] We are among the largest foreign investors in some of the major economies, including the US, China and ASEAN, despite our smaller GDP relative to those economies. Conversely, an estimated 37,000 international companies have their headquarters in Singapore, including about 7,000 MNCs. And EDB continues to draw in about $10 billion worth of foreign investments into Singapore each year.[+18 sentences] Singapore is well-regarded as a key global financial hub and a major risk management centre in Asia. All these and the other attributes of us being an open and internationalised economy have contributed to the growth and vibrancy of the Singapore economy in the last five decades. It created good salaried jobs for Singaporeans, good business opportunities for our companies as well as, importantly, generated financial resources for the Government to fund its expenditures. Notwithstanding what we have achieved, which is no mean feat, staying still has never been an option for Singapore. It will never be. Like every aspect and at every stage of our nation-building journey and, as what the President has said in her Address, we will always ask, “What is next for Singapore? How can the Singapore of tomorrow do better than the Singapore of today?" In the case of developing our economy, much of the “what next” is already outlined in the CFE recommendations, which blueprint the transformation strategy to build our future economy. There is a comprehensive set of actionable initiatives there. Among them, an important workstream is to further internationalise the economy, which is the focus of my speech. We know the realities of being small. There is only so much more growth you can squeeze out of our small domestic economy. Just counting on our domestic market would not be enough to create more and better jobs for aspiring Singaporeans and more business opportunities for growth-seeking companies. So, we need to expand our economic frontiers and, in so doing, look to also further diversify our portfolio and open up new dimensions of growth. Sir, I will touch on two areas. Firstly, in the area we have done well, that is, in trade and investments connectivity. Growing our trade flows and investments continues to be a viable strategy for Singapore, given our still compelling propositions and the opportunities that are out there within our reach. The escalating trade tensions between global economic powers are areas of concerns but that should not dampen our spirit. Instead, we should look to build even more trade and investment links with more countries and to spread our risks. I am glad that the remaining 11 countries of the TPP persisted to conclude the TPP 11, now known as CPTPP, despite the US’ withdrawal.[+19 sentences] It is a strong signal that there are enough like-minded countries who believe that stronger economic linkages are mutually beneficial. We should ride on the momentum to expeditiously conclude the RCEP, which includes key players like China, India, Korea and all of the ASEAN countries. That will demonstrate to the world a strong commitment to free trade from Asia and a further indication that the centre of gravity of the world economy is shifting to Asia. At the same time, we should continue to work on bilateral linkages. There is great value in seeking more bilateral FTAs, such as the one we have just signed with Sri Lanka this year, which offers tangible benefits to Singapore companies doing business with Sri Lanka. We should also develop new government-to-government (G-to-G) business platforms with regional economies that come with complementary propositions. Such business platforms, which may be at local levels, are useful in-market networks for Singapore businesses. These additional linkages, designed with balanced two-way business reciprocity, would help mitigate our overall trade-related exposures, strengthen our economic resilience and also sustain healthier on-going trade and investment relations. Understandably, as companies venture into newer and less familiar emerging markets, it does come with more risks and challenges for the companies. Here, the economic agencies and the TACs can do more to help companies to moderate the steep learning curve. It can help companies that are entering into new markets by providing the regions’ specific insights and research, assist with grants and support programmes and, of increasing importance, to facilitate effective networking in overseas markets among Singaporean companies. The sense among companies that I have encountered is that we have yet to finesse the way to “hunt in packs” when venturing overseas. I understand that, so far, the partnerships and collaborations among companies that venture overseas are sporadic, informal and not well-curated at times. The sectoral-focused ITMs are important ecosystem set-ups to uplift capabilities. But it may be too vertically aligned to help enable cross-sectoral collaborations when companies venture overseas. So, an overlay of horizontal linkages across different sectoral ITMs can better bring out the synergistic value between companies and, hopefully, help to bear more fruits. The merged Enterprise SG is now the main workhorse but we can leverage on the bigger TACs which have an overseas presence, as well as the large-size leading Singapore conglomerates which could act like queen bees to bring the smaller companies along and collaborate. Mr Speaker, the other area is to enhance our connectivity with the rest of the world in the non-physical dimensions. Singapore has been successful in developing regional hubs. It has helped better connect and plug our tiny island to the rest of the world. We should continue to invest and upgrade our physical connectivity, such as building Terminal 5, Tuas Mega Port and other infrastructure to stay ahead of the pack.[+4 sentences] But we know that many economies are also having similar aspirations and many do want to model after the Singapore experience. With enough capital and enough political determination, there is no stopping these countries in the region from building and replicating physical hubs, such as ports, airports or new specific-themed hubs. So, just competing on building more state-of-the-art physical infrastructure alone is not enough to maintain our superiority in global connectivity. We need to work on soft attributes, as the new MTI Addendum has charted. The Addendum outlined the strategy that by further enhancing our connectivity in the non-physical dimensions, it will facilitate companies and people from around the world to do business with Singapore, through Singapore and on Singapore platforms.[+3 sentences] And through both the excellent physical and digital connectivity, we can add value to the flows of capital, goods and services, whether they may be conducted in or through Singapore or elsewhere. This is a refreshing mindset to look at how we can extract greater value from the network, where connectivity begets further connectivity. If executed well, this would position Singapore as a key node in Asia and open up new streams of opportunities for Singapore companies and Singaporeans. For this to work, we need to deepen our digital capabilities and infrastructure. We need to digitally connect with other jurisdictions, such as the currently being negotiated ASEAN Innovation Network, as well as with other key commercial players in the digital space.[+10 sentences] There are already bilateral digital initiatives being pursued, such as the Blk 71 Launchpads in Indonesia, Suzhou and San Francisco. And with more of such linkages, it would proliferate further ideas and business flows. Upping the game in digital capabilities is already a major thrust in the future economy strategy. Both at the enterprises and individual skills level, the Government is already driving adoption of digital technology, as well as helping the workforce with the requisite skills through ITMs and other initiatives. Sir, products, services, transactions and queries-generated data are of valuable commercial insights. Consumers today are prepared to pay for customisation, instantaneous response and a competitive premium for efficiency and quality. The Singapore platform must have capabilities to harness the value of data and to be a trusted hub for data and AI, which are increasingly part of the connectivity value chain. We need to design a facilitative regulatory framework for a data-driven economy to thrive. The innovation and entrepreneurial connectivity is also another dimension to add new intrinsic value into the Singapore network. We do have an increasingly vibrant startup scene. Singapore is now an established hub for R&D activities involving the research institutes, IHLs and the enterprises. This is in line with FEC’s plans to build a Global Innovation Alliance (GIA) which serves as a platform for innovation collaboration between Singapore-based enterprises and institutions with overseas partners.[+7 sentences] Singapore is well-suited to be part of the global innovation value chain because of the integrity of our system. Innovators can be assured that their IPs or their data will be protected and we must resolutely safeguard this advantage. Our highly trusted legal system and its enforceability are among the key cornerstones for Singapore to be the reputable global financial centre that it is today. And this is one connectivity that we must continually strengthen and ensure that we stay ahead. Mr Speaker, at this juncture, I would like to declare my interest that I work in a financial institution involved in financial services. A vibrant financial sector is integral to Singapore being a globally connected city and a competitive economy. As Asia continues its strong growth trajectory, demand for financial services in the region will grow exponentially, whether it is trade finance, enterprise finance, infrastructure finance, capital markets, wealth management or risk management. It is, therefore, imperative that Singapore further scale up its financial connectivity capacity, both in breadth and depth so that it can fully benefit from the growing opportunities. I am heartened that the ITM for financial services sets out a comprehensive strategy to grow the sector by 4.3% per annum and to create 4,000 jobs every year, including 1,000 jobs in the fintech sector.[+11 sentences] Talent remains the key and we have to expand and deepen the talent pool, perhaps even bringing back early-retired financial professionals to help top-up our pool of expertise. There is high demand for talents in many areas. For example, given the booming infrastructural needs in the region, best-in-class regional specialists are needed to structure complex cross-border financing and to anchor its value in Singapore; or in the insurance sector, with more global and regional insurance companies setting up presence in Singapore, they are in need of solution specialists to address emerging risks in the region. Recently, I read in the news that Citibank has set up a China desk in Singapore to advise and service their Chinese clients that are investing into ASEAN. I suppose they do that because they see Singapore as having the needed professionals with the expertise and familiarity in the regional economies and, at the same time, is equipped to also serve their Chinese clients that are internationalising into the region. Here, the talent in Singapore becomes the connector between the Chinese companies in China and the regional opportunities in, say, ASEAN, through the Singapore platform. This would be a significant niche for ourselves that is not easily replicable. There will be more demand of such talents going forward, with an economically busy Asia and with mega initiatives, such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) taking off with more large-scale projects in the region. We need a bigger pool of talents with deep knowledge of the regional markets, able to deal with the local market's complexity and its risk, understand the different jurisdictions, business practices, cultures and even languages and ability to develop professional and workable relationships with these entities, among others. The financial sector ITMs can continuously monitor the state of talent flows and also track whether we have fared well in expanding the Singaporean Core. Mr Speaker, as China grows and internationalise in leaps and bounds, we should look to expand our connectivity with China further. The Chongqing Connectivity Initiative (CCI) Southern Transport Corridor (STC) is an innovative positioning to leverage on the BRI and also on what we can offer. We also look forward to the conclusion of the upgraded China-Singapore FTA to expand trade relations.[+1 sentence] In the last decade, the Chinese yuan or RMB has been progressively internationalised. Singapore is now one of the RMB clearing centres and China has extended its RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (RQFII) programme to Singapore.[+1 sentence] RMB is gaining credentials to be another reserve currency of the world and we will see more international transactions settled in RMB in the decades ahead. For Singapore to stay relevant as a financial centre, the connectivity to China’s financial markets is crucial.[+11 sentences] We need to seek more access so that we can participate into China’s inbound and outbound capital flows that are destined to grow further and to position ourselves as one of the key trading and settlement centres for RMB as it becomes more internationalised. Finally, Sir, while we are increasingly more selective in attracting MNCs to Singapore, it remains an important strategy for us. MNCs can also serve as a connector for Singapore to the rest of the world. The MTI Addendum stated it very well that MNCs bring along with them ideas, innovative capabilities and create new values for Asian markets. In working with local suppliers, it helps to transfer knowledge and deepen capabilities of our enterprises and keeps us abreast of developments and trends in the global marketplace. When MNCs hub their regional critical functions here, whether it is marketing, operations, finance or R&D, it helps to add yet another layer of business linkage where local and other international enterprises can be networked into. We can foster greater partnership between local companies, MNCs and Asian conglomerates to venture into other regional locations and, together, leverage on one another's strengths, as well as share the risks. Mr Speaker, our economy must stay relevant to the world and the region. It is on this basis that we build our value as a vibrant economy. On the economic front, we have never shied away from making bold decisions or taking bold actions, whether it is investing huge capital into building worldclass infrastructures like airports and seaports, or reclaiming Jurong Island to develop it into a petrochemical complex. More recently, we invested significantly to build R&D capabilities and also took bold actions to reduce our dependence on foreign labour. Under the future economy strategy, we continue to make bold moves to build the digital economy, to deepen transformation efforts via the 23 ITMs and to strive ahead with a whole-of-system effort to build a future-ready workforce.[+3 sentences] The game plans are there and we are well-resourced to carry out those plans. What we need next is to excite the businesses to see these opportunities, seek to upgrade their capabilities through the ITMs or others and build a solid bench strength of talents to seek the new frontiers. Mr Speaker, I support the Motion. 2.14 pm
The Minister for Trade and Industry (Mr Chan Chun Sing)4228 words
[+29 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, for 53 years, Singapore has not only survived, but thrived in spite of it. We lack the conventional hinterland for access to resources and markets. So, we worked hard to grow our economic lifelines, connecting ourselves to the world. And in building a collective future for ourselves, we strived hard to unite our people from different races, languages and religions. There is, indeed, much that we can be proud of. However, we must never be complacent about our shared future. In these times of rapid geopolitical shifts, technological disruption and transition, many Singaporeans are concerned, and understandably so. Many ask very simple questions: can Singapore continue to thrive? Will there be opportunities for future generations to similarly realise their potential? Will we remain united despite the many forces that threaten to pull us apart? These are important questions and I am heartened that Singaporeans are concerned with these important issues. While we must be alert and alive to the challenges, we need not be afraid. Challenges there will always be; so, too, will opportunities. Our challenges do not define us; our responses will. Our challenges are not insurmountable. And just like the generations before us, we, too, can be "pioneers of our generation". Pioneers who will build and leave behind a stronger foundation. Pioneers who define success not just by how well we do for ourselves, but also enabling the next generation to do even better than us. Today, I will cover three broad areas. First, how we must stay relevant to secure our place in the world in an uncertain geopolitical and rapidly evolving economic environment. Second, what we, as "pioneers of our generation", must do to create a brighter future for all Singaporeans. Third, why we must continue to keep our systems refreshed and special to keep our country successful. Let me start with Singapore's place in the world. The relative shift of geopolitical and economic weight between the West and the East, as epitomised by the US and China, will define the global security and economic environment for many years to come. Many ask: which side should we be on? This is not the right way to frame the issue. As a small country with an open economy, we believe in a rules-based, connected and interdependent world. Our task is not in choosing sides. Small states, more than any others, must be principled. If others ever attach a price to our position or stand, no one will take us seriously ever again. We were the host to the historic meetings between China and Taiwan – the Wang-Koo meeting in 1993 and the Xi-Ma meeting in 2015. We will be the host for the upcoming summit between the US and North Korea in June. Our principled stand and neutrality were some reasons why Singapore was chosen for these meetings.[+13 sentences] Our task and priority is to ensure that we remain relevant. To do this, we need to have a deep understanding of the different interests, institutions and individuals shaping global developments. All of us – Government, businesses and private individuals – must understand the world and, collectively, remain alert to the forces impacting us and for us to navigate them carefully. Let me illustrate with an example. China is a fast-evolving giant and China is not monolithic. Its interests vary and differ across its security, economic and social dimensions. There are also different provinces and different layers of government, each with its own perspectives and priorities. This tells us two things. First, to be relevant to China, we cannot rely on old mindsets and solutions. China is not looking for “hand-me-down” solutions. They are looking to develop their own solutions to their own unique challenges; sometimes by themselves, sometimes with partners. Second, given the different interests and perspectives, knowing only the central government will be necessary but insufficient. To do business with China, we must understand the different provinces and personalities as well. Only then can we provide more relevant ideas for mutual benefit in a timely manner. Now that China has moved beyond attracting foreign investments into venturing abroad, we must ask ourselves how we can play a role in partnering the Chinese to explore third markets or how we can become a platform for them to reach out to third markets.[+6 sentences] However, this does not mean that we become more Chinese or do we replicate the western model for them. Instead, we must contribute to the partnership as Singapore – a multiracial and multicultural society, capable of developing unique solutions to our shared challenges, having learnt from both the East and West. There are many successful Singaporeans making waves in China because they bring this unique value. I had, earlier today, shared a video on my Facebook that illustrates this. The short film shows how enterprising and spirited Singaporeans can be and how we can be relevant to China at different levels. How we relate to China must also be how we relate to the rest of the world. With the US, we not only deepen collaboration with American companies in areas, such as smart-city solutions and e-commerce, we are also an established gateway, a launch-pad, for American companies seeking growth opportunities in the region.[+7 sentences] What is clear is that no one deals with Singapore for our domestic markets or resources alone. Instead, they leverage upon us as a platform to reach the region and the world. To remain effective and attractive, we must develop people with a deep understanding of the region and the world, so that we can create value when others come and do business with us. Our education and training models must similarly evolve in tandem to support this. Beyond the technical skills which we already excel in, Singaporeans must also be equipped with the mindsets and skillsets to operate and compete globally. This must be our competitive advantage and we can do more. I am encouraged by the ongoing efforts that give our people this very global exposure that we desire. Students who join Singapore Management University (SMU) from August this year, will need to participate in at least one overseas programme, before they can graduate.[+6 sentences] SMU believes that this will give its students a strong competitive edge and open doors to international networks and opportunities. I agree with them. More of our institutions should do so. We must also help Singaporeans – individuals, companies and businesses – access and penetrate the global markets better. We need to ask ourselves: can we redefine the role of the overseas Singapore chapters and chambers to build the necessary networks? These networks should be formed to achieve three outcomes: to connect Singapore to the world, to connect the world to Singapore and to connect fellow Singaporeans to compete in the world. To this end, EDB and associated agencies will collaborate to better organise and expand our overseas outreach. We will build a Singapore Talent Network to engage Singaporean families, friends and fans to be part of the Singapore Story.[+4 sentences] Our ability to network also depends on Singaporeans' ability to understand and work across cultures and nationalities. Besides enabling Singaporeans to gain overseas exposure, we must also be able to work with talented people from elsewhere locally. We must have the diversity of talent, both local and global. Foreign professionals with knowledge, skillsets and competencies working shoulder-to-shoulder with skilled Singaporean talent, cross-pollinating ideas and bringing out the best in each other. Such dynamism is what keeps Singapore a vibrant, exceptional place to do business in and this is the vital ingredient for our economic future. I have always aspired that we will, one day, build a global network of more than three million Singaporeans, 30 million Singaporean friends and, perhaps, 300 million Singaporean fans.[+3 sentences] And, together, we will write the next chapter of the Singapore story. To secure our place in the world, we must also better connect to the world as our hinterland, gaining access to resources and markets, and we need to step up in three areas. First, we need to widen our portfolio of markets to diversify our risks of relying on any single particular market. Our economic agencies are working hard to re-negotiate new Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and upgrade existing ones.[+19 sentences] We are continuously exploring new markets and support bilateral and multilateral trade efforts. Second, we need to go beyond the conventional dimensions of air, land and sea connectivity, as expressed by Member Mr Liang Eng Hwa, by ensuring that we are connected to the world in the dimensions of data, finance, talent and technology. We have much work to build on to entrench ourselves as a global node for data, finance, technology and connectivity. We need to move fast before others leapfrog and overtake us. Today's competition is no longer linear. Having a headstart does not mean that we will always be ahead. We can capitalise on finance and data flows by building on our reputation as a trusted financial and data hub. These "non-physical" dimensions of connectivity are increasingly essential to reinforce the physical dimensions of connectivity that we already have a headstart on. If we can strengthen and complement our connectivity across all dimensions, we can continue to transcend our physical challenges. Third, as global production and supply chains shift, we, too, must stay agile to connect to the new shifts. We need to move from getting others to trade with us, to trade through us, to also include for others to trade on our Singapore platforms. PSA is a fine example. Since the 1980s, we knew that we could not possibly compete with other mega ports in the world in terms of size, no matter how much we try to expand our port or reclaim the entire southern coastline from Changi to Jurong. Hence, PSA updated its strategy to become a global port and supply chain operator, to compete at the system and network level, rather than at the port level. Soon, the competition followed. Today, PSA is working with partners to use the PSA platform, regardless of where the trade flows may be. It is like having an "Intel" chip on an operating system inside the global trade flow operations. Our economy is maturing. To achieve sustained and quality economic growth, we must not only be able to attract activities here, we must also venture out. For the next lap of our economic growth story, we cannot just look at the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of what we do in Singapore only. We need to also focus on what we call the Gross National Income (GNI) of what we do in Singapore and beyond.[+13 sentences] It is not just about giving Singaporeans the best opportunities here in Singapore, but it is also about helping Singaporeans to seize the opportunities beyond Singapore. Mr Speaker, Sir, let me now turn to what it means for us to be "pioneers of our generation" so that we can create a better future for all Singaporeans together. To be pioneers of our generation, we must be clear-eyed about our challenges. Let me sketch out some of these challenges which my teammates will elaborate throughout this debate. There are at least six areas that we need to focus on: having an innovative economy, building an inclusive society, ensuring social mobility, building our future Singapore, building our national identity and building trust. Let me start with the first, on an innovation-driven economy. As any society matures, it is usual for it to become more conservative – choosing to uphold the existing system, rather than breaking new grounds. We cannot allow this to happen in Singapore. We need to keep up our vitality and verve. It is one thing to be the best-in-class for ports and airports. But it is another to be even better, ready for tomorrow's needs, ahead of time. It is one thing to beat someone else in a competition, it is another to beat our own standards, even when we are at the top, so that Singaporeans can have even brighter prospects in the future. We need to ensure that the pioneering spirit lives on by embracing change and innovation. Our enterprises must innovate and scale up and we need to better translate investments in research and development, into new capabilities and enterprises. A*STAR and Enterprise Singapore will lead this and work closely with our companies – be they large local enterprises or small, medium enterprises and trade associations – for all of us to realise this together.[+7 sentences] Senior Minister of State Chee Hong Tat will speak more about this. Second, fostering an inclusive society. Every generation aspires to do better than the previous. This is positive and this is what drives us to improve. We are aware that Singaporeans, particularly those who fall into the middle-income, middle-age category, are feeling the stresses and strains of technological and business disruptions. As leaders, it is our responsibility to ensure that everyone progresses together. In keeping faith with the Government, Singaporeans want us to understand their fears, concerns and aspirations. We need to continue to better help the striving broad middle group to keep improving their lives. We need to make sure that our training and skills upgrading are relevant and accessible, helping our workers to access opportunities throughout their entire lifecycle.[+4 sentences] We must do better for the weak and vulnerable in society. But beyond providing immediate relief, we must also enable them to do better for themselves. Minister Ng Chee Meng and the Labour Members of Parliament will elaborate more on the Labour Movement’s efforts, while Minister Masagos Zulkifli and others will speak about how we can foster a caring and inclusive society that is truly meritocratic. Third, to uphold social mobility. As society matures, social mobility tends to slow down, with social inequality becoming more apparent over time.[+7 sentences] This is often the result of "social clustering" of people from similar backgrounds. Social inequality is also partly caused by our human natural instincts to pass on wealth and privileges to our next generation. If left unchecked, our people may lose faith in our system of meritocracy and this can hurt our social compact. Can we mitigate the forces that widen social inequality? How can we better distribute the fruits of growth to a broad majority to prevent stratification as a society? We have seen the fallout from others who did not do so. Hence, upholding social mobility is something that we must take seriously. We want everybody to have a good start and to achieve their full potential. This means ensuring that opportunities are accessible to all who are hardworking, talented and committed; that opportunities are not just tied to academic grades, but also to the right aptitude and skills.[+34 sentences] Minister Ong Ye Kung and various Members will address some of these challenges. Fourth, as pioneers of our generation, it is also our responsibility to continue building and planning ahead for the next generation. As we progress towards SG100, we need to start planning not just for the next 50 years but also beyond. Many of our decisions today will determine whether the next generation can have an even better living environment than ours. For example, how do we refresh our HDB flats and estates? How do we prepare our transport, utilities, data infrastructures for the next lap? Minister Lawrence Wong and Senior Minister of State Janil Puthucheary will speak about these challenges and our responses. But the bottom line is this: we must never think that we are ever finished with building Singapore. We must never think that we are ever done building Singapore. Fifth, beyond economic and social development, our most critical piece of work is to rally our nation together. Our people must not merely be economic sojourners. They must have the natural instincts to defend what is ours, to build upon what we have and stay put even when the chips are down. A nation is not just about economic benefits. It is also about the sense of community and contribution. A true nation is one where its people will stay and fight for its future and build it all up even when the chips are down. This is the spirit of the 1965 generation and this is what we want to imbue in every generation of Singaporeans. How we communicate and work as a team will establish the foundation for our identity as Singaporeans. Minister Indranee Rajah will speak on this important topic of our Singapore identity and Minister Heng Swee Keat will also discuss how we intend to engage and partner fellow Singaporeans for the next lap. Last but not least, for Singaporeans to identify with one another and with this country, there must be trust between people and Government as well as amongst Singaporeans ourselves. To foster trust, leaders must lead by example, develop strong connections across different segments of our population, communicate with them effectively to mobilise them. The contest of ideas is constant. In fact, this has intensified in this digital age. We must work harder to let our people see and understand an issue for what it is; helping our people to become better informed of the challenges, options and rationale behind our choices. Only in this way can we all become more discerning, stay vigilant and own our choices and solutions together. With higher education, Singaporeans’ aspirations and expectations also evolve. They want to be heard, considered and respected. So, we have to keep channels open for everyone to share their views and work on strengthening our engagement. If we can do this well, we will remain cohesive as a nation. If we can have a common vision, a common set of goals and putting our national priorities above all, we will emerge stronger than ever. Mr Speaker, Sir, let me touch on the last set of topics I would like to speak on today and, that is, keeping our systems refreshed and special. Singapore has come this far because of trust, teamwork as well as our ability and guts to develop our own systems to meet our unique needs. As a small city-state with a multiracial society, situated in a volatile region, without a conventional hinterland and with no one else to depend on for our defence, our circumstances are, indeed, unique. And while we study other systems and adapt them where suitable, we must not copy blindly or become "intellectually colonised". We must remain prepared to develop systems that work best for us. More importantly, for us to also constantly update them to meet our evolving needs. This has been our approach on issues like National Service, HDB and housing, CPF, as well as the GRC system and Elected Presidency.[+1 sentence] Today, we are also fostering stronger collaboration and synergies and tapping on different networks in society for their views and expertise. For example, in our efforts to renew our economy through the ITMs and help our workers seize the opportunities ahead, we will not just involve the Government agencies alone.[+1 sentence] It must also include our Trade Associations and Chambers, our enterprises and the Labour Movement. Rather than a "whole-of-Government" strategy, we will work on a "whole-of-nation" strategy.[+20 sentences] Next, beyond having good and nimble systems, we must have good people. People build systems. People also corrupt systems. We have seen examples of both democratic and socialist systems failing; often, by people with the wrong motivations. To bring forth good people to serve is a never-ending challenge. It is difficult enough to bring forth good people who would sacrifice their personal and family interests for the country. This is especially so when the country is already successful, peaceful and prosperous. But we must continue to try. We need to find the strongest set of individuals not just to solve today's current problems, but also to prevent future problems from arising in the first place. This means that we need diverse skillsets and perspectives, so that we can combine them as necessary and tackle challenges together, when circumstances change. This cannot be left to chance. The PAP Government will spare no effort. This applies to the political leadership team, as much as it applies to the Public Service and business community. Agreeing with us is not the prerequisite. Agreeing to put Singapore first and foremost is the prerequisite. Having found the strongest set of individuals is still not enough; what we must then do is to mould them into the strongest team possible. Countries with more resources may afford to have less cohesive leadership teams and still survive. But, for Singapore, we must ensure that we have the strongest leadership team possible, for others to take us seriously and be willing to work with us. For Singapore, this teamwork does not just exist within one generation. It is also between generations. Our leadership model is to have overlapping generations of leadership teams to help the next generation do even better.[+2 sentences] This provides continuity in our interaction with others and for us to compete at the highest global level with consistency in vision and execution with purpose. All these leadership traits – commitment, teamwork, courage to evolve, a sense of mission – are what we will need to keep our systems special. At this juncture, I would also like to place on record our appreciation to Mr Low Thia Khiang, as leader of the Workers’ Party for the last 17 years.[+20 sentences] Allow me to continue in Mandarin, Mr Speaker, Sir. (In Mandarin): Mr Speaker, although Mr Low Thia Khiang is a Member of the Opposition, he is, nevertheless, a fellow Singaporean and very much a part of Team Singapore. While we may not always agree with his perspectives or methods, we, nevertheless, appreciate his efforts to work together to build a better Singapore, as the leader of the Workers' Party. Although Mr Low may have different perspectives, but, from his speeches, we can detect his pride in Singapore and his determination to defend our sovereignty. Here, we would like to thank Mr Low Thia Khiang. We look forward to similarly working with Mr Pritam Singh and the Workers' Party to put Singapore's and Singaporeans' interests first, always. Mr Speaker, Sir, politics is not just about winning votes. It is about serving our country and people. To win votes by stoking anger and unhappiness may be a common practice in politics elsewhere, but this is negative politics and is not constructive. To win the hearts and votes of our people, we must work hard to develop sound policies for our common future. I hope that all of us will continue to define our politics in constructive ways. All along, my belief is that we want political leaders, not just politicians, to lead Singapore; leaders who weigh options carefully before acting decisively and never opt for just the most expedient idea or solution for personal interests or short-term gains. It also means not shying away from making difficult or unpopular decisions, but being guided by that resolve to always do what is in the best interests of Singapore and Singaporeans, never shirking responsibilities towards our current and future generations. Always putting our country and people first, our political leaders must treat people with sincerity. They know that our achievement today is built on the foundation of what our previous generations have left behind. Therefore, the responsibility of every generation is to leave behind a better Singapore for future generations. They also know that the success of each generation is defined by the success of the next generation. (In English): Mr Speaker, Sir, let me conclude in English. In the next lap of our country's history, we will have our fair share of challenges and opportunities for our generation. But we can be confident that we will build an even brighter future for ourselves and our future generations. To secure our place in the world, we have to value add to stay relevant, build our networks and be able to compete globally, in order to transcend our constraints of geography and resources and, instead, turn them into opportunities.[+1 sentence] As pioneers of our generation, we must continue to break new grounds, build on our fundamentals that have brought us this far, so that we can continue to enable the next generation to succeed even more than us. To keep Singapore successful, our systems and politics must be special and refreshed, suited to our own unique circumstances and needs. We will also need to do more to inspire yet another generation of Singaporeans to come forth to serve Singapore, in spite of.[+2 sentences] We can, and we will, together, write the next chapter of our Singapore story that is meaningful, engaging and real for all Singaporeans. Our 1965 generation has achieved that with much less. They had overcome their share of the challenges to leave us the Singapore we have today. There is absolutely no reason why our generation which has so much more cannot leave behind an even better Singapore for the next generation.[+2 sentences] We can, together, become Singapore Unlimited. Unlimited by our geography, unlimited by our size, unlimited by our resources. We can only be limited by the scale of our ambition and drive. And our scale of ambition and drive will determine how far we progress as a nation for the next 50 years and more.[+1 sentence] Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion. 2.46 pm
Mr Christopher de Souza (Holland-Bukit Timah)2296 words
[+17 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I support this Motion. Our nation is going through a period of transition – from one generation of leaders to the next, drawing upon the wisdom and experience of the past while needing to forge new paths in this ever-changing world. But there are some things that remain constant. The first is the national aspiration. Singapore is like a ship. Aspiration is navigation, – the direction we are headed to. It is about vision. It is about hope. The President has outlined key priorities for the Government's latter half of this term. One of them is "Building a Well-connected, World-class City for Singaporeans". This is aspiration. Part of Singapore is the Southern Islands, seven islets: Kusu Island, Lazarus Island, Pulau Seringat, Pulau Tekukor, St John's Island and, now, the Sisters' Islands. They are a treasure trove. Land in land-scarce Singapore, but not just land. It is nature, beauty, memories and rest. Sisters' Islands house a marine diving trail. There are coral, blue waters, flora and fauna unique to the islands, rich biodiversity. In order to better protect the biodiversity, we have extended the protection under the Parks and Trees Act to marine parks last November.[+7 sentences] Currently, only St John's Island and Kusu Island are served by regular ferries and Lazarus Island is connected to St John's Island with a pedestrian causeway. The rest, besides Pulau Tekukor, are accessed through chartered yachts or chartered ferries. Singapore may be resource less but we are not resourceless. We should consider how we can bring out the biodiversity potential of the Southern Islands, while increasing connectivity to the islands so that Singaporeans can enjoy this part of Singapore. My aspiration is that the Southern Islands become a network, a neighbourhood of recreational parks where there are nature, biodiversity research and connectivity between the islands and the islands with the main island. Nature and connectivity need not be mutually exclusive. Accessible, yet preserved. Another aspiration I have is to consider the setting up of a Singapore Stewardship Fund. Without costing employers more, a percentage of the salary of a foreign worker, perhaps 10%-20%, can be put directly into a special savings account.[+2 sentences] This account, which would be able to pool together contributions from many other workers, would be able to earn a more attractive interest on the sum of money pooled. Upon termination of the work permit or pass, the worker can choose to cash out on the savings, or, if there is a renewal of the work permit, the worker can also choose to roll over the savings. If this arrangement is done on an opt-in basis, a discount on the worker's levy could be considered, thereby benefiting the employer, which, in turn, could provide a financial incentive for the employer to opt in.[+10 sentences] From the money deposited from his own salary into the worker's Stewardship Fund or account, there could be possible categories of expenditures that he can draw down on, for example, payment for enrichment or training courses accredited by the Government. It is hoped that, through a Stewardship Fund, foreign workers will be able to enjoy and utilise a nest egg when they go home to their families, for whom they have come here to work. Just as we cherish the contributions that Singaporeans make, we also cherish the contributions that foreign workers have made to our city. We also want them to come and add that extra value to our livelihoods, communities and culture. Therefore, for as long as they are here, we should be stewards of their lives, we should be good hosts, to build up and benefit their lives as they have ours. How this fits in with aspirations to "secure a place in the world for Singapore" is that, by doing so, the foreign workers will leave with fond memories of Singapore, that the links built will forge the path for reciprocal goodwill and friendship. In this way, we can build up an overseas family of workers who have once worked and lived in Singapore, and secure a place in the world for Singapore and for her values. A third aspiration I wish to talk about today is the ability to make tough decisions. The President said that we need to be able to go for bold changes, not merely to be content to tweak at the margins. To take such an approach, we need to make sure we retain the ability to make tough decisions. For example, when renewing casino licences every three years, the question for us should not just be whether there should be a three-year extension but the question we should visit and contemplate is a more fundamental one: whether in this present economic climate, we need casinos at all.[+17 sentences] Being able to revisit decisions, as tough as such revisiting is, must always be on the cards. This will also make sure that we are not overly reliant on the revenue generated from casinos to meet national expenditure. It creates the discipline of prudence. We should never get into a corner where we have to rely on tax on gambling revenue to meet expenditure needs. So, tough decisions must include revisiting policies. A similar aspiration applies in the international arena. Even as we recognise the importance of "upholding international law and the role of supra-national institutions", we need to make sure we retain the ability to stand for what we believe is best for Singapore. Aspirations help to direct, to navigate, a new course for our nation's future. In this, teamwork is key. It is teamwork that helps direct the course of the ship and maintains her seaworthiness in times of squall or in times of calm. Teamwork is key. Over the years of being a Member of Parliament, I have seen how teamwork is key. I truly hope that there will not be over-focus on one person or persons. I would much rather that the team be looked at for the prowess and the calibre of the whole team and not the characteristics of an individual person. Allow me to share, from my experiences, why I think this is very important. There are occasions when I raise issues that are close to my heart with the Prime Minister. In some instances, the Prime Minister would support the ideas I had suggested. For example, I had asked the Prime Minister to consider whether he would support the introduction of a Private Member's Bill on the Prevention of Human Trafficking. The Prime Minister offered his guidance and shared his insights on how any introduction of a new law would entail collaboration with multiple agencies, in terms of enforcement and that, at some stages, the path to a private Bill would be tough. Yet, the Prime Minister supported it and it was very much a team effort between Minister Masagos from Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Minister Chan Chun Sing who was leading MSF at the time and Minister Tan Chuan-Jin who helmed MOM. Without Prime Minister's support, and each of the Ministers lending their weight to the policy, it would not have been pushed into law.[+38 sentences] Equally important are the times the Prime Minister has had to deal with matters from the front, leading the team and the debate publicly on difficult topics and policies. Yet, often times, the responsibility does not rest with the Prime Minister alone. Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean weighed in on heavy topics, such as Ministerial Salaries, and the Little India riot. I was here, I saw them first-hand. These are heavy topics and displayed how important teamwork is in Parliament, in Cabinet and in the caring for Singapore. It is not a one-man show. Teamwork is important and this was so for the recent debates on the Motions on terrorism and the drug menace. Minister K Shanmugam was deep in his thinking to agree that these were important topics to debate and, hence, rendered his support at the Ministerial level, and even participated in the debate. As there were many things on his plate at that time in the lead-up to the debate, the GPC worked with Minister Desmond Lee, Mrs Josephine Teo and Mr Amrin Amin. Topics discussed were what are the enforcement capabilities that we can deliver in terms of reducing the drug menace, how we could overcome or mend the break in trust if an attack did vest on our shores – these were some of the types of questions the GPC and Members had to ask of them. Why? In order that the debates displayed accurately the capability of our forces and that, what we say, we do, so, the threats are deterred as best we can. After all, that was the team's aim for the debate. Therefore, it is a team effort among many different Ministers, Ministries and, indeed, Members of this House. It is a structure that does not rest on the shoulders of one man or one woman. This is even more evident when we see in action the Singapore team travel on state visits. Sometimes, there are about six to seven Members in the political delegation, made up of front- and back-benchers as well as the team leader. Two years ago, I witnessed first-hand how our Prime Minister engaged with President Barack Obama on the state visit to Washington DC. I saw how he, as the leader of the team and of the Government, was clear in his mind what our positions were and how he engaged with the Americans on many topics and fronts. But there were other team members, too, including Dr Vivian Balakrishnan, whom I saw first-hand engaging world leaders – people like Mr Joe Biden, Mr John Kerry and Ms Susan Rice – on significant issues. Part of that same delegation were Mr S Iswaran, Mr Chan Chun Sing, Mr Ong Ye Kung, Ms Rahayu Mahzam and Ms Chia Yong Yong. Each one had a significant role to play. Again, the point I am making is that teamwork is key. It cannot rest on the shoulders of one man or one woman. Another illustration of how teamwork is important is through the previous debate on the President's Address in January 2016. During the debate, Minister Heng Swee Keat was able to gather the views of many of us who shared our aspirations for our country and the constituents we serve and, during the debate, attributed many of these points to the Members present. Again, such attribution shows how each Member of the House has something to give. And each of us here lean on our grassroots leaders, community volunteers and, certainly, our families to serve each resident. I am sorry I have not mentioned all Members in my speech. But this does not detract from the point that I am trying to make: that all of us here, and, indeed, every resident that we serve, have a role in the next chapter of our Singapore story. But besides aspiration that gives us direction and, teamwork, which is the all-important glue, it is the motivation to serve that is the fuel that keeps the ship of Singapore going. At its base, it is not just about teamwork or advancing the interest of Singapore and Singaporeans, but it is about our motivation, what makes us tick. The reason why we are here: it is serving Singapore and Singaporeans. Allow me to share two examples. Dr Balaji Sadasivan, a man I deeply respect. In 2010, unfortunately, he had come down with cancer and, being a doctor himself, knew that he did not have much time more. I remember seeing him coming to Parliament two weeks before he passed away. He already looked drawn and thin. In the Members' Room, I saw him sit down with Mr Inderjit Singh, and I think the Prime Minister was there, too. And he was explaining to Mr Inderjit Singh and the Prime Minister all the duties that had to be fulfilled so that the residents in Dr Balaji's ward in Ang Mo Kio would continue to be served and would not be prejudiced by his illness.[+5 sentences] He passed away two weeks later. That made a lasting impression on me. To me, Dr Balaji displayed a motivation so pure. And other examples are the many former back-benchers and front-benchers who continue to serve with vigour and rigour: Mr S Chandra Das, Dr S Vasoo, Mr Lau Ping Sum, Mr Zainal Abidin Rasheed and many, many more. The motivation for coming into politics is to serve; to serve as part of a team. The conclusion I have drawn thus far is that, if there is right motivation and there is teamwork, we will have an effective and efficient Parliament, which makes for an effective and efficient Cabinet, which makes for an effective and good Prime Minister; a strong leader.[+3 sentences] That responsibility of leadership is shared by everyone. Every Member of this House shares that responsibility, including all residents we serve. So, my hope, my humble hope, is that aspirations of Singapore, with which I started my speech, and the aspirations of all Singaporeans we have the sacred duty to represent here in this Chamber, will be held in the precious crucible of teamwork and correct motivation. It matters less to me the good traits of an individual or a group of individuals. It matters more to me that the values and principles of incorruptibility, the dare to aspire, the right motivations, importance of selfless service and strong teamwork continue to be the genetic make-up of any team that is to propel Singapore to greater heights. That makes for a very secure formula, a very unique formula, that will benefit Singaporeans for generations to come. That formula of teamwork will ensure that Singaporeans will win. 3.02 pm
Ms Foo Mee Har (West Coast)1615 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion to thank our President for her Address. The Thirteenth Parliament is re-opening in rosier times. Measures which the Government put in place over the last few years are beginning to show green shoots. Last year, our economy grew at 3.6%, exceeding forecasts. Overall, labour productivity grew at 4.5%, marking the highest productivity growth since 2010, fewer workers were retrenched for the first time in seven years and real wages rose steadily for all income groups.[+10 sentences] Yet, the President reminded us that our long-term challenges remain broadly unchanged. Our economy needs to restructure towards higher value-added activities and stay dynamic, we need to secure Singapore’s place in the world, we need to stay focused on upgrading skills and we need to forge a caring and inclusive society. And we must keep up our efforts to make Singapore an exceptional nation. I am encouraged by the determination and resolve of the fourth-generation (4G) leadership that I sense through the President’s Address. I am excited by their appetite to undertake the "bold changes" needed to navigate the unchartered waters that lie ahead for Singapore. These attributes are necessary to take Singapore forward through our next phase of development. Mr Speaker, I would like to focus my speech on Singapore’s priority to develop a vibrant economy with good jobs and opportunities for workers. In order to sustain a vibrant economy despite an ageing population, a tight labour market and the changing nature of work brought on by technological disruptions, we really need fresh perspectives, breakthrough ideas and decisive action to lead us there. The current tight labour market is really a key constraint for business growth. Growth in our local workforce is expected to slow further, unfortunately. A recent study by Korn Ferry Futurestep predicted that Singapore will be one of the countries with the highest risks of a severe talent crunch, estimating that we will be short of more than one million skilled workers by 2030.[+16 sentences] This issue of talent and jobs is closely linked to the accelerating pace of technological disruption in transforming industries, business models and jobs. The future of work is now one of the hottest topics in many industries, provoking much debate and predictions about the impact of automation technology like artificial intelligence and robotics on jobs, skills and wages. I, for one, think we need not surrender to the nightmare scenario where we would all be replaced by robots. The most significant disruption will come from an increasing rate of change in job destruction and job creation, including new forms of work, as well as skills churn within existing occupations. Machine learning and robotics will replace specific tasks previously performed by humans, freeing them to focus on new tasks and leading to rapidly-changing core skillsets in various occupations. Workers will have to learn new skills to work alongside increasingly capable machines. Therefore, in order to avoid having a class of people becoming unemployed and under-employed, it is imperative that we develop effective strategies to help Singaporeans make the transition, have them retrained, reskilled and capable of performing new kinds of work. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution takes hold in different industries and job families, it, unfortunately, will affect different segments of society differently. Automation promises great gains for higher skilled workers who can innovate, create and apply new developments, whilst mid- to low-skilled workers will be at greatest risk of being replaced by technology. And here, we must guard against the increasing polarisation of employability, which will exacerbate income inequality. Job families expecting the highest employment growth – in science, technology, engineering and mathematics – currently have some of the lowest female participation rates and continue to find it much harder to recruit women. Yet, at the same time, women are over-represented in other job families, such as office and administrative roles – the ones that are expected to experience heavy disruptions. Seniors will be more adversely affected than younger workers. The Government must put in place the necessary measures to ensure equal opportunities for all and avoid inequality being exacerbated by the digital divide. Mr Speaker, if it is any consolation at all, Singapore is not alone in facing this digital challenge. Nations the world over are struggling to deal with the social and political implications of impact on jobs and society brought on by information technology, artificial intelligence and robotics. In fact, the World Economic Forum’s White Paper on Realising Human Potential in the Fourth Industrial Revolution actually highlights Singapore’s SkillsFuture movement as a global best practice and role model.[+2 sentences] I applaud the Government for launching this visionary initiative as far back as 2015. I think it is time that we step on the accelerator for SkillsFuture, if it is to go the distance that we expect, at the speed it needs to. The movement needs to evolve from one that prides itself on offering thousands of courses in a plethora of fields catering to individuals’ interests, to a system that lays out a clear path linking lifelong learning to skills and jobs dynamically.[+3 sentences] It needs to become the new engine of education that drives Singapore’s growth and development, in much the same way that educating and training our children and young adults have helped propel our growth over the last 50 years. We need to move from front-loading our citizens’ education in the earlier part of their lives to helping them learn at all stages of their lives. We need to develop lifelong learning institutions, as well as the necessary discipline and comprehensive infrastructure, to ensure that a strong culture of learning and an ecosystem of continuing education take root. The World Economic Forum’s report on the Future of Jobs estimates that 35% of core skills required to perform today’s jobs will change or be wholly new by the year 2020.[+2 sentences] SkillsFuture must be capable of providing the adult learning that is vital to ensure today’s entire workforce can cope with the disruptions to come and be prepared for new skills requirements in both existing and new roles. To achieve this, SkillsFuture needs to partner academic institutions, vocational training providers, trade associations and employers to develop and incentivise customised training solutions capable of lifting skill levels of the whole workforce, industry by industry. With our economic transformation efforts focused around the 23 ITMs, I urge the Government to consider launching SkillsFuture for ITMs, in order to ensure strong alignment of training efforts with industry needs and future growth.[+7 sentences] Trade associations and industry task forces in the respective ITMs should play an active role with training providers in defining competency-based credentialing and recognition systems, as well as creating a continuous feedback loop between labour market needs and training requirements. They should collaborate to develop robust and scalable training interventions to benefit the whole industry cluster, lifting skill levels in the sector through systematic accreditation of workers. Mr Speaker, despite our best efforts, the rate of technological disruption will probably result in some degree of job displacement. For some workers, it may even occur multiple times during their careers. We must, therefore, strengthen the support systems for dislocated workers. The key is to ensure that they are re-employed quickly to avoid sticky unemployment or under-employment. Based on feedback from residents who have tried finding jobs through current employment services centres, it is evident that the operating model will have to evolve to include new partnerships and mechanisms that better connect workers to jobs, and jobs to workers. Job-matching efforts should be integrated with SkillsFuture and ITMs as well as income safety nets during periods of displacement.[+3 sentences] There should be early warning systems for possible lay-offs and rapid response mechanisms for career counselling and job placement tightly coordinated. Even as we work on positioning Singaporeans favorably in the global marketplace for talent, Singapore must remain a magnet for expertise that our industries need but cannot fill locally. We must deal squarely with calls for help from businesses struggling with manpower shortages. I support the manpower-lean approach as the way forward and agree that we should maintain the overall ratio of local to foreign talent in our workforce. However, we should review our foreign manpower policy to introduce a differentiated intake approach to enable acquisition of capability in new domains critical to Singapore's future growth, such as expertise in data analytics, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity, whilst balancing this with reduced intakes in other areas. So, rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach, foreign manpower policy should evolve to include skill-based factors that prioritises certain types of skills and expertise over others, within a quota system.[+8 sentences] The system should provide transparency and predictability in order to help companies plan their growth strategies in Singapore. Mr Speaker, we are confronted with formidable challenges that require new ways of thinking about education and training, not just for a season, but for a lifetime. But we have been here before. In 1974, Mr Lee Kuan Yew said, “Our lives and our children’s future must be built on a solid infrastructure of education and skills, tuned to high performance by efficient management, always able to respond quickly to sudden changes in the world.” Just as we were called upon in the country’s early years to take our fledgling nation of poorly-skilled factory labourers to one that served up world-class manufacturing and top-flight services, so we are now called upon, once again, to shape Singapore’s "future of work". This will be an undertaking for all Singaporeans – Government leaders, corporations and individuals – everyone playing their part and aligned towards the same vision. We must be equal to the task, for the sake of our future. I support the Motion. 3.15 pm
Mr Pritam Singh (Aljunied)1856 words
[+14 sentences]Mr Speaker, in addition to laying out the Government's plans for the rest of the term, the President's Address this year was noteworthy, particularly for the upcoming transfer of power from the third to the fourth generation of PAP leaders. Three remarks, in particular, shone through. Firstly, the new PAP leaders cannot take the people's trust for granted and assume that the right to lead will automatically pass from one generation to another. Secondly, the 4G leaders ought to resist the temptation not to go for bold changes. And, thirdly, the 4G leadership must fire up and mobilise the spirit and energy of young Singaporeans. One thread that binds these three directives is the ability and willingness to listen to the people. This trait can be understated, especially in light of the dominance of the PAP and its electoral success over more than five decades of uninterrupted rule. However, societal norms and expectations of political leadership have evolved. Alternative views will have to be addressed, accommodated and considered thoughtfully so as to allow us to move forward together as one Singapore. What the Government should not do is to close the door or resign itself to the politics of majoritarianism when a sensitive or difficult subject comes along, but, instead, invest a lot more energy to engage and explain, for our people have more than their fair share of good ideas. If the approach of the 4G leaders is to ignore, silence or ridicule alternative ideas, they will fail to galvanise and spur all Singaporeans to greater heights; or worse, they may even engender a divided society, rendering the message of inclusivity hollow and without substance. This would be an untenable outcome for the continued success of a small country like Singapore that needs to pursue innovation and excellence and to conceive new ways of doing things to greater vigour than ever before. I will focus my speech on the cost of living, a topic which the Workers' Party believes deserves closer scrutiny by the Government for the remainder of the term and beyond. The remaining Workers' Party Members of Parliament will address other issues, as covered in the Addenda to the President's Address. In the last few years, cost of living issues have dominated the headlines and more price rises are on the way, with a prospective hike in the Goods and Services Tax in the near future raising anxieties further.[+2 sentences] More than a year ago, in the wake of the announcement of a hike in water tariffs, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean sought to assure the public that the price of coffee should not go up in the aftermath of the water hikes because the cost of water in a cup of coffee is "much, much less than one cent" and that the public should not be scared of untrue stories about the coffee prices. While this is true in a mathematical sense, just a few days ago, a Zaobao report confirmed that one of the largest coffee shop chains had increased the price of coffee, citing rising overheads. One response to pre-empt cost of living concerns by the Government at Budget 2018 has been to enhance the GST U-Save Voucher, with each eligible household standing to receive $5 more every three months between 2019 and 2021 to compensate for the recently announced carbon tax.[+5 sentences] The PAP Government's philosophy has always been to target assistance. For those who govern, the fear of overly generous welfare payouts for the able-bodied comes with a warning. The message that can be inadvertently sent is that a person is not able to look after himself, hence, needing support and severely undermining the work ethic. Singaporeans should not dismiss this concern. But parallel expectations and considerations apply equally for the Government, too. At the Committee of Supply debate this year, the Transport Minister confirmed that Singaporeans can expect to see a rise in transport costs in the very near future, too, to reflect growing network capacity and ridership.[+8 sentences] But as many callers to a local radio station commented not too long ago, the costs of running and improving the transport system cannot just be seen through the eyes of fare revenue. Many correctly questioned whether there ought to be some scope for other segments of SMRT's business to subsidise train operations, too, such as advertising and revenue from other investments to lessen the effect of any fare increases on the general population. Mr Speaker, the question of the quantum of the surpluses and the prospect of alternate revenue streams and future surpluses of many Government-linked companies and Statutory Boards to better cushion price hikes on Singaporeans needs to be looked at very closely and debated before prices go up. For example, on the 30% water hike, how do future capital investments in water supply and transmission cohere with the large capital reserves of the national water agency which have increased consistently from around $3 billion in 2007 to more than $5 billion in 2016? Getting into the details of such matters would represent a unique partnership with the people. It would represent bold leadership, but such an approach would also come with an upshot. Price hikes are likely to be better understood and contextualised to the benefit of the policy discourse in Singapore. Mr Speaker, the President correctly pointed out that young Singaporeans want to feel a strong sense of nation. Raising our Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is an existential issue for our nation. We know from a recent Government survey that many married Singaporean couples actually do wish to have three or more children.[+1 sentence] While 39% felt this was an ideal outcome, only 18% were able to actualise it. Similarly, while 53% of couples ideally wanted two children, only 37% were able to actualise it; 61% of respondents raised financial costs as their first out of three reasons for not having more children, followed closely by the stress of raising children in Singapore at 56%, and the difficulty of managing work and family demands at 33%.[+10 sentences] If, indeed, the cost of living is a major impediment to having more children, what can we do to address this issue? How will we create a strong sense of nationhood when our Singapore Core and the values internalised over 50 years of nation building are progressively hollowing themselves out with the population not replacing itself? Sir, immigration cannot be the long-term solution to our TFR woes. Immigrants will grow old, too, and we cannot be encouraging even more immigrants to set up home on our shores without a robust strategy to raise TFR. Not to do so would severely impact the quality of life in Singapore for our future generations in view of our limited size. The problem is a structural one; and structural changes are necessary and bold thinking is required to break with the orthodoxy of the past. Is there scope to make HDB flats more affordable by pegging prices to income levels? And can flexible work arrangements become a compulsory option for new parents from employers? What can we do to make the education system a reason for parents not to panic about having children? Is there scope to introduce more child-support tax credits for low- and medium income parents which can be scaled back progressively as household income increases? Unlike their predecessors, the 4G leadership is coming into power when expenditures will rise in concert with the changing demographics in Singapore.[+1 sentence] But that is only half the story. On the question of finances, the inclusion of Temasek into the Net Investment Returns Contribution (NIRC) framework from 2016 has also put more money and, by extension, more political capital in the hands of the current Government and 4G leaders than any generation of PAP leaders.[+1 sentence] This is without having to even call on the President to unlock the reserves. To put this in perspective, the overall Budget surplus for this term of Government for FY2016 and 2017 is currently at $15.7 billion and this is after transfers to endowments and trust funds like the GST Voucher Fund. The $15.7 billion could potentially cover two more Pioneer Generation Packages of about $8 billion each, covering almost an additional one million more elderly.[+1 sentence] This is only taking into account the accumulated surplus of out of two of the five years of this Government’s term. In comparison, the first and only drawdown of the reserves in 2009 requiring Presidential approval amounted to $4.9 billion for the Jobs Credit scheme, which extended a cash grant for every local worker on a qualifying employer’s payroll, with a smaller amount allocated to financial institutions for the Special Risk Sharing Initiative.[+15 sentences] With $15.7 billion in hand today and, given the putatively stable formula for NIRC withdrawals in spite of market fluctuations, the picture for the immediate future does not appear to be one of a Government needing money to stay afloat and needing to tax the population as a result, raising the cost of living. We are told more money is needed for healthcare and other areas in the years to come. This is not unexpected, given our demographic transition with our elderly population expected to grow to 900,000 by 2030. But what are the Government’s current estimates and the underlying basis for its projections of higher expenditure coming on stream in future? This information needs to be shared so that the public is clear-eyed about the sufficiency of the budget at the Government’s disposal to help Singaporeans with the cost of living today. In conclusion, Sir, the President’s call not to eschew bold changes is not one that should preoccupy the 4G leadership alone. The leadership transition from the third generation (3G) to 4G leaders also presents a unique opportunity for each Singaporean to question what we can do to make Singapore a better home for all of us. The leadership team is no longer just the political leadership. Singapore needs a special breadth and depth of leadership if it is to succeed; leadership in every field of industry from trade and industry to sports, arts and culture. If Singapore is to thrive as the immediate geopolitical situation shifts – and separately, the challenge of an ageing society, inequality and an extremely low TFR confronts our small country – boldness should be part of our national character, too. At its core, the transition from the 3G to 4G leaders must be accompanied by a transformation of our society which creates the conditions to engender a confident people. The impetus and authority behind a new boldness in Singaporeans should harken back to the title of the President’s Address: a call for a strong people-Government partnership to build our future Singapore. A people who exercises independent judgement and who are empowered to support Singapore and to move forward together. Finally, Mr Speaker, I would like to put on record my thanks for Minister Chan Chun Sing’s words on the Workers’ Party and Mr Low Thia Khiang’s contributions over the years. The Workers’ Party will always bear in mind the national interest in our deliberations and endeavour in the interest of Singaporeans and Singapore. 3.26 pm
Assoc Prof Randolph Tan (Nominated Member)1286 words
[+12 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion. One of the first things our workforce of the future would have to be prepared for is the increasing differentiation in job roles and, as a consequence, also of the skillsets that these roles will demand. Singapore's early success with employment growth had been founded on the same principle that other industrialised economies adopted, with mass creation of jobs to support large-scale manufacturing. As the President's Address indicated, the future of work will be very different. Unlike many other economies, however, Singapore had managed to sustain the early approach by recognising quite early on that a much more sophisticated labour market model would be required as global economic competition intensified. Hence, instead of differentiating industries, therefore, economic planners had the foresight to push for the workforce to graduate into higher value-added activities. As the population's incomes rose, the workforce as a whole embraced higher skilled jobs, including moving much more quickly into knowledge work than other economies which had started out in a similar way. What we face now in Singapore are, in some ways, the problems of having been too successful too quickly. With a workforce in which the proportion of degree holders is increasing rapidly, we now have an increasing proportion of professionals, managers and executives (PMEs) and, as a result, of knowledge workers as well. Knowledge workers are subject to the same laws of demand and supply that all other resources must adhere to, and an excess of knowledge workers of the same type in any one area that is unsupported by demand will see the labour market prospects of that group dwindle. As an advanced economy, Singapore faces the same insatiable thirst for top manpower in a broad array of fields as other advanced economies. But the limited size of our population is such that the availability of skills it can supply will always fall short of the breadth being demanded by companies competing at the cutting edge of global competition. In other words, I strongly believe what Singapore faces quite uniquely among advanced economies is not so much a problem with skills gaps, but more one of insufficient skills coverage.[+8 sentences] To deal with this, the core principles which had guided early planners to their success remain relevant today. And that is to prepare early for the inevitable, to make difficult decisions to match seemingly impossible and incompatible objectives and, most importantly, to do so with a clear understanding of how much is at stake. Sir, all advanced economies face the same challenges that we face in trying to keep up with the rapidly changing manpower needs of their economies. And many have already begun to recognise that the solution lies in preparing and revisiting the skills adequacy of their workforce, so that it keeps up with the evolving demands of the global economic competition. In order to improve their preparedness, advanced economies regularly make projections about their skills needs, appropriately harnessing the technology that is available today. A picture of where the skills deficits are can be obtained which, no matter how imperfect, gives the modern advanced workforce a good sense of what the skills landscape would look like in the near future. For Singapore, especially where the twin challenges of manpower shortages and skills deficits are never far from our minds, mapping the landscape of available skills will provide policymakers with an informed start to addressing the skills challenges of tomorrow. Hence, I agree strongly with the characterisation Minister Heng Swee Keat offered last week of the situation we are in, where he pointed out, in his media interview, that the solution to the problem we face should also be contained in the very technology which is causing the destructive challenges. In short, Sir, I believe that the crux of the on-going industry transformation efforts is workforce skills.[+2 sentences] The imperative for the workforce is to keep as much ahead of the curve as possible against the competition, leaving them in no doubt that even if tomorrow's jobs appear to be created, the Singapore workforce of today is prepared to be the first off the mark to acquire the necessary skills to fill them. Despite the scale of the challenge, there is room for cautious optimism. The SkillsFuture movement is providing a much needed focus on the skills issues.[+1 sentence] As the information in the skills framework is augmented, understanding that individual workers have not just the challenges that confront them in skills acquisition, the opportunities that are open to all of us in the skills landscape should begin to crystallise. Even though the Ministry of Education (MOE) is the one coordinating all these efforts through SkillsFuture Singapore, all Government Ministries and agencies have a role to play in this and I would urge each and everyone to accept the role on the skills endeavour entrusted upon them as leaders in all areas of skills development. The roles of Ministries, such as MOM, MTI, the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI), the Ministry of Finance and agencies, such as the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the National Research Foundation, are clear but they must go beyond these natural lead agencies to include all others who have influence over shaping work attitudes and, therefore, work ethics.[+5 sentences] Here, I would like to talk about a role that may not be as clear but, certainly, no less direct, and, that is, the one that is played by the Ministry of Defence(MINDEF) and the Singapore Armed Forces in leading the impressionable young minds in 21st century skills mastery and leadership. Skills training, in many ways, is part of what an organisation like MINDEF invested with heavy responsibilities for shaping young lives must dedicate itself to in order to stay relevant. As a small country, painfully aware of our natural limitations, there should, therefore, be no self-imposed limits to asserting the priority of progressive thinking but a need to pursue continuing skills improvements. This must naturally, therefore, begin with a 21st century military that should go beyond the call of duty in the pursuit of individual skills proficiency. In conclusion, Sir, I would like to emphasise the need to ensure that equality of opportunity is something that every Singapore Citizen continues to have confidence in. Although income inequality is a legitimate concern, I would argue that we should focus on it not to the exclusion of the much more fundamental need to ensure equality of opportunity. Singapore has strong and reliable institutions which provide opportunities for all segments of society to access basic social and municipal services, not to mention opportunities for social mobility.[+1 sentence] Equality of opportunity benefits everyone in the long term because it strengthens the social fabric and provides a sustainable basis for each and every generation to pursue prosperity and individual fulfillment. Ultimately, better equality of opportunity should reduce income inequality in the long run but it cannot be something that can be done in a rush. Singapore has grown from strength to strength over more than 50 years because of focus on equality of opportunity when it comes to jobs, in particular. It is important to refresh and rejuvenate these efforts in the current industry transformation push and to continue to emphasise equality of opportunity in acquiring skills at every stage of our citizens' lives, regardless of whether it is in the schools, in National Service, in the workforce, in re-employment or even as a non-working member of society.[+3 sentences] It is almost no doubt that the days of mass job creation are over. We need to create a much more differentiated workforce, one that can confront, even if not completely overcome, challenges of inadequate skills coverage. Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion. 3.35 pm
Mr Teo Ser Luck (Pasir Ris-Punggol)1981 words
[+28 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. I agree with the President that we need to develop a vibrant economy by strengthening local companies, supporting startups and investing in technology. I also agree that we need to go through trials and tribulations before we reach that stage. I learnt business the hard way because it is so dynamic. I can never get it right all the way and I still do not get it right all the time. I left Singapore in 1997, I lived overseas trying to do business in north Asia, Hong Kong, China, Thailand and India. And I was in the logistics business. I tried to sell warehouse space, but then that did not give me any winnings or contracts. So, I learnt to sell solutions. I realised that the Internet was buzzing and progressing really well. So, I learnt to develop a software. And I kept changing the software and refining it by listening to the customers, make more changes, but I never changed what my core solutions were. After about nearly nine months without any business, I got my first contract, a very small contract. But it taught me a lesson that nothing is perfect and, if you try to find the perfection, you can never get there. So, that is how business succeeds. Business succeeds in its imperfection: finding gaps, filling them and succeed in its imperfection. This needs trial and error and refining. But that also taught me that you cannot have one size fits all for all customers. You just look at our coffee shops and the coffee. It has got kopi c kosong, kopi, kopi o siu tai, lots to choose from. Every customer has different preferences. So, business succeeds not because it is perfect but because it is imperfect or because it impacts. Our policies and programmes will never be perfect. But it must impact and we have to get it right; we have to get the broad directions right. It has to go through the trials and tribulations but it will never be good enough. So, we have to keep reviewing it, keep refining it. Many of our policies and programmes are well-intentioned. They have the right objectives but, at implementation, we need to improve a lot more. For example, the objectives of the Industry Transformation Map, are good.[+1 sentence] I think it will help if we achieve the outcome that is desired but, somehow, the implementation needs to be improved. The Industry Transformation Map (ITM) plans have not been widespread throughout the different sectors of industry. The impact is felt at some level but not felt throughout.[+6 sentences] The broad direction was that we expect the industry to change but that needs a good number of enterprises to undergo radical changes. Radical changes include business model change, workforce skills upgrade, product redesign, internationalisation, so that the sector can become more productive and competitive. You need critical mass for the whole sector to transform and to change. But in every sector, businesses are at their different phases of development. I look at it in three different broad categories in these phases of development: innovation, consolidation and expansion. Within that, they are of different sizes, shapes, forms and different phases and they are built upon different types of structures. ITM within a sector cannot be a one size fits all.[+19 sentences] ITM can also not be about disbursing grants or transformation through technology. Not all businesses can be transformed through technology. So, in reality, many of the businesses will tell you? "Before I transform, before I invest in innovation, where is the business volume? Where do I get the contracts?" So, yes, innovation is critical. But, more importantly is commercialising or realising the gains of what they have innovated. Companies will have to compete internationally but there will be some that can never be competing internationally or go beyond the shores of Singapore, they will fall by the wayside. So, maybe ITMs have to go beyond work skills development or company capability development into opening up more paths and business opportunities. That calls for more effective trade missions and also a more successful way to hunt as a pack. As the Government Parliamentary Committee (GPC) Chairman for Trade and Industry, Mr Liang Eng Hwa mentioned we need to hunt as a pack. But our success rate of hunting as a pack needs to be improved, too. We also have to give local companies a chance to work on public sector projects and contracts. And with real business volume and in a tight labour situation, we can rest assured that the companies will have to become productive, to innovate and to transform. Businesses need to play its own part because the responsibility cannot be shouldered by the Government alone. They have to make changes and take steps. Some will succeed, many would not. In that sense, we will see business closures and that is part and parcel of the process to help the sector become stronger. And when there are business closures, there is consolidation. It is part and parcel of building a stronger industry. So, the ITM strategy is not just about skills nor innovation; it may also be facilitating this consolidation, having a broad view about what the sector should do and, also in this consolidation process, transition to workforce within the sector, change their jobs, you can skill them, skill them differently so they have jobs all across different sectors.[+13 sentences] Some sectors may slow down in order to scale quickly and we should facilitate that. Sometimes, when a sector shrinks, it may not be such a bad thing to happen so that they can come back stronger; and stronger companies can rise up. Let us also clear barriers to business. There are some low-hanging fruits: administrative costs. Administratively, you cannot deny some of the daily issues businesses face. The process that companies have to deal with when applying for support and grants, we need to streamline that a lot further. The administrative fees across different departments that add to the business cost; maybe we should review that. Let us help to review and, if possible, reduce them. I believe what we can do is not to add to the burden of the businesses. Small or big businesses, they do create jobs. That is why Enterprise Singapore (ESG) plays a very critical role. Now that it is a one-stop agency for businesses, I hope that the ease of access increases. Hopefully, the integration is successful and they do not behave like International Enterprise Singapore and SPRING again but, really, as one, one-stop shop. ESG needs to identify industries that require consolidation, expansion or innovation but not all industries should be managed in the same manner.[+11 sentences] Not all 23 sectors that have launched their ITMs should be managed in the same mode. As I have mentioned, transformation is either innovation, consolidation or expansion. And once it is clear whether a company or a sector requires either of the different stages, Government support would then be holistic. If we leave it to the market, there will be inefficiencies. ESG should take a more active role in this process to strengthen companies and help them internationalise or consolidate. It should take a more proactive approach than to just leave it to the trade associations. Trade associations are a helpful vehicle but trade associations have their limitations. That said, I would also urge trade associations to step forward, especially those which have received help, but, sometimes what they can do is far from what we expect. They will do their best but there are limitations and there are different interests. ESG should continue to work hand-in-hand with them, take a more proactive role. Trade associations must continue to play their part but make an effort to galvanise the industry, the sector, make that a priority, beyond just asking for grants or subsidies. As for grants and schemes, we can streamline the grants and schemes across different Ministries.[+1 sentence] I am sure between MOM, MCI and MTI or other Ministries that offer grants or subsidies to businesses, there are many of them out there, you can streamline them. Maybe it should be streamlined under the ITM for each sector.[+12 sentences] That way, there is a better chance for businesses to gain a better understanding, awareness and access to these grants and schemes with ease, and the effect and the impact can be more widespread. I also believe that the startup environment is important because startups, although they are young companies, inject new life into the economy. In Singapore, the startup environment has certainly progressed – Launchpad, Block 71 and many, many other pockets of development in Singapore. We see many more Singaporeans launching their new businesses, especially in the tech area. But the reality of setting up a business is that it is not easy and failures are more than successes. Startups achieve both social and economic objectives so we have to continue to support them. They can influence a culture; inject new hope and new life into the economy. We can focus on growing startups but create the ecosystem and environment, not just giving out grants or subsidies; create opportunities for them. First, let us be optimistic about startups. Being optimistic about startups means giving them hope, giving them encouragement but not unrealistic to think that the startups in Singapore can become unicorns. Most of them would not become unicorns with the size of Singapore's market. Our market has its limitations. We can start and develop our solutions here. It is a springboard but you definitely have to launch your business or startup almost immediately overseas – markets beyond Singapore – to commercialise what you have developed with a chance to succeed or survive.[+13 sentences] Secondly, in this digital economy, we have to learn as quickly as possible what our community needs. It requires a culture that encourages people to try things and test things and fail. And when it comes to launching a product, imperfect is perfect – we cannot wait until perfection. And that is business. Every entrepreneur walks this fine line between what is fixable and what is fatal. The important thing is that they push their experimentation to the limit but we need to embrace failure for success. The Government and private sector must work together, come together to help to build this environment and a culture with a vibrant ecosystem, enhance the platforms for people to start and offer equal opportunities to startups, not just the first-time startups, but serial entrepreneurs as well – those who have failed first time, failed second time and trying it again. Allow more of them to bid for public sector projects and give them a chance to have a go at it. This, in turn, will encourage entrepreneurial dare, thinking and doing. The Singapore economy needs a new vision, a new direction. I support the initiatives of Minister Chan Chun Sing in developing Singapore into a data hub, attracting a good mix of talent, focusing on strengthening the local sector to become globally competitive and relevant. We have to know where we are going and how to get there. It has to be a new direction that can sustain us for the next decade and we need a sense of where we are every step of the way. But we cannot manage what we cannot measure. We probably need new indicators to measure economic growth and success.[+5 sentences] And, what does that mean? We need to better reflect how our economy and local businesses are doing, and whether growth and wealth that we have created have really benefited people’s lives, jobs and wages. One thing is for sure: what brought us here can no longer take us further. Let us move forward with a new vision, direction and strategy. With that, I support the Motion. 3.48 pm
Mr Saktiandi Supaat (Bishan-Toa Payoh)2221 words
[+6 sentences]Mr Speaker, I thank the President for her Address, and I pledge my support for the Motion. In her speech, the President spoke about the need for Singaporeans to work closely with the new generation of 4G leaders to write our future chapters. We are on the cusp of a new era. Jobs automation, re-skilling, cashless payments, smart technology and so forth are becoming a part of our lives, regardless of whether we are resistant to it. A renewal of leadership comes at an opportune moment. In the meantime, citizens, too, must partner this new Government and renew ourselves, so that we can navigate the new complexities as one. Mr Chan Chun Sing mentioned the need for connectivity and the importance of talent for Singapore as well as saying that we need to make 300 million friends and fans.[+15 sentences] Given our lack of a hinterland and mineral resources, it is inevitable that Singapore will have to use new technologies, platforms and connectivity channels to overcome these constraints and build demand for our products and services. Globally, this will come fast and furious, unlike what we have seen in past phases of global industrialisation and technological advances. Smart technology and automation save us a lot of time and effort which we can then use to indulge in other pursuits. For the less mobile and elderly, such technologies enable them to lead more independent and fuller lives and this is good news for an ageing society. Yet, because new technologies are emerging and evolving every day, there is only a short window of time to adapt. Those who are unable to catch up, particularly the seniors and the poor and less educated, get left behind and further behind. This causes existing inequalities to worsen. Sir, in moving forward, it is absolutely crucial that we patch up these cracks before they turn into chasms. At the same time as this is happening, many are concerned about the changing nature of work. The amount of self-employment is increasing, along with the fragmentation of labour into microjobs. So, is it contingent that work, such as self-employment or gig work and the disappearance of salaried employment likely to become the norm? I do not think so. I would think it would be a gradual move towards more people working independently and not the complete disappearance of salaried jobs. In this ecosystem of rapidly changing technology and evolving nature of employment and with tighter global competition, the labour market of the future will be somewhat tight and will get tighter. So, it is essential to ensure workers' well-being in search of jobs, whether salaried employment or self-employment. The state or Government must be the guarantor of a level playing field between organisational forms. And one thing is certain: we will need to rethink our labour laws and regulations and the whole work environment – training, retirement and unemployment insurance – in a world of rapid technological and organisational change.[+3 sentences] This is even more important as the only real resource we have is our people, our talents. I firmly believe that, in the future, countries that can attract the most productive people in the digital economy will disrupt the value chain in every sector and appropriate immense wealth, while other countries will have only the scraps. The mobility of talented people will lead many of these wealth creators to migrate to countries that offer the best conditions, including the lowest tax. So, countries not taking part in this global competition for talent will not be able to redistribute wealth to the poor, because the poor will be all that they have. So, as such, it is inevitable that Singapore will have to be more flexible to global talent to make our economy more vibrant and to, surprisingly, make us more inclusive too.[+15 sentences] To achieve many of these things, Singaporeans will need good jobs; jobs that will give them good incomes to sustain their desired livelihood; jobs that are fulfilling and challenge them to grow. Unfortunately, some of them, despite being capable and well-qualified, are impeded due to discrimination against circumstances that cannot be helped. The President highlighted the need to continue to strive for a more caring and inclusive society and the need to tackle inequality vigorously, she said. She had mentioned the need to provide the right additional support to those needing it – in housing, education, skills training and employment – so that meritocracy works well. Only then can everyone do well through hard work, talent and skills, regardless of their backgrounds. But for many people and, for the future, the right question is not whether there will still be work. The real question is whether there will be enough jobs paying decent wages. Most individuals want to be useful to society and work, remunerated or not, is one way for them to feel so; employment is one way we construct the social fabric. Perhaps, people will be prepared to accept lower pay in return for this social bond. In the short term, however, the destruction of jobs is costly for those who lose them. The acceleration of creative destruction raises three questions: how can workers, with jobs or not, be protected? How can we prepare ourselves for this new world through education and regulatory changes? How are our societies going to adapt? Burying our heads in the sand is not a strategy. This brings me to the Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP) and I have raised this quite a number of times, including in my maiden speech in Parliament. Over the years, TAFEP has relied on a range of methods to protect employee rights and combat workplace discrimination and inequality.[+1 sentence] It does so by encouraging and supporting employers who are able and willing to adopt progressive workplace practices. TAFEP would refer complaints to MOM if further investigations are warranted.[+5 sentences] It then works with employers to change their practices and blacklists those who are unwilling to comply. Understandably, it is not possible to completely weed out workplace discrimination, just as it is impossible to completely stamp out discrimination in any community. To prove discrimination is challenging, there are laws in place that employers must comply with. Equipping TAFEP with legal powers to prosecute errant employers is something Singaporeans have openly wished for. Meanwhile, preferential treatment of foreigners is also another common grievance. According to TAFEP, it remained the top gripe of Singaporean workers for five years in a row and made up a third of the 213 grievances lodged in 2015.[+6 sentences] On the flip side, there are also claims that Singaporeans turn down jobs because they feel the pay is too low, thus leaving jobs to foreign nationals who are willing to work at lower wages. So, my questions are: has any research been done on how true these claims are? If there is some truth in them, how can we resolve these? Are companies doing enough to integrate foreign employees so that they do not gravitate to their own nationalities? And should we also investigate whether employers are offering reasonable salaries that match the required job scope? In a gig economy where job security is on the decline, there is certainly going to be more frustration and panic among a generation that had become accustomed to having stable jobs. Upskilling is certainly important and a personal responsibility, but we also must give Singaporeans the assurance that they will get jobs if they work for it. So, I urge the Minister for Manpower – and I think it is somewhat highlighted in the Addendum for MOM – to consider giving TAFEP legal powers to act on errant employers. It is necessary to go beyond curtailing work passes to penalise employers who are blatantly flouting discrimination laws.[+17 sentences] And I have heard from employees who have given up on legal action against employers because it is too expensive and troublesome. In the US, for example, the equivalent Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for enforcing the federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee. The commission pursues litigation against errant employers who are found to be guilty of discrimination offences. Similarly, in Australia, the Fair Work Ombudsman does the same thing. It has the power to initiate litigation against a national system of employers for contravening the Fair Work Act. In Singapore, we recognise the importance and effectiveness of a tripartite approach towards resolving workplace discrimination issues. As such, TAFEP is deserving of more powers to strengthen its capabilities. I hope this can slowly be part of the medium to long-term plan to ensure the ecosystem of inclusivity which can be further enhanced and all our talents can be maximised fully, regardless of an individual's physical disability, gender or ethnicity. Indeed, Singaporeans want to live in a fair and just society, one based on meritocracy but, at the same time, strives to leave no one behind. I strongly believe a stronger TAFEP is needed so that meritocracy works well and would go a long way to allay fears faced by Singaporeans and Singaporean jobseekers in a tight labour market environment. Disruptions caused by automation are another concern of mine. According to the UK think-tank, the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), middle- and lower-income workers are likely to lose their jobs to machines. Low-skilled roles could be completely phased out. Our Government has rightly been encouraging employers to send their employees for training to acquire new skills to manage the new technologies. With large-scale retrenchment a possible problem from automation, I think it is important that authorities also consider new guidelines that make it necessary for companies to help their workers to remain employable. The IPPR also suggests that automation can result in higher profits at the expense of employees' salaries, and thus, new guidelines for additional protection of workers would be necessary with the use of emerging technologies by businesses. But how can companies help employees without it being an additional burden on the companies? The Government may want to consider setting up a Future Ready Fund beyond the existing SkillsFuture Study Award for employers that we have now, where corporates and SMEs can tap.[+6 sentences] This Future Ready Fund can be used specifically to prepare our workforce in areas where they can be retrained or reskilled to meet the changes in the job market. For example, an SME can tap on it to focus on educating staff on being future-ready by having a monthly digitalisation online course, for example, for a start, and then focus on the relevant job-related needs. It needs to be sector-specific. Company management may be better suited to guide the type of challenges and opportunities needed and tailor a future-ready programme for their employees. Next and, finally, on fintech. Mr Speaker, Singapore is on the right track to embrace it. In ASEAN, we have the largest sector, of which, 490 fintech companies that we have – the top few of our most well-funded fintech companies deal with cryptocurrency platforms and exchanges. I do think it is time to start looking into policies legalising and regulating it.[+10 sentences] Switzerland has earned the reputation of having the friendliest and most welcoming environment for companies and tech firms when it comes to cryptocurrency regulations. BitCoin is considered legal tender in the country and it is a hotbed for blockchain-based companies and advisory services. Cryptocurrencies are legal tender in Switzerland. I think we have good potential to be a leader in fintech solutions in the Asia region. I am pleased to note that some startups are offering their own cryptocurrencies, using initial coin offering (ICO) as a fund-raising platform. And recently, there was even a fintech firm launching an ICO advisory centre. I think the Switzerland model could serve as a useful reference and guide towards possible liberation of regulations in regard to embracing the cryptocurrency culture in Singapore. But fintech is more than cryptocurrencies. It is also about mobile banking, investments, online wealth management and so forth. And I hope more Singaporean fintech startups will think beyond cryptocurrencies and venture into other areas of fintech. The MAS has launched several grants to support fintech ventures, consolidated under StartupSG. And, while the focus appears to be on startups, I hope more assistance can also be given to companies to create and expand their own financial technologies, such as cashless payment apps and online purchasing platforms.[+2 sentences] Mr Speaker, I would like to conclude that it is prudent that we stay abreast with technological developments in the industry so that we are a vibrant and connected city of opportunity. Our 4G leaders, I know, are well attuned to this need. At the same time, technology potentially causes a digital divide between the rich and the poor, adding yet another level of social disparity.[+1 sentence] We can play a part by introducing more teeth to TAFEP. Global inequality is on the rise, according to the World Inequality Report. We must be mindful to ensure that wealth is fairly distributed, that the poor continue to get their needs met and they can go on to obtain skills and education to support their families and, in turn, our economy. We are at the cusp of a technological revolution and we must work doubly hard to make sure no one gets left behind. 4.00 pm
Mr Chen Show Mao (Aljunied)807 words
[+2 sentences]Sir, the President outlined the tasks ahead of the nation in five groups of priorities: securing a place in the world for Singapore, including our region; building a well-connected world-class city for Singaporeans; developing a vibrant economy with more opportunities for workers; forging a cohesive, caring and inclusive society; and nurturing an identity we are all proud of. Sir, I have a small suggestion. I believe we can aid our efforts in each of these areas, to greater or lesser degrees, by an increased focus on our school curriculum on teaching Bahasa Melayu.[+9 sentences] It is our national language and a regional language. It is rooted in our geography, in our history. It is not only important to our sense of who we are and where we are rooted in the world; it is also important to securing our future in the region and share in the growth of the region. Could we help those students who do not currently learn Malay in school to attain some basic level of proficiency? I know our children have a lot to do already in school, including learning English, Chinese or Tamil to ever higher levels of proficiency. Many Members have spoken in this House on the importance of such learning and they are right. But Bahasa Melayu is our national language. I believe it would be to the good if all our children could learn it to some basic level of conversational fluency. Such learning will be good for the cognitive and intellectual development of our children. It will also protect and preserve our multi-culturalism and promote national integration and a sense of identity. We currently have conversational third language programmes for Malay at the primary school level as enrichment, but not as part of the regular curriculum. As learning languages is best done when young, could we look into making the conversational Bahasa Melayu programme part of the syllabus for our primary school students who do not otherwise learn Malay, perhaps included as part of the regular curriculum for every primary school student, but without the pressure of exams?[+4 sentences] Sir, the President reminds us that the Singapore Bicentennial in 2019 will be an occasion to trace our roots and draw inspiration for the journey ahead. We will reflect on what it means to be Singaporean and on the common values and beliefs that bind us together. The President says that “our diverse cultures and traditions are now interwoven…we have succeeded in nurturing a distinct Singapore identity.” Sir, I am not as confident as all that but I believe that we will be taking a step firmly in that direction when we make the learning of our national language a bigger part of our national education. (In Mandarin): Mr Speaker, Sir, the President said that in the last 52 years, through the education system, we adopted a common working language in English that enabled our diverse communities to interact with one another and succeeded in nurturing a distinct Singapore identity and that we have come far. I suggest that we complement this nation building effort in the next 50 years and enable, through our education system, all non-Malay students to study Bahasa Melayu, our national language, to basic levels of proficiency.[+6 sentences] The President said that the focus of the future work before us would include the following: to work with regional partners to strengthen ASEAN centrality and unity, maintain an open and inclusive regional order and strengthen our position internationally, including in our region; to encourage local businesses to stay relevant and venture into oversea markets, including our regional markets; strengthen the education of different age groups, promote proactive lifelong learning among our people and be adventurous to venture beyond our shores. Learning the national language will help us achieve these goals. In the 21st year of the reign of the Qing Emperor Guangxu, Li Zhongyu recorded that Malay was commonly spoken in Southeast Asian islands and the Chinese born and bred and living in Singapore had all learnt the Malay language. In other words, modern language, approximately a hundred years ago, all Chinese living in Singapore could speak some Malay with some facility. Former Member of Parliament Mr Lim Huan Boon was a pioneer in encouraging the learning of Malay among Chinese Singaporeans. He took part in and won the 1963 Legislative Assembly Elections in the Bukit Merah constituency and represented his constituency in the Malaysian Parliament as one of the Members representing Singapore. In Mr Lim’s words applied to today’s Singapore, Bahasa Melayu is our national language, it is an important tool of nation building and promotes the communication among the three main races in Singapore: the Chinese, Malays and Indians.[+1 sentence] Learning Malay can help promote cultural exchange among our different communities and it is the duty of every Singaporean to do so.
Mr Speaker49 words
[+5 sentences]Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 4.40 pm. Sitting accordingly suspended at 4.08 pm until 4.40 pm. Sitting resumed at 4.40 pm.
Mr Louis Ng Kok Kwang (Nee Soon)2105 words
[+54 sentences]Sir, I declare my interest as the Chief Executive of ACRES, a civil society organisation. Sir, our President spoke about the importance of fostering a compassionate and caring society and a giving society where everyone lends a helping hand. Beyond the dollars and cents, renewing our economy, strengthening our fiscal position, which is important to our survival, the heartware of this nation is equally important. How we care for one another, how we make sure no one is left behind, how we speak up for a better Singapore and how we have a culture of giving are crucial in the next chapters of the Singapore story. My late father taught me to always give and, in his eulogy, I said "Daddy gave more than he received and that ultimately was his strongest philosophy in life. A philosophy I hold dear to my heart and one I will impart to my daughter as well." It was with this philosophy that I entered politics and the quote I used in my candidate video was: "There is beauty in giving more than receiving". This spirit of giving is very much alive in Singapore and I see it in my work as a civil society activist for the past 17 years and as a Member of Parliament for the past three years. I see it almost every week when I meet my Legislative Assistants. Perhaps the most common question I am asked now is how on earth do I speak up so much in Parliament. How do I find the time to research and draft so many speeches and questions? For this, I have to thank Melissa. Melissa has a full-time job, is actively involved in humanitarian work and is also my Chief Legislative Assistant. If there is just one word to describe her, it is that she is amazing. But she does not do this alone. She and my six other Legislative Assistants – Charmaine, Karen, Su, Roy, Jing Ling and Rachel – embody the spirit of speaking up and this spirit of giving. And, like Melissa, they, too, are amazing. Despite having full-time commitments, they give their time and energy towards the Singapore cause. They care deeply about our future and, most importantly, want to play a role in shaping it. This spirit of giving is also very much alive in Nee Soon East. Tan Meng, my CCC Chairman and also my left-hand, left-leg, right-leg, right-hand man, exemplifies this. He leads a team of dedicated volunteers and has been a grassroots leader for 26 years now. He serves with his heart and handles every feedback and every case so passionately, so meticulously and with compassion. And he does this every single day as a volunteer. Twenty-six years ago, he was curious and wanted to see how he can help improve the community and so he joined the CCC. Twenty-six years later, he looks as young as ever; perhaps the secret of looking young is to volunteer more! And I know he will volunteer more and continue to serve till his last breath. Siti Durriah is equally committed and I first met her when I was visiting a refugee camp in Aceh. I met this young lady who was so passionate about helping people that she used her precious time off from work and her salary to volunteer to help others. A physiotherapist by training, she was in Aceh to conduct developmental assessments for refugee children and teach them English. Sir, it really has been a privilege working with Melissa, Tan Meng and Siti, Singaporeans who embody the spirit of giving, who volunteer to give their time to help others. And there are others who are so devoted that they have chosen to make a career out of it. I recently met Dr Sudha Nair when I joined President Halimah to open Safe Spaces, a Child Protection Specialist Centre run by PAVE. The stories they shared with us that day were heart-wrenching. The children made cards for President Halimah and, in one card, the child wrote about how she watched her father strangle her mother. It takes a very strong heart to be able to handle all these abuse cases every day but Sudha spoke with so much passion and so much determination. I thought this Executive Director must be quite new to this as she was so fresh, not jaded at all and was bursting with positivity. But she has actually been a social worker for more than 30 years now. We are fortunate to have someone like her, devoting her time towards ending family violence. We are also fortunate to have Kalai who devotes his time to end animal cruelty. He has worked at ACRES for the past seven years now. He was previously a volunteer with ACRES before I conned him, I mean convinced him, to join ACRES full-time. He took a pay cut to pursue his passion. He took on a job where the office hours are 24 hours a day, seven days a week. A lot of animals are indebted to him, from otters to owls, from pythons to pigeons and, most recently, a dolphin. The recent dolphin rescue near Bedok jetty was perhaps the best example of his level of commitment. He spent hours searching for that wild dolphin which needed our help. His hard work paid off and he managed to find and free the dolphin from the fish nets the dolphin was entangled in. He gave that dolphin a second chance at life. Sir, there are many, many more stories to share. So many more civil society activists I have met who work steadfastly to feed one mouth, educate one mind and comfort one soul. The question is how do we have more Melissas, Tan Mengs, Sitis, Sudhas and Kalais? How do we support their efforts more and strengthen this Spirit of Giving here in Singapore? Volunteerism is increasing steadily. The National Volunteer & Philanthropy Centre (NVPC) found that one in three Singaporeans volunteered in 2016, up from one in 10 in year 2000. And we have SG Cares, a brilliant initiative to increase acts of kindness and volunteerism. To further increase volunteerism and sustain it, perhaps we first need to take a step back and study the effectiveness of our school-based volunteer programmes. It is important as that lays the foundation in our youths for volunteerism. Mr Kwan Jin Yao raised several points about this, including, "To what extent does involvement in VIA, Community Involvement Programme (CIP) and service-learning projects affect whether students continue volunteering after graduation? Are students who chalked up a high number of VIA or CIP hours more likely to volunteer for a social cause after leaving school?" Ms Tan Rong Ying's view was that, "It is important to reconsider the rewards and mandatory aspect of volunteerism in schools so as to increase and make clearer students' intrinsic motivations.[+8 sentences] This could encourage them to willingly volunteer more often during their school days and after graduation, thereby promoting a culture of active volunteerism." There are good VIA programmes, like the one at Hougang Secondary. Rather than introducing volunteer work through ad hoc projects, at Hougang Secondary, it is a way of school life, a life of volunteerism that is inculcated from the very beginning and they even get the parents involved. There are lots of lessons to learn from them. But at the end of the day, I do hope that MOE can review our school-based volunteer programmes and see if there is still a need to make it compulsory and provide rewards. I also hope that we can consider giving people more time to volunteer. Time is perhaps the most valuable commodity in today's world and lack of time is the most common reason given for not volunteering. NVPC has found that volunteerism rates drop once people enter the workforce. To ensure the flames of volunteerism is not extinguished by the demands of work, employers are a key partner in building a nation of volunteers. We need to follow the positive example set by Salesforce Singapore, which offers seven days of volunteer leave annually. They have a particularly successful volunteer scheme with all of their employees making use of their volunteer leave in 2016 and clocking in more than 11,000 hours. I hope the Public Service, as the largest employer, can take the lead by extending the one-day volunteer leave currently given to public servants and consider allowing them to use their leave in blocks of hours instead of full days.[+18 sentences] Sir, we can also strengthen this spirit of giving by strengthening our engagement and collaboration with civil society. As John Mackey nicely put it, "A healthy society rests on three pillars: business, government and civil society or non-profits. Each has a distinct and important role to play and all three need to work together synergistically to create the most value for society". Given the insights that civil society can bring to the table with their ground experience, I hope they can be better represented on the Boards of our Statutory Boards. As Prof Tommy Koh stated, "When we appoint people to boards, we can also appoint challengers who are subversive and who have alternative points of view. That's the kind of cultural change we want to see. It makes Singapore stronger, not weaker". I do not believe that we hold the key to the best ideas. Rather, the best ideas are out there. I hope that we can build more regular channels for dialogue between the Government and civil society. Already, there have been many instances of fruitful dialogues. One example is the roundtable discussions that MEWR conducted to engage green groups to galvanise action and efforts for the Year of Climate Action. Participants shared with me that they came out of the session with greater optimism and a better understanding of the Government's efforts to tackle climate change. Another recent instance was IMDA's consultations with filmmakers on amendments to the Films Act. IMDA had extended the consultation period upon request and had taken on board the suggestions by filmmakers in the final wording of the Bill. Jasmine Ng, one of the filmmakers I worked with, commented in a Facebook post that she "really does appreciate that this engagement with IMDA and with you and the other MPs has been authentic". I was particularly struck by her comment that, "we felt that we were heard and understood, even though we may variously disagree on some points". Indeed, even where there is disagreement over the outcome, there is greater acceptance of the end result when civil society understands the reasons for the Government's actions and policies. As such, I hope that the Ministries consider making consultations with civil society organisations a regular part of the policy- and law-making process.[+18 sentences] Sir, recently, I was at an informal dialogue session between public servants and civil society activists. It was a beautiful session to say the least. Both sides gained a better understanding of each other's concerns, challenges and constraints. Most of all, both sides realised that we are all on the same side, on the same boat. Sir, a stronger civil society will mean a stronger Singapore and a stronger spirit of giving. Ultimately, we can fire up and mobilise the spirit and energy of Singaporeans if we engage more, consider more alternative points of views, empower more, inspire more and ensure people have time to give back when they are mobilised. Sir, there truly is beauty in giving more than receiving and this strong culture of giving is very much needed. Let me end with a quote, as always. Nelson Mandela said, "There can be no greater gift than that of giving one’s time and energy to help others without expecting anything in return". I was going to end with that quote but then I realise that, actually, while we do not expect anything in return, sometimes we do stumble upon something valuable. Sometimes, we find true love. And this was the case for Joseph and Jing Yu. Jing Yu was volunteering at ACRES in 2012 when she met Joseph who was working at ACRES. They both gave their heart and soul towards helping animals and they also gave their hearts to each other. They got married two Saturdays ago. And, so, for all the singles out there, start volunteering and you might find your true love. Better still, ACRES has quite a good track record, so volunteer with ACRES and you will find your true love while helping to strengthen this spirit of giving. Sir, I support the Motion of thanks to the President. 4.52 pm
The Minister for the Environment and Water Resources (Mr Masagos Zulkifli B M M)4916 words
[+13 sentences]Deputy Speaker, Sir, thank you for the opportunity to participate in the debate. I support the Motion. We are living in exciting times in a region full of challenges. I am confident that Singapore will be able to handle these challenges, harness these opportunities and thrive. Or as the President has put it, Singapore will remain exceptional. In the same way, we became exceptional at dealing with our water challenges through perserverance and innovation, even creating new jobs and exporting solutions abroad. As we forge ahead, we must hold on to the sound principles that have guided us in our journey thus far. One of these is meritocracy which, I believe, is important for us to revisit once in a while. In fact, it would not be wrong to say this was one of the values upon which Independent Singapore was founded, powerful ideal which Mr Lee Kuan Yew and our Pioneer leaders believed in. What is meritocracy? At its core, meritocracy is a principle of allocation. Allocation of resources, allocation of opportunities and allocation of rewards. A society founded on meritocracy makes these allocations based on capabilities and efforts, not on race, not on gender, not on your family connections. When working properly, it is the fairest allocation system imaginable. But meritocracy is not a perfect system and does not always work properly, especially when it is a narrow and brittle one; one which only focuses on outcome or engenders ruthless competition, at the expense of cooperation; or one where those who have more at the starting line monopolise success over generations.[+9 sentences] Over time, this will increase inequality and polarise society into the "haves" and "have-nots" – distinct groups living different lives in different worlds. Over time, the marginalised will lose trust in institutions and others in the community. At the root of it is this: it does get harder for them to succeed and, eventually, it becomes impossible. Slowly and quietly, society will break up from within. When that happens, we will not be able to overcome together to face challenges that call for national unity. Indeed, we have seen worrying consequences of rising social inequality overseas. "Drain the swamp" was a key slogan in the last US election. As Americans found social mobility hindered, the American Dream – to be middle-income, to own a home and to raise a family – was no longer within grasp for some. It consequently saw the US retreat from free trade in a bid to revive the American Dream, an economic nuclear option which does not address the domestic causes of the problem. Some in Europe are turning towards extreme right-wing parties amidst anxieties over immigration, at a time when the struggling masses feel the squeeze for resources and space and their lack of progress.[+2 sentences] Asian countries have not been spared either. The same could easily happen in Singapore. That is why we must grow a Singapore brand of meritocracy.[+2 sentences] We must balance our economic and social policies. We cannot drive our economic policies on fierce pursuit of economic gains; but neither can we design our social policies with bleeding hearts. Singapore's brand of meritocracy is characterised by three ingredients: first, the successful giving back to society; second, common spaces and experiences for all Singaporeans; and third, support from the Government.[+1 sentence] Mr Deputy Speaker, meritocracy can only be moral when those who take the most from the system also put back the most. I quote from an address entitled "The Ten Suggestions" at Princeton University in 2013 by then-US Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke: "A meritocracy is a system in which the people who are the luckiest in their health and genetic endowment; luckiest in terms of family support, encouragement and probably income; luckiest in their educational and career opportunities; and luckiest in so many other ways difficult to enumerate – these are the folks who reap the largest rewards." It is tempting for those who have succeeded to attribute their success solely to their own capabilities and efforts.[+18 sentences] There is even a term in psychology for this: "attribution bias". However, if we are successful, we should realise how lucky we are and not forget the support society has given us: a good education, a safe and secure environment and the mental and emotional support. Remember to give back. In our meritocratic society, we must ensure that the spirit of giving back is most apparent in the successful. This starts at home. I read in a Dads-for-Life article where Mr Gerard Ee related how his father, the late Dr Ee Peng Liang and Singapore's father of charity, "transmitted good values through word and action". The Ee family lived in a lower income neighbourhood at Geylang Lorong 13, and Senior Ee organised annual toy-giveaways at his home for children in the neighbourhood. Junior Ee and his brothers were in charge of packing the toys. And while this happened 50 years ago, Gerard still remembers how the children so looked forward to receiving the toys. Gerard continues his father's spirit of giving back. He served as Chairman of the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) from 2005 to 2012, having responded to a call to help NKF get back on its feet. This was even after he had retired from active volunteering to take a deserved break. This spirit also lives on in Mr Mohamed Abdul Jaleel, who recently launched the S M Jaleel Foundation. And in the philanthropic families of the late Dr Lee Kong Chian and Syed Omar Aljunied. We, too, are successful in our own ways. Share our time, talents and treasures with those in need. As employers, uplift wages of our employees. As colleagues, support those with care-giving responsibilities. Everybody can join the SG Cares movement to play a part and give back.[+4 sentences] Be kind to our fellow Singaporeans in their daily lives. The question is: will the new generation in Singapore, some of whom will become very wealthy in record time in new areas, such as tech, have the same spirit of giving as our Pioneers? And will the children of our new well-heeled, who have access to the best education in the world, still give time to help uplift the rest of us? What is clear, though, is that only when the successful give back will society accept, rather than envy, their success. And that is because success that benefits others is success which we all can be grateful for. This is how meritocracy can be moral and not just a method of allocating resources: when the successful demonstrate a sense of duty to society, when the successful share the fruits of success with others, instead of hoarding the gains for themselves.[+5 sentences] This is, indeed, why our Public Service model succeeds. Our most capable are awarded with prestigious scholarships – no small sums from public coffers – to pursue their education at the best universities all over the world. Because they dedicate their best to Public Service, everyone in society benefits. We are fortunate to have good people who decided on a Public Service career, rather than more lucrative fields, because the Public Service offers them greater meaning. And society has been the better for it because the best of our Civil Service know, as President Bush Senior put it, and I quote, "There is but one just use of power, and it is to serve people". Whether the outcome of meritocracy is the accumulation of wealth or authority, it will only function morally when those who are rewarded find ways to benefit others and help others succeed too. This is how we can narrow our social distance, even as we improve the Gini coefficient.[+8 sentences] It is, as Bernanke puts it, "The only way for even a putative meritocracy to hope to pass ethical muster, to be considered fair, is if those who are the luckiest in all of those respects also have the greatest responsibility to work hard, to contribute to the betterment of the world and to share their luck with others." Mr Deputy Speaker, let me now talk about common spaces and experiences as one feature of Singapore's brand of meritocracy. No other country or city shares common spaces like Singapore. We live together in shared neighbourhoods, eat at the same hawker centres, exercise in the same parks and waterways, and bring our children to the same libraries to read. This is special. We must preserve this to ensure that every Singaporean has a stake in and a shared ownership of Singapore. We do this so that there are places and spaces where our community can come together, regardless of race, language or religion, to enable daily interactions in as many ways as possible. But these common spaces are even more meaningful because they guarantee common access to quality public facilities and infrastructure for all. Our most basic rental housing must, therefore, continue to provide tenants with a decent home. That is also why as the Government shapes our future urban landscape, it must distribute rental housing across the island and mix public and private housing more deliberately.[+2 sentences] This will ensure that the most needy among us, who have not done well yet in our meritocracy, are not deprived of access to good quality public facilities. The successful and yet-to-be successful will live equally far or near to new nodes of economic activity in Jurong and Punggol, to hawker centres, eldercare facilities and schools. Every Singaporean must play our role – resist the "not in my backyard" tendency to shove critical but undesirable facilities like funeral parlours behind rental blocks.[+1 sentence] Another quality common space is schools. We must continue to provide the best teachers and educational resources to our heartland schools and maintain our motto of "Every School a Good School".[+4 sentences] Members may smirk at the mention of this motto. But it is a serious matter to remind ourselves to be thankful that we do not have a bifurcation where the elites send their children to expensive, private schools and the rest to poorly resourced ones. In fact, many of our best students in national examinations come from our heartland schools. Our education policies must enable every Singaporean to pursue their aspirations and realise their potential, regardless of their family background, including those with special needs. Since Independence, our policies have attempted to equalise the opportunities for each generation, even as we know that we can never equalise outcomes.[+12 sentences] Indeed, we are one of the few cities in the world where parents have no qualms putting their children through pre-schools and Primary and Secondary schools where they live. That is part of our brand of meritocracy. Investing in quality education is our way of ensuring a fair and good start to our children's journey, whatever their background. While some have the means to go overseas for studies, every Singaporean has the chance to receive a quality education at home. Everyone knows that their degrees and diplomas from our local institutions carry with them a world-class reputation. Mr Deputy Speaker, my work at Singtel and in Public Service has taken me across the world. In every city, there are areas where the rich and successful live, with schools where only the wealthy and connected can afford to send their children to. And then, there are the areas which visitors are advised to avoid, typically where the low-income or new immigrants gather. Even when rich and poor neighbourhoods exist side by side, their inhabitants never cross paths. I am not talking of developing nations but of rich and wealthy ones. That is a failure of meritocracy that we have avoided and must never allow to take shape in our future. Let me move on to the third ingredient. The Singapore brand of meritocracy must ensure that nobody is left behind.[+1 sentence] How can Government policies achieve this? First, Government policies have to act as enablers, as ladders and bridges, to provide a fair chance for everyone to move up in society, not only across families of jobs, but also over time.[+7 sentences] The Government must, therefore, not allow meritocracy to reward narrowly, but instead broaden and make alternative routes available. As Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam once put it, "multiple peaks of excellence". And if I may add, "many chances of success". Second, our policies must enable self-reliance by supporting and encouraging work. We must provide all Singaporeans with the opportunity to work and do well for themselves and their families, regardless of where they are within our system of meritocracy at that point of time. This empowers individuals and families and strengthens dignity and purpose. But the Government cannot stop there. It has already recognised that the workforce must be ready for future opportunities, as their current skills could become redundant. We are investing in SkillsFuture to support the lifelong development of skills and knowledge, and ITMs to enable our workforce to seize opportunities in the future economy, a future that, as former Minister Lim Swee Say observed, will see workers transit "from one job in one career" to "many jobs in many careers".[+13 sentences] This will also ensure that our meritocracy does not become a static snapshot, but a dynamic one where everyone has the opportunity to reap success throughout his life journey. This recognises that potential is not just realised in school and provides the opportunity for late bloomers to realise new dreams at different stages of their lives. Ultimately, it is trust between citizens and institutions that will strengthen the Singapore brand of meritocracy. To kindle this virtuous cycle, the Government must deliver on our policies and continue to actively and openly engage, except in matters that are sensitive, involving issues of security or commerce. Mr Deputy Speaker, allow me to continue in Malay. (In Malay): Mr Deputy Speaker, please allow me to put on record our highest appreciation to Dr Yaacob Ibrahim for his outstanding contributions as the Minister-in-charge of Muslim Affairs for 16 years. We have truly benefited from his leadership during his tenure. Mr Deputy Speaker, meritocracy has done much to shape the identity of the Malay/Muslim community in Singapore. Although our community has retained our religious beliefs and safeguarded the social values and graces of the Malays, it is meritocracy that gave us unique characteristics. The main impact of meritocracy is that we have shifted from a feudal society that emphasises rank, titles and wealth that can be inherited, into a community that values someone in terms of educational achievement and career. We have become a community that builds hopes and dreams for the future because it opens the possibility of a better life. We do not simply submit to fate. After 50 years of Independence, Singapore’s brand of meritocracy has resulted in achievements that our community can be proud of. The evidence is this: in 1980, only 2.3% of Malay residents attained post-secondary education and above. However, this figure increased steadily to almost 40% of Malay residents in 2015.[+22 sentences] This is the total figure comprising both the young and old. If we look at today’s cohort, only 1% of Malay children do not complete 10 years of schooling and 94% of them attained post-Secondary education. At the University level, we have seen more Malays achieving First Class Honours each year. This is something to be proud of. They are our community’s latest assets and will become the stepping stone towards ensuring our future remains bright. In the job market, we see more Malays in administration, managerial, professional and technical (PMET) jobs. This is an increase from over 7% of the total population in 1980 to more than 32% in 2015. The household income of Malays also increased six fold within 35 years, from 1980 to 2015. Perhaps, there are those who always criticise these achievements because it is seen to be lagging behind other communities. But I feel pride instead because our achievements today are proof that we can succeed by making an effort and not by submitting ourselves to fate or being dependent on assistance. This is even more so when we look at the potential of the current cohort. We are the products of the system of meritocracy that does not side with any particular race or social status. Therefore, to those who succeed and gained everyone’s confidence, our achievements are genuine. In fact, the expertise of the Malays are recognised everywhere we work, because our passports are viewed the same way, it is as red as all others and as valuable. Mr Deputy Speaker, we cannot afford to just be proud of today’s achievements and rest on our laurels. This is because there are three external factors that challenge us and we must overcome. Otherwise, these factors will impede our community’s progress in the future. Firstly, the external elements that attempt to transform and influence how we lead our religious lives here. To a certain extent, these elements have managed to erode our religious and cultural values as Malay/Muslims in this Archipelago as well as our Malay heritage that we should be proud of. These elements can also divide our community and even members of our families. Here, the role of the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS) in supporting the socio-religious life of local Muslims and interaction with Singapore’s multi-religious society, is an important one. We will strive to ensure that our local religious teachers are equally competent and as good as foreign religious preachers who may appear more glamorous. This is because the religious message must be effective and relevant to life in Singapore and should not merely be appealing to the listener. Therefore, we must ensure that the Asatizah Recognition Scheme (ARS) continue to strengthen and be led by the Mufti’s Office and supported by our religious teachers, to accredit religious teachers so that teachings are conducted in line with Singapore’s way of life and context, without compromising basic Islamic values.[+24 sentences] The second challenge is the economic disruptions that have become more frequent. The world is facing many uncertainties economically, socially and politically. These happen near and far. Challenges arise with the expansion of the economies of Asia and our region. Our current position as well as regional countries have changed and we are being challenged to the extent that they have morphed into our closest competitors. New technological disruptions will be more competitive and impactful, whether they come in the form of artificial intelligence (AI), robotics or the digital economy. Our population is ageing further. Jobs disappear quickly and yesterday’s skills are not needed tomorrow. On this aspect, MENDAKI can play an important role by tweaking its programmes. For students, MENDAKI will continue to ensure that they possess basic education and strengthen those with potential, as early as preschool. Therefore, MENDAKI will also collaborate with Government agencies and other Malay/Muslim bodies to focus on factors that cause our children’s education to be interrupted, especially when their families’ lives are disrupted. This is because dysfunctional families would not just prevent our children from reaching their potential, but they will also be more likely to be involved in crime and drug abuse. Since economic disruption can make a university degree to become invaluable or a particular skill to become unwanted in the blink of an eye, MENDAKI has also been busy thinking of ways for our community to live a culture of lifelong learning quickly and ready for change in terms of skills enhancement for the new economy, as well as grab opportunities that will come. The third problem is the impact of extremism from foreign religious influences. It is not limited to just terrorism, because extreme behaviour have started to have links to exclusive behaviour, which can cause the Muslim community to isolate itself from the wider society. To a certain extent, it has already impeded the pace of integration between communities. In facing those challenges, MESRA can also play an important role to ensure that our community remains in the mainstream. MESRA can play a proactive role so that our community has many opportunities to interact with all races in our daily lives and not just in school or at work. This was how Singapore developed an integrated and harmonious society that interacts well with each other despite having different religions and cultures. At the same time, all of us know that the rights and responsibilities of our fellow citizens are not different at all. This is what makes us a cohesive society. Therefore, MESRA must extend its reach so that it does not just focus on the language and cultural segment of the community. I would like MESRA to be further strengthened in order to achieve two major objectives. Firstly, for Malay grassroots volunteers to strive to build a wider and deeper relationship with various segments of the Malay community. Soon, MESRA will have a community focus at Wisma Geylang Serai (WGS) under the leadership of Senior Minister of State Dr Mohamad Maliki which will be sustained for the benefit of the community.[+1 sentence] The other MESRA advisors – Senior Parliamentary Secretary Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim, Senior Parliamentary Secretary Amrin Amin and Ms Rahayu Mahzam – have already started several innovative pilot programmes that involve professionals in new fields like health, legal and education. This clearly proved to be attractive to new segments of our community. We will increase such programmes and implement them in more residential areas as well as at the MESRA Centre in WGS.[+2 sentences] Second, we will strengthen the ranks of good calibre leadership in MESRA. I am grateful that several professionals who are outstanding in their respective fields have answered our call to work together to help our community continue its progress. With this, I am heartened to announce the establishment of the People’s Association Advisory Council of MESRA comprising seven advisors, MESRA’s highest Exco and those professional members.[+9 sentences] We will work together to involve more professionals in order to give better service and contributions to the community in MESRA’s activities. This is the best outcome of meritocracy in the Malay/Muslim community, whereby our outstanding professionals who have succeeded return to give back to the community. Mr Deputy Speaker, looking ahead, three main thrusts will be emphasised in our continuing effort to strengthen our community. Firstly, we will continue to strengthen MUIS, MENDAKI and MESRA – or the power of M3 – with the best manpower and standards. These three institutions are highly valuable assets to the community and the cornerstone of the Malay/Muslim community in Singapore. Although M3 comprises different institutions – MUIS as a statutory body, MENDAKI as a self-help group and MESRA as a part of the People’s Association – our system of meritocracy enables us to strengthen M3 with the best officers. Meritocracy also ensures that renewal can be done if some parts are less than outstanding. In addition, professionals at M3 should be able to and know how to have synergy and solidarity when working with one another. M3 has to drive efforts with the same aim and direction towards achieving progress for the Malay/Muslim community. Second, since the effort to drive M3 to overcome the community’s challenges is a heavy one, we, the officeholder MPs – that is, myself, Senior Minister of State Dr Mohamad Maliki, Minister of State Zaqy Mohamad, Senior Parliamentary Secretary Assoc Prof Dr Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim and Senior Parliamentary Secretary Amrin Amin – will work together as one united team.[+1 sentence] I will ask them to lead various initiatives and mobilise other partners. As the first step, I am appointing Minister of State Zaqy Mohamad as the Vice-Chairman of MENDAKI.[+26 sentences] We will work with the same alignment. As the African proverb goes, we realise that if we wish to run fast, then run alone. But if we wish to run far, let us run together. Third, M3 will further strengthen their respective networks. There are many innovative programmes being done by the organisations within M3. However, one weakness that should be addressed is the issue of last-mile service delivery. The following story illustrates this example very clearly. Mdm S is a resident in my constituency. Her family faced difficulties when her husband was detained for drug offences. They have just sold their house. The rules state that she is not allowed to rent a home. She cannot purchase a new house because the CPF amount is in her husband’s account. When grassroots volunteers knew about her situation, we hastened to get help for her. Clearly, there are many available programmes to help her. The main one is getting the attention of the Social Service Office (SSO) and HDB. The Family Service Centre of the Singapore Buddhist Lodge Vision also provided counselling as she began to have depression. They referred her to opportunities to undergo training and, with this support, she started work even though she never had a job before this. Mdm S and her children were also helped by the Muslimin Trust Fund Association (MTFA), the Harun Ghani Education Fund and MENDAKI’s Weekend Tuition Scheme. As she was very determined to be self-reliant, there were times when she was willing to do several jobs. Her life journey was full of challenges, but her family stayed together. Her husband has been released and returned to their family. Her husband now works as a driver and they have moved to a 3-room flat. The most wonderful thing was that her three children are now studying in Polytechnics. Because volunteers managed to get in touch with Mdm S early and society quickly supported her and accompanied her in her difficult journey, her family was able to rise up again. Mr Deputy Speaker, this shows the importance of last-mile service delivery. That is why it should be developed and strengthened. I think that we have sufficient programmes produced by M3 institutions and their affiliates to assist the community and help it progress, including programmes by the Government. Therefore, we would like M3 to develop and strengthen the respective networks in order to become an effective "last mile": MUIS with our mosques, madrasahs and religious leaders; MENDAKI with its Malay/Muslim affiliate bodies; and MESRA with the professionals and the general public. Moving forward, all their institutions and networks must exist as one ecosystem whereby the three institutions are not only innovative when crafting community programmes, but also help one another by delivering the other institution’s programme as well as Government programmes through their networks, wherever it can be beneficial.[+14 sentences] If we can overcome the attitude of "Not Invented Here", or not supporting others’ initiatives and guarding our own turf, or worry that our influence will be affected, our community can make more discernable progress. We must make use of our community’s full potential. We are already admired by visitors to Singapore as a model minority community that succeeded because we have been strengthened by Singapore’s system of meritocracy. It will be unfortunate if we only create a community that is prosperous only in terms of wealth. Let us listen to the lyrics of a song by Malay rock legend Ramli Sarip titled “I Seek Eternal Peace” from his album, Sadaqa. I will not sing it of course. His lyrics are: “I do not seek abundant wealth To live like a rich man I do not seek millions of dollars To live lavishly I do not seek friends To live a life of indulgence” Our prosperity should also make our community feel so grateful that they are moved to have the spirit of giving. This spirit of giving, in turn, will encourage us to have the responsibility to develop the community on the basis of the gotong-royong spirit. This was also my message to a group of tertiary students recently at Berita Harian, that is, when they eventually become successful, they should give back and engage the community. At the very least, they can inspire others to succeed as well. This is in line with what I said earlier, whereby, if meritocracy only manages to make us successful, it is an imperfect system because it does not inculcate the desire to give back to society. In line with the coming month of Ramadan, let us renew our pledge to give blessings to all. With that, we can achieve an objective in life that is consistent with the message from Ramli’s song earlier, that is, “to have a life of eternal peace”. Mr Deputy Speaker, our President calls on us to keep Singapore an exceptional nation. Our collaboration will enhance the standing of the Malay/Muslim community in Singapore, from a model minority community into an exceptional minority community just like the Gurkha community whose members are known for their courage in the battlefield and are an exceptional Nepalese minority community.[+5 sentences] Let us build an exceptional Singaporean Malay/Muslim community in the Southeast Asian Archipelago. (In English): Let me conclude. We are at a key juncture in our nation’s journey. In this journey, we will preserve our place in the world; Singapore must remain exceptional. And we must do so with the Singapore brand of meritocracy, one that is not merely a way to allocate resources but to do so also fairly and effectively. The Singapore brand of meritocracy must remain the means to build a good society, not just one to build a richer society.[+2 sentences] With the aim to ensure that Singapore remains a home for all, not just for the rich and successful. A Singapore where nobody is left behind and a Singapore which continues to provide opportunities for everyone to realise his dreams. 5.28 pm
Mr Ang Wei Neng (Jurong)2325 words
[+4 sentences]Deputy Speaker, Sir, during a recent business lunch, I was relating how some families in my constituency were relying on pay-as-you-use or PayU meter and could not even afford a refrigerator, a basic household item to many. One of the successful business leaders at the lunch suddenly cut me off by saying she could not believe there was a device like PayU meter in Singapore. She quickly changed topic by saying how she and her daughters from a top girls' school would only stay in Marriot Hotel when they travelled overseas. She did not come across as a person who was particularly arrogant, ignorant or heartless. Her circle of friends was mainly from the same school, the same social class as her.[+1 sentence] I do not think she is alone. Thus, it is not surprising that the IPS study on social capital in Singapore showed that those staying in private housing are more likely to have ties with people staying in private housing as compared to those staying in public housing. In fact, the IPS survey reveals that the social divide in Singapore is more likely based on class rather than race or religion. To this end, I am glad that the President acknowledged the need for the 4G leaders to deal with income inequality and social stratification seriously in her Address.[+21 sentences] During the 45th Gallen Symposium in 2015, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam talked about our policy with regard to housing estates and ensuring a certain racial quota. He said the policy would not have come naturally: “The most intrusive social policy in Singapore has turned out to be the most important,” as it melded a nation where the people considered themselves Singaporeans first and foremost. In my speech today, I would like to urge the Government to urgently tackle the issue of class-based divides with the same intent, purpose and rigour as we did in the past in ensuring racial and religious harmony, or the “CIMO” policy as it is known by ordinary Singaporeans. What do we mean by class-based divides and social divides? The IPS report has broadly categorised the social divides in two aspects: one, comprising people staying in private or public housing; and another, arising from what most Singaporeans believe to be from "elite" and "non-elite" school backgrounds. How do we encourage people staying in the private estates to make the effort to mix more with people staying in the public housing estates? Many speakers before me have made very good suggestions. Through volunteering, sports and developing common interests, we can encourage mixing of social class. For me, I just want to focus on one housing policy that may help to mitigate the social divide between people staying in public and private housing. I understand that MND has a policy of reserving land just beside MRT stations for private housing. The rationale is that the reserved land can be tendered out so that the prime land can be sold at a market rate that reflects the true value of the land beside MRT stations. If HDB were to build public housing just beside the MRT station, there is a limit to which HDB can price the HDB flats significantly higher than those further away, from a social standpoint. As a result, those who succeed in obtaining such flats through balloting would be deemed as enjoying too much of a windfall. However, such a policy has had its unintended side effects. The private housing built beside an MRT station often blocks the direct path between the public housing estate and the MRT station. So, the MRT station is here, the reserve land is in the middle and the public housing estate is on the right. The pavement built in between the HDB estate and MRT station often blocks the direct path and the residents cannot walk directly to the MRT station but they have to make a big round. This is very evident in Jurong. In Potong Pasir, for example, URA has tweaked the policy to mandate the developer building the condominium beside Potong Pasir MRT station to maintain a public passageway for the residents in the Potong Pasir HDB precincts to have a direct path to the MRT station. So, I urge URA, HDB and LTA to consider rectifying the past errors based on the Potong Pasir model. Next, I would like to turn our attention to bridging the gap between those from "elite" and "non-elite" school backgrounds. A 2016 study showed that children from higher socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to attend Integrated Programme (IP) Secondary schools and their affiliated Primary schools as well as those that offer the Gifted Education Programme (GEP).[+2 sentences] About 30 years ago, Raffles Institution (RI) and Raffles Girls’ School (RGS) recruited students from a large base of Primary schools, "elite" or "non-elite" Primary schools through merit, basically through the PSLE results. From my understanding, 30 years ago, students from "non-elite" Primary schools, that is, from all the different schools made up more than half of the RI, RGS students. Today, RI and RGS still take in students from roughly the same number of Primary schools. However, my estimate is that less than half are from the "non-elite" primary schools.[+12 sentences] MOE probably has the figures and I hope the figures can be shared publicly. At least the immediate-past principal of RI had admitted that, I quote, “RI is now a 'middle-class' school that caters to the affluent segment of Singapore’s population. Wealthier families have been able to give their children an edge through tuition and enrichment, leading to examinations, such as the PSLE, no longer being the level playing field that they were intended to be", and I agree. Similarly, most RI alumni interviewed also agreed that RI had become less diverse in its student population. The concern is that the "haves", with their connections and advantages, get more and more economic, social and cultural capital, while the "have-nots" struggle to even get a foot in the game even if they work hard from the start. Is Singapore meritocratic? Today, a good number of us in this House came from humble family backgrounds, including myself. Thirty years from now, will we see a similar composition? What can we do to address this? It is a deep and complex issue with many causes and points of approach but I would like to suggest that we start with our education policies. Much has been said about investing in pre-schools and giving all children a good start in life, which is commendable. I would like to dwell on what happens after, because socialisation continues even after the age of seven. Despite the claim that "Every School is a Good School", I am concerned that the range of students getting into the perceived “elite” schools in Singapore is narrowing in terms of family affluence.[+1 sentence] The concern is that the rich, the well-connected parents have the means to “protect access” to the best schools – and perhaps even the best opportunities in life for their children, excluding those who are not so well-off. To address this issue, I would like to suggest that the principal of each “non-elite” Primary school be allowed to nominate one deserving student from their respective school to enter a top Secondary school. “Deserving” implies that the student is of the intellect, temperament and potential to go to a top school.[+29 sentences] However, such a student may come from a disadvantaged background and perhaps could not afford the enrichment or tuition that caused him or her to miss the PSLE T-score of the top school cut-off point by one or two points. Will such “nominated” students feel inferior in a top school? Will such a student continue to experience unfair disadvantage as he or she cannot afford a personal laptop or co-pay the overseas field trip? This is where additional help in terms of financial and mentorship will be useful. Perhaps, a Junior Raffles Institution Scholarship of $1,000 cash a year offered by RI can be modified to cater to this group of students. Otherwise, it will remain only a handful of successful applicants each year. However, financial assistance or scholarships may not suffice. Author Shamus Khan, who wrote “Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite at St Paul’s School”, makes an interesting point about how those from disadvantaged backgrounds given scholarships to the school are never quite on the same level as the entitled. Academic performance notwithstanding, they are deferential and do not have the same air of success and confidence, traits which would serve them well in later business, politics and public life. This is where mentorship is important. The top school may have to institute a mentorship scheme whereby the successful alumni who came from similar humble backgrounds can periodically provide guidance, encouragement and connection to this group of “nominated” students. Next, I would like to turn our attention to the Special Assistance Plan (SAP). SAP was introduced by our founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew in 1979 to preserve the best Chinese-stream schools so as to develop effectively bilingual students inculcated with traditional Chinese values. There are currently 11 SAP Secondary schools. I am from the second batch of SAP students and I have benefited from the system tremendously. So has our current Minister for Education, Mr Ong Ye Kung. Mr Ong had confided that he would not have attended Maris Stella High School if it was not a SAP school. SAP schools have existed for nearly 40 years and many people have asked to examine their relevance today. With China becoming a major global player and the second largest economy in the world, it is even more pressing and necessary for SAP schools to churn out youths who are comfortable with the Chinese language, culture and values. This has and will continue to help Singapore to deepen our relationship with China. It will help facilitate trade, business and cultural exchanges with the mainland Chinese. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, please allow me to continue my speech in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): I am from the second batch of SAP students. I am able to speak in Parliament in both Chinese and English and credit must be given to the SAP system. Next year, 2019, SAP schools will be celebrating their 40th anniversary. It is also the bicentennial of Singapore. The Chinese like to celebrate the "5s” and "10s” to review the past and look into the future. I would like to take this opportunity to look into the pros and cons of SAP schools. SAP was introduced by founding Prime Minister Mr Lee Kuan Yew in 1979 to preserve the traditions of the Chinese schools and to cultivate effectively – bilingual and bi-cultural talents. The number of SAP schools has increased from the original nine to 11 in 2011. SAP schools are very popular and many of the SAP schools have also developed into elite schools and their success stories abound.[+5 sentences] With the success of its economic reform, China has become the second largest economy in the world. With its One Belt One Road initiative, the Chinese influence in Asia and the world is becoming more and more significant. Not only are more Singaporeans willing to learn Chinese, foreigners are also sending their children to Singapore to learn Chinese. So, learning Higher Chinese is no longer the monopoly of SAP schools. Many Secondary schools are now offering Higher Chinese and the take-up rate has been increasing over the years. Many people are asking: do we still need to have SAP schools?[+2 sentences] To learn a language is not just for examination or being able to speak and write. The important thing is to know, understand and appreciate the culture. Hence, the Chinese tradition of the SAP schools is a very important factor in cultivating bi-culturalism in Chinese and English.[+1 sentence] It is an irreplaceable channel. However, the development of SAP schools has hindered the chance of non-Chinese students entering SAP schools. Now, only those who have studied Higher Chinese can go to a SAP school.[+4 sentences] The threshold is too high. Is this a good phenomenon? Just now, in my English speech, I mentioned that educational background has become a faultline in our society; students from the elite schools and non-elite schools tend to stay within their own inner circles. This is natural as “like attracts like”. To fix this faultline, perhaps we can review the policy and allow non-Chinese students to attend SAP schools.[+5 sentences] For example, to allow non-Chinese students studying ordinary Chinese to attend SAP schools. Allowing non-Chinese students to study in SAP schools provides Chinese students with the opportunity to mix with non-Chinese students. It has shown that graduates from SAP schools, whether they go to JCs, polytechnics, universities or National Service, can generally mix well with non-Chinese Singaporeans. However, we should not refrain from promoting Chinese culture in SAP schools just because there are non-Chinese students in the school, just like the Mission schools or Buddhist schools will not reduce their religious aspect simply because there are non-believers in the school. Non-Chinese students going to SAP schools will have to accept exposure to the Chinese culture. Lowering the threshold for non-Chinese students to go to SAP schools is a complicated and sensitive issue. I hope MOE can face the issue squarely and discuss with people from all walks of life.[+7 sentences] It is not necessary to make a hasty decision. (In English): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, encouraging non-Chinese students to study at SAP schools is a sensitive topic. However, we have to face the situation squarely as we tackle the issue of class divides along educational background. Class was certainly not so much of an issue when the words of the Singapore pledge "regardless of race, language or religion" were coined. But, the situation is different today. We now want to build a democratic society, regardless of race, language, religion or class. With this, I support the Motion. 5.45 pm
Mr Kwek Hian Chuan Henry (Nee Soon)1911 words
[+25 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion. There has been much discussion about fighting inequality and blurring emerging social divides. It boils down to different perspectives. Is the glass half empty or half full? We have a functioning meritocracy with various pathways of success. But our needy sometimes face structural issues. We have healthy social mixing. But there are areas of rising concerns. Rather than arguing about whether the glass is half empty or half full, can we get everyone to join in to fill up this half empty and half full glass called Singapore? How can we achieve this? The answer, I believe, is what psychologists have termed as the "Ikea effect". Simply put, the "Ikea effect" says that we cherish what we build. Many of us have struggled with self-assembled furniture. The instructions often look easy: insert a screw here and turn an Allen key there. But the results are usually far from perfect and certainty not what we see in the showroom. Yet, despite the imperfections, we are intensely attached to our self-built furniture, far beyond their useful years. At home, I still own a few Ikea stools that I built during my university days. They made it through eight house moves and I lugged them through half the world. This is the "Ikea effect": we cherish things that we build and labour leads to love. Therefore, when we get Singaporeans to come together to build a better society, we value not just the shiny successes, but also the imperfections, the work in progress. I often see this happening on the ground when we come together to do some meaningful social work. After a successful project, the better-off among us appreciate the challenges and inequalities that less fortunate Singaporeans face. We also realise that our own success is not just a result of our hard work and talen,; but also of circumstances and the help of others along the way. At the same time, the needy among us get lifted up, not just because of the material assistance that they received, but also because of the wisdom and life-skills, because they felt the warmth and solidarity of fellow Singaporeans and because they learnt that those with less also have something to give. Most importantly, whether we are the better-off or the needy, we all appreciate society with its imperfections, because we all know that, on that day, we made society just a little bit better. With that in mind, I would like to propose three sets of policies that can fight inequality and bridge social divides. First of all, by making SG Cares a centerpiece of Singapore.[+2 sentences] We can make volunteerism a defining aspect of what it means to be Singaporean. SG Cares encourages individuals, companies, schools – to work together to build a more inclusive Singapore. SG Cares is already piloted in two towns.[+1 sentence] I believe we can do more. Over the next five years, I hope we can extend and connect SG Cares with our five Community Development Councils (CDCs), as well as with the grassroots across Singapore.[+7 sentences] How do the pieces fall together? SG Cares provides the technology, combines the needs of various communities and serves as the bridge to major companies and institutions. The CDCs provide support for various causes. Some CDCs, such as Northwest CDC, also have good social work programmes and can mobilise people to do good. With the data, technology and added volunteers from SG Cares, as well as project management and funding from the CDCs, the grassroots can be an effective last-mile coordinator of assistance to the needy. For example, in my constituency, Kebun Baru, thanks to the strong support from Mayor Teo Ho Pin of Northwest CDC, we are implementing two priority long-term programmes for social work: to build up the best community support for cancer patients and survivors, and to build a dementia-friendly community. We are also exploring getting technical assistance from SG Cares. At the same time, I am advocating that over the next two years, we can consider piloting the SG Cares/CDC/grassroots collaboration for a quarter of all Singapore.[+20 sentences] And from 2020 onwards, we roll out this collaboration nation-wide. At the same time, I also hope that SG Cares can mobilise our people to help pockets of Singaporeans that are usually unseen, such as children and youths at our various homes and the young offenders serving time. Over time, I hope that SG Care can make volunteerism a defining characteristic of being Singaporean. SG Cares can transform the Singapore psyche and turn Singapore into a Democracy of Deeds. Let me next speak on encouraging Singaporeans to forge friendships across social divides. Today, MOE encourages students to do VIA programmes. We can use this platform to incentivise youths to do more social mixing. Specifically, MOE can provide bonus VIA points to encourage collaborations between different schools. At the cluster level, the MOE school leaders can work hard to nurture collaboration between elite and non-elite schools, so that students from different educational backgrounds can forge friendship from a young age. MCCY and MOE can also create a parallel track for youth sports, so as to encourage social mixing outside the schools. For example, we can grow ActiveSG's Sports Academy and Clubs to absorb more youths from different schools and give them CCA points under the LEAD framework. At the same time, MOE can also invite Sports Academy and Clubs to send teams to join inter-school sports competitions. And, in general, ActiveSG also brings people together through regular sports competitions and activities. There is more we can do to encourage them to extend their camaraderie beyond the soccer field or badminton hall. And when Singaporeans willingly come together to socialise, they will treasure the bonds they build. To the third set of ideas: supporting our needy to break out of the poverty cycle through some policy enhancements. First of all, we can do more to promote financial literacy and prudence of our needy. There are many VWOs who are willing to go to the schools, army camps, the community, or even the prisons to teach financial literacy. We should open the doors to them. MAS and MTI can also do more. MAS can mandate businesses to present interest rates to consumers in a unified manner. MAS can also mandate a simplified template for presenting mass-market financial product information. MTI can tighten the hire-purchase regulations to clean up unfair practices and charges that some of our needy get entangled with.[+4 sentences] These will benefit all Singaporeans, but especially the needy. Second, we can consider reviewing our Registration of Criminals Act, to temper justice with mercy, to rehabilitate and to re-integrate. We all know that a prison conviction can have a tremendous impact on a person's ability to get hired. That, in turn, creates financial hardship for the family and contributes to poverty and inequality. Today, a former inmate with no prior convictions and who is jailed for no more than three months or fined no more than $2,000, can apply for the criminal record to be spent after a five-year crime-free period. Perhaps, MHA can review and propose a wider scope of criminal records that can be spent over time, if former inmates go through voluntary community rehabilitation.[+33 sentences] These former inmates can volunteer for five years at VWOs that are IPCs. A national panel can review their volunteer efforts and recommend to MHA on whether their criminal records deserve to be spent. Lastly, we can provide a better rental housing environment for our needy while they battle to improve their lives. For example, we can factor in household size as a major criterion to rental flat size. For singles who are working hard and cooperating with the social workers, we can consider waiving the joint-single requirement if no suitable room-mates can be found. Let me now talk about the economy, about unleashing data and digital transformation to drive our economy. There are many exciting possibilities if we can overlap our data and digital capabilities with Singapore's physical and financial connectivity. Let me first share three examples of recent success. We have built our new National Trade Platform (NTP), which serves as our "national single window" for trade. We are also connecting our NTP to Japan, to China through the Chongqing Connectivity Initiative (CCI), as well as to Hong Kong through the Global Trade Connectivity Network (GTCN). As a result, physical trade documentation is minimised. Default and transaction risk in trade financing is reduced. Through the Project Ubin trials, MAS is using distributed ledger technology to circumvent slow and expensive bank-to-bank transfers technology. Singapore companies are also coming together to build the Fast Track Trade Platform (FTTP). This SME trade platform is a block-chain powered digital e-commerce marketplace, with many added financing and insurance services built on it. In turn, these three projects can open up new possibilities for Singapore, especially if we can integrate them into a national e-business platform. Can we allow our banks and financing companies to tap on these trade and transaction data, so that they can determine more efficient ways to provide finances and issuing credits to our companies? Can we connect up the supply chain of players of various industries to identify real-time opportunities? For example, during low-demand periods, can three-party logistics (3PLs) and warehousing companies tie up with PSA or CAAS to offer discounted services, so that we can encourage more ships and freight planes to stop by Singapore? Can we integrate this platform to our digital security efforts, so that our emerging digital service providers can work with next-generation technology? Lastly, is there scope for us to extend relevant and non-competing aspects of our national e-business platform to the rest of ASEAN because ASEAN can be a single economic ecosystem, with Singapore at the heart of it? Beyond this, digital technology can also help us drive our Government's productivity, which has an impact on business productivity. The National Trade Platform can be described as a "National Single Window" for trade for all companies. Can we build other "national single windows" digital platforms for other industry clusters? For example, developers, builders and architectures within the construction sector have to work with various agencies to get the permits and approvals. These are expensive and time-consuming processes. Can we get various agencies to redesign their approval processes, identify conflicting or overlapping requirements and create a common and current depository of regulations for all? This means the entire sector can efficiently transact with the Government through that single national window for most key processes. And if we can come up with a "National Single Window" digital platform for the construction sector, another obvious choice is the lifestyle cluster, which frequently has to deal with various agencies on F&B, zoning and Police permits. To conclude, our debate on the President's Address gives us the opportunity to cast our eyes to a further horizon. I share many of the priorities that the Government has highlighted. In particular, I believe there are exciting opportunities to use data and digital transformation to drive the economy and also believe that there are some policy adjustments that we can do more of to fight inequality and bridge social divides. Most importantly, if we can infuse SG Cares into the Singapore soul, inspire our people to build a better Singapore, we will all be happy and happier for it because people value what they build and because labour builds love. 5.58 pm
Mr Ganesh Rajaram (Nominated Member)1456 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion to thank President Halimah Yacob for her Address in this House last week. Sir, President Halimah's speech clearly defined the roles and challenges facing the 4G leadership of Singapore. Building a well-connected world city, developing a vibrant economy, forging a cohesive, caring society and nurturing a Singaporean identity that we can be proud of. These were all addressed by Mdm President and they struck a cord with all Singaporeans. But to me, Sir, the most important points of Mdm President's Address were about the 4G leadership earning the trust and connecting with Singaporeans.[+1 sentence] Trust is a commodity that cannot be taken for granted and is not easily earned. The trust that we currently have between Singaporeans and the Government will not automatically pass on from one generation to another.[+1 sentence] Mdm President said and I quote, “In each generation, the people and leaders must work with one another, go through trials and tribulations together and forge their own bonds afresh”. She added, the 4G Leaders they will need to listen to the views and feelings of the people and, by their own words and deeds, show that they have heard”.[+8 sentences] These are powerful words and I hope very much that the 4G leadership will heed this very wise advice, Sir, as trust and connecting with the people are the foundation stone of the social compact between Singaporeans and their leaders. So, how should the 4G leadership connect, maintain and build on the trust that their predecessors have had for all these years? My sense is that this is already happening. We have arguably the brightest and most able talent of their generation on the 4G leadership bench. Many are natural born leaders. But in today’s digital world, where reputations are made almost instantaneously – and lost just as quickly – how our next generation leaders engage with Singaporeans will be particularly crucial. Behavioural experts will tell you that how you are perceived is often the starting point of how your message is received and understood and this intuitive impression you make on your audience is very much a function of the multiple visual and social cues you send out. Sir, self-awareness is, funnily enough, one of those qualities obvious to those who value it and quite invisible to those who struggle with it. In a paper published in the MIT Sloan Management Review in February this year, self-awareness was cited as the most important capability for leaders to develop.[+1 sentence] Successful leaders know where their natural inclinations lie and use this knowledge to boost those inclinations, or compensate for them. A Korn Ferry International study also found that self-awareness impacts the bottom lines of companies.[+46 sentences] Sir, our 4G leaders have shown their capabilities in leading Ministries, formulating policies and tackling difficult issues on a daily basis. As they transition to become the future leaders of Singapore, I hope very much that they will strive to remain fully aware of the aspirations and concerns of Singaporeans on the ground, beyond the traditional avenues of feedback. Sir, the advantage that the 4G leadership has today is that they are surrounded by a treasure trove of experience and wisdom that lie with 3G and the second generation (2G) leaders, many of whom are still with us in this House. They exemplify the trust and connection with the people that President Halimah spoke about. I would like to pay tribute, Sir, to three of these leaders who recently stepped down from their Ministerial posts. Sir, Singapore owes a debt of gratitude to Mr Lim Hng Kiang, Mr Lim Swee Say and Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob Ibrahim for their dedicated service and contributions over many years. I did not have the privilege of working closely with Mr Lim Hng Kiang and Mr Lim Swee Say, but I have seen how well they connect with the ground and how trusted they are. So, thank you, Sirs, for your contributions. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I did have the very great privilege of working closely with Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob Ibrahim for over the last decade or so. Prior to working with him, I had the privilege of lining up behind him at a popular briyani stall at Newton Food Centre when he was Minister for the Environment and Water Resources, probably in the mid to late 2000s. What struck me then was his humility and graciousness. No one would have noticed that a Minister was in the queue. He was friendly, approachable and got his food without any fuss; all this, with his trademark smile. I was impressed. Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob and I met formally when he was the Minister for Communications and Information. Because of my appointment to the then-MDA Board and also several other MCI committees, I had the opportunity to work closely with Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob. What strikes me most about Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob in my interactions with him over the 10 years is his awareness of those around him and how he makes it a point to make those around him feel comfortable and at ease. Let me share with this House my favourite anecdote about Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob. In 2013, I hosted Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob to a dinner at a television market in Cannes, France. My events team in London had made reservations at a halal restaurant in Cannes, which was a challenge back then as there were only a handful of them. It was a Middle Eastern restaurant which they said was a highly recommended seafront restaurant. So, we sat down to dinner at that restaurant, ordered our food and everything was going well. In the middle of our main course, loud music came on and, to my horror, a belly dancer emerged. She went table to table to try to get diners to join her on the dance floor. I broke out in cold sweat, hoping that she would not stop at our table to ask the Minister to dance. Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob patted my hand and said in his usual calm manner, “Ganesh, don’t worry about it; just enjoy your food. I’ve encountered this in my travels to the Middle East many times and they won’t disturb you if you are busy eating your food.” And true enough, the belly dancer skipped our table. Beyond the belly dancing episode, Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob was always connected, calm and gracious in work settings, so much so that it is quite hard to disagree with him. And even on occasions when we have disagreed, Dr Yaacob would always make it a point to explain his side of things. He is, to me, an excellent example of a leader who is self-aware, connected and genuine. And this, to me, is why he is trusted by all who have worked with him and the people he serves. Sir, in Tamil, please. (In Tamil): Last week, President Halimah Yacob mentioned in her speech several points on how the 4G leaders should lead our country. They must receive the support of the people. They must have a good relationship and trust among the people, she said. They must work hard for that. The 2G and 3G leaders have built a relationship as strong as a tower with the people. This will not be easy for the 4G leaders. They still have much more to learn from senior leaders in our Parliament. Let us take Assoc Prof Dr Yaacob Ibrahim as an example. He had been a Minister for 16 years and a Member of Parliament for 22. I was a Board member at the Media Development Authority for some time with him and had the opportunity to interact with him. He always had a smile on his face. And from the Permanent Secretary in MCI to all who still work in the Ministry, everyone was simple and interacted courteously like him. The 4G leaders would have much to learn from their experiences and lead the country well. (In English): Sir, President Halimah Yacob, in her speech, asked for the 4G leaders to make bold moves. For this to happen, trust has to be paramount. If there is no trust, people will not believe the messenger and bold policy decisions will be that much harder to effect.[+1 sentence] In today’s digital world, the messenger and the way the message is delivered are sometimes more important than the message itself. My hope is that the 4G leadership strives to be continually self-aware as they engage with the people of Singapore. Trust is earned, not given; I am confident that the 4G leadership will build their own strong connections in the years ahead. 6.08 pm
The Senior Minister of State for Health and Transport (Dr Lam Pin Min)1946 words
[+4 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, thank you for allowing me to speak on the Motion of Thanks to the President for her Address at the Opening of the Second Session of the Thirteenth Parliament. President Halimah stressed the importance of leadership in an "uncertain and volatile world" and aptly advised that the 4th generation leadership must "fire up and mobilise" the spirit and energy of young Singaporeans and grow with the people we represent. I cannot agree more. Leadership renewal is well underway with the recent Cabinet reshuffle. Singapore will transit progressively from 3G to 4G over the next two to five years.[+6 sentences] Each generation of leadership change premises a new social compact – one that is based on a set of core inclusive and shared values; one that also builds on our past and embraces our future. Confucius once said: "Study the past, if you would divine the future". An astute Singaporean political observer once shared with me this: he said that when Singapore was first founded from the embers of the British Empire and the brief interlude in Malaya, the founding fathers of the first-generation leadership saw the need to build the country and its institutions as quickly as possible, in the face of external threats and internal strife. The relationship between the polity and the political leaders could be summed up as "No Voice and No Choice". There was no luxury of space for discourse or time for discussion with the people. People accepted this because existential threats were not rhetorical questions or strategic questions to be answered but they were actually day-to-day issues that needed to be tackled in the business of running Singapore. After about 20 years in the mid-1980s, as the 2G leaders began to take on the day-to-day running of the country and things settled down a bit, the people were then asked to air their views. It is no surprise that the Feedback Unit, which was the precursor of REACH, was formed in 1985.[+5 sentences] This new consultative leadership, could be summed up as "Got Voice but Little Choice". We hear you, and, indeed, we want to hear from you, but we will still have to make the hard decisions because we still know better. After another 20 years, the 3G took over. The 3G team started taking over the responsibilities of running Singapore in 2001 even though the 2G leaders kept a watchful eye. The 3G team formally took over in 2004 with the appointment of the current Prime Minister. Active citizenry was encouraged and this is best encapsulated by the evolution of the Feedback Unit into REACH in 2006.[+29 sentences] REACH stands for Reaching Everyone for Active Citizenry @ Home. I think some of us may have forgotten this little factoid. Active citizenry is necessary because the Government recognises that it does not have all the answers. Political and policy solutions used to be formulated for the people. In the 3G age, solutions have to be formulated and implemented with the people. The relationship has now evolved to "Got Voice and Got Choice". What about 4G? Where and how should Singaporeans and their 4G leaders go from here? Whether it is "No Voice and No Choice" or "Got Voice but Little Choice" or "Got Voice and Got Choice", one fundamental force remains over the last 50 to 60 years. And that is Trust. The trust between the PAP Government and the people has largely remained strong over the years, despite the many tests and tribulations. Trust not just nurtures and edifies, but, if not betrayed, trust perseveres and overcomes. Trust, with time, reveals and discovers. Trust, is difficult to quantify or value precisely, but, in its absence, renders almost everything else worthless in a relationship. Trust endows us with courage and cohesion, which are what we need going forward. I am not talking about individual courage but courage as a nation and as a people to forge a future together. As Aristotle once said, "Courage is the first of human qualities, because it is the quality that guarantees others". Courage as a group is based on trust. Cohesion is a little bit more difficult to understand. Cohesion is not simply uniformity and does not occur just as a default option due to the lack of diversity. Of course, if a group shares the same genetic, cultural and geographical factors, then cohesion may be much easier to achieve. But the hard truth is that the hand that nature dealt Singapore is not an easy one – Our multiracialism, multi-religion and multiculturalism may be a strength, just as much as it can be a challenge. And we will always have to work through the cards we are dealt, one by one to get the best possible result. This is and will be the work of generations of leaders of Singapore. Just as our Founding Father Mr Lee Kuan Yew had reminded us, "This is not a Malay nation, this is not a Chinese nation, this is not an Indian nation. Everybody will have his place: equal; language, culture, religion." The challenges are many for the new 4G leadership. Some may think that existential and basic questions no longer dog us. We no longer worry about the roof over our heads, about clean water or having enough food for our children and having a chance to get a decent education. The only basic or "daily-living" questions that admittedly still elude us a little are the high costs of living, affordability of healthcare and reliability of our public transport system. The PAP Government, whether current or future, is determined and committed to address these issues together with the people.[+7 sentences] But this does not mean we do not have challenges that threaten the very basic fabric of our society. These challenges are more subtle but no less fundamental and visceral. One major challenge is how do we maintain cohesion in Singapore? Cohesion is formed from a sense of identity, shared values and singularity in purpose. It is, unfortunately, as abstract as trust. The old challenges of race and religion to cohesion are still there. It will always be a work-in-progress in Singapore. The 3G leadership has evolved and made appropriate changes in giving voice and choice to the people and the 4G leadership should do likewise, albeit in a more challenging environment. But there are other forces at work, such as technological disruptions, the proliferation of fake news and sometimes extremist views and ideologies that we need to be watchful about if we are to protect and improve upon the cohesion we have.[+2 sentences] To me, there are three key challenges on building cohesion facing Singapore and the new leadership. Let me share them with the House. The first challenge is the widening social and income divide.[+5 sentences] The gap between the "haves" and "have-nots" is becoming more pronounced. How do we keep the country going together when different social classes may be living, literally and physically, further and further apart? On one side, there may be families who take holidays in European ski resorts without a second thought and, on the other hand, many other families can only afford to take a coach to Malacca for holiday, if at all. These outcomes may be entirely due to a meritocratic system sorting out society and also due to market forces and may be even entirely justifiable from such perspectives, but, in the long run, what will be the effect on cohesion? And what do such outcomes reflect on the values we profess or, at least, claim to profess? The second challenge to cohesion is marshalling the middle ground.[+28 sentences] It has been said that if one can capture the middle ground, then one is usually victorious in politics. But as we have seen in many post-fact democratic societies, one sometimes wonders what is the middle ground? In most issues in the past, the spectrum of opinion of the polity could be described by a Gaussian distribution, or what we call a bell-shaped curve. If the entire chunk of the bell-shaped curve supports you, you are home. I am not sure if the bell-shaped curve is still so prevalent anymore in the multi-polar world with many different viewpoints and groups. Anyone can publish a blog or be an influencer with a following of thousands. There are now thousands of moderately loud voices versus only several very loud voices in the past. It is getting harder and harder to discern what constitutes the middle ground and what does not. Or whether the middle ground now is simply a collection of smaller interest groups, temporarily coalescing out of shared self-interest and undergoing dissolution soon after? There are now too many choices and voices. How then do we lead and foster cohesion when the middle ground is either not so middle or grounded? Consequently, it may become harder and politically riskier to prescribe what we think is frankly unacceptable. This may not be apparent in peaceful times, but in times of crisis and uncertainty, hard choices will have to be made. Remembering the words of Mr Lee Kuan Yew, "Whoever governs Singapore must have the iron in him." Indeed, even as a tiny red dot, we must stand up to our principles and beliefs, and we will not be pushed around. The third challenge to cohesion is change. We need to embrace change for survival. We cannot be static. We have all heard this before. But let us face it. There is a place in your heart that just warms up when you visit the same coffee shop or hawker centre that your father brought you to as a kid. You feel a sense of security and joy when you tuck into the same nasi lemak and kaya toast with soft-boiled eggs that had been made by the same folks for the past 20 years. Humans being humans, we anchor our lives to persons, places, moments and experiences that defy the imperatives of economics. These anchors define what is truly "home" to us. I will be honest: every time I see a favourite hawker retire or a coffee shop close, a little bit of a sense of "home" dies in me. Even though I can understand why he is retiring, maybe because his children have all graduated from university. Yes, change is inevitable; we either change or be changed. How we then lead Singaporeans to face and embrace change so as to stay relevant in a world of ever-shortening business and technology cycles and diminishing distances between competitors and yet keep and grow the sense of home within all of us, is a major challenge. The more shared life anchors we have, the more cohesion we have.[+6 sentences] National Service is one such example. But our life anchors often do not answer to questions of economics, even though our economics and physical well-being demand that we answer and respond to these same questions adroitly. In conclusion, the 4G leadership will have to answer these three questions with imagination, conviction and courage. How do we foster trust and cohesion between Singaporeans from different social economic classes who may lead very different lives? How do we rally Singaporeans together when the middle ground may not be so middle or grounded? How do we maintain cohesion among Singaporeans by anchoring them to Singapore as home even when we need everyone to embrace change so as to remain relevant and economically viable? As Prime Minister Lee has said, each generation has to chart its own way.[+3 sentences] Ours has just begun. With trust and cohesion as our shield and sword, we should be more than alright. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion. 6.23 pm
Mr Thomas Chua Kee Seng (Nominated Member)1087 words
(In Mandarin): Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, the focus of my speech today is: "Building a Government-business collaborative relationship in a new era that is based on mutual trust and mutual learning in order to achieve breakthroughs in transforming the economy." In outlining the Government's policy objectives, the President issued the call that the 4G leaders must boldly promote change and lead Singapore into the next development phase.[+15 sentences] The business community generally agrees with this stance and expects our country’s 4G leaders to continue consolidating the new era’s Government-business collaborative relationship which is based on mutual trust and mutual learning, and pushing for economic transformation with dynamism and resolve. In the past Singapore had succeeded many times in finding breakthroughs in economic transformation. Our first-generation founding leaders succeeded in creating Singapore’s economic miracle when Singapore struggled for survival in adverse circumstances. Their far-sightedness and precision in positioning Singapore while relying on the people's trust and support amid an extremely unfavourable environment, paid off. Ten years ago, that is, when the financial crisis erupted in 2008, the 3G leaders and the businesses confronted it together. They rolled out employment subsidy programmes and encouraged upgrading of skill to help workers keep their rice bowl, taking Singapore on a quick bound after it bottomed out amid the global economic recession. All these were acknowledged by the people. Today, Singapore is once again in an unpredictable international environment. Businesses expect 4G leaders to be both talented and virtuous and be attentive to the lives of the people while understanding the vagaries of recent industrial developments. They are expected to demonstrate courage and determination as leaders while injecting new vitality into the economic transformation. At the same time, the new era requires the creation of a new form of collaboration between the Government and businesses which will let enterprises have a greater rein in terms of initiatives in economic development. In the early years of nation-building, due to the special political and economic situations then and the constraints of domestic education, the Government exercised full control on the direction of economic development. Today, the international market is open, information flows freely and technology keeps renewing to no end. With the spread of digital technologies such as big data analysis, it is easier for enterprises to muster resources while the trends of industries are more diversified. But the risks faced are even higher. In these times and circumstances, it is not easy for the Government to understand deeply the actual situations of various industries. Therefore, to achieve a breakthrough in economic transformation not only requires courage and resolve from 4G leaders, but also the building of a new-era Government-business collaboration that is based on mutual trust and mutual learning, which will help set free the energy of the enterprises with an inclusive mindset. For example, the Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs) promoted by the Government have already got a clear industry clustering strategy framework.[+6 sentences] Next, it is necessary for the trade associations and enterprises to be more involved and in control. Going forward, the responsibilities of the Government are to clarify the directions and allow companies full play on a level playing field and promote mutual trust with enterprises in the transformation. To this end, Governments and businesses must strengthen their mutual interactions and deepen mutual understanding. To grasp the development opportunities amid rapid changes, 4G leaders must listen to the voices of businesses, pay close attention to the developments of the industries and broaden their visions so that they can formulate pro-business policies more accurately. I remember that, in the 1990s, Singapore eliminated the garment-processing industry while developing high value-added industries. Later, the garment industry continued to develop in Hong Kong as its base, bringing about a fashion design hub and a related logistics supply chain that brought high returns. This was an opportunity we missed at the time. Therefore, when a new generation of leaders is designing industrial policies and allocating resources for development, it must canvass opinions from a wide swathe in the business community and, particularly, it must understand the links between the old and new industries.[+5 sentences] For example, Singapore’s import and export trade accounts for a very high proportion of our total economic output. In the future, we can continue to explore how to leverage these existing advantages in new circumstances. The Government can keep in touch with companies through platforms, such as trade associations and chambers, to adjust policies in line with the latest trends. Mr Deputy Speaker, when companies are creating value, they are also creating jobs. If the Government wants people to live well, they must first let businesses do a good job. The Tripartite cooperative model of workers, businesses and the Government has always been an important foundation for Singapore to keep its competitive edge and overcome all difficulties in the past and in the future.[+4 sentences] To this end, I urge businesses to actively establish a new Government-business relation. They should not just make good use of Government assistance programmes to develop their businesses, but also understand more about economic policies and provide constructive suggestions to Government agencies. Today, not only are the Government leaders passing on the baton; so too are the business leaders. Besides, there are many young entrepreneurs who are making great achievements in emerging industries, such as in technology and Internet-related industries. Whether businesses are willing to cooperate with Government policies will affect the effectiveness of national economic policies, especially in this day and age when the business cycle has been greatly shortened and companies have to look much further ahead. There is a good saying: "If you want to go fast, you go alone; if you want to go far, you go in a group." In the highly versatile market, a temporary success may be due to a single seizure of opportunity, but if you want sustainable development, businesses must build up real strengths. As Minister Chan Chung Seng has said, we must upgrade from "whole-of-Government" cooperation to a "whole-of-nation" framework in line with the country's strategy to build long-term competitive strengths. To sum up, I support the Government's policy objectives and look forward to the 4G leaders coming up with a new economic growth blueprint via the new-era Government-business relationship based on mutual trust and mutual learning.[+2 sentences] Also, I look forward to the leaders grasping the dynamics of industries accurately and offering them effective help. Going forward, we are ready to build a better future for the country with the new leadership team. 6.31 pm
Mr Vikram Nair (Sembawang)1135 words
[+17 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion of Thanks. While Singapore faces many challenges in the coming years, it is good to see a clear identification of the issues we need to address and the road map for dealing with these challenges. And notwithstanding these challenges, I am also heartened that there is still an important part of Singapore's plans to secure a place for ourselves in the world. Singapore's success in the previous decade has been built upon being an open economy and staying relevant in an ever-changing world. Almost immediately after Independence, Singapore's economic plan was to engage with the world, to bring in investments, to be a platform for trading, and EDB and other institutions helped to build Singapore's economy. Singapore's security was also built having strong defence relationships with countries both near and far. These important relationships were developed because Singapore had an outward focus from the get-go. One of the growing trends that is of concern to us is growing insularity in many parts of the world. In Singapore's early years of Independence post-World War II, the global architecture was being set up. The Bretton Woods institutions, including the World Bank and the IMF had been set up in the 1940s, a few decades before our Independence. And the trend was very much to support investment and growth in the developing world. At that time, the western powers had realised that it was necessary for the whole world to prosper in order to ensure that peace would continue. In parallel with the Bretton Woods institutions, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) oversaw the liberalisation of world trade and this Agreement eventually developed into the World Trade Organization. Together, these institutions have brought down trade barriers in many countries, including Singapore, which have benefited and grown. These institutions were also complemented by regional organisations that are focused on bringing down internal barriers and facilitating trade. The bigger alliances included ASEAN in our region, the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in America, and, the most comprehensive integration, which was the European Union (EU). The President's Address highlighted important events that seemed to suggest a global shift from this trend and I will elaborate on some of these. The US was once a champion of free trade but, following the last election, has started pulling back from some of these treaties, including the TPP and now the Iran Nuclear Deal, and even NAFTA appears to be under reconsideration. The EU had been considerably expanding both its membership and its areas of coverage, but Brexit – or the British voting to leave EU has marked an important swing away from this trend.[+2 sentences] This is unprecedented in EU history and, although the EU looks like it will survive Brexit, it is clear that the concerns that triggered the British decision to leave were also resonating in other parts of Europe. I expect these challenges will continue. Even as developed countries appear to be becoming more inward-looking, China has taken a different approach.[+1 sentence] It has reiterated its intentions to become a world player. Its Belt and Road initiatives are being rolled out, providing large amounts of capital to developing countries, both near and far.[+5 sentences] At the time of the President's Address, the Malaysian elections had not yet taken place. I am sure, if it had, she would have highlighted this as an important development as well, given that our relationship with Malaysia is one of our most important bilateral relationships. My heartiest congratulations to Prime Minister Mahathir, who has prevailed against all odds and is set to be Prime Minister again. Singapore is a small country with no control over what happens in other countries and changes in other countries take place at paces that they dictate. While other countries may change their minds on how far they wish to engage, I think Singapore still needs to find a way to stay relevant. In this regard, another thing that happened last week – which was a pleasant surprise to many of us and a huge honour for Singapore is that Singapore was picked as the venue for the historic meeting between President Trump and President Kim, a move that may spark a thaw in what is probably one of the last legacies of the Cold War.[+8 sentences] I think even as countries change and governments' outlooks in the world change, what has helped Singapore and certainly with the generations of leaders so far is a way to stay relevant in this ever-changing world. This is built largely on relationships that have been developed over the generations. In relation to Malaysia, I think Prime Minister Lee was one of the first to congratulate Prime Minister Mahathir on his appointment as Prime Minister. I think it was important to reiterate that many of the projects that have been developed are in both countries' interests to pursue. One of Singapore's greatest assets has been the strong standing of our leaders and the many relationships that have been built up over the years. Even as countries appear to lean away from multi-nationalism, I think it is the strong standing of our leaders and the reputation of Singapore, the diligence of the many people in our Foreign Service and our trade representatives who have helped us get a listening ear from the senior leaderships in other countries. I think it is important for us to continue to build these relationships and for the next generation to also continue to nurture them. Our position as ASEAN Chair in the coming two years is a golden opportunity. If ASEAN countries can come together more strongly, this may set a positive example for other regions. I understand that our objectives include committing to a rules-based regional order and to tackle issues, such as cybersecurity, transnational crime and terrorism. If we can get important achievements in these, it will be a signal to the rest of the world that multilateralism is still relevant and still important. If we can get further economic integration, that will also be an important achievement. I think the best way to sell the message that multilateralism is still an important part of our world is to show that we can thrive through multilateralism.[+1 sentence] Even as Singapore's 4G leadership comes to the fore, I certainly hope that the previous generation of leaders will stay around to nurture relationships and to help guide and lend a helping hand, where possible, because human relationships are very important. If someone else comes on board, I think it will be necessary for them to learn as well. So, in the face of countries getting increasingly more insular, I certainly hope that Singapore and Singapore's leaders will continue to prevail as a voice for multilateralism and integration in this world.
Estimates Committee›Announcement by Speaker1 turns · 66w
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speaker-24
Mr Speaker66 words
[+5 sentences]Order. I wish to inform hon Members that under the provisions of Standing Order No 102, I have nominated Dr Chia Shi-Lu and Mr Alex Yam to be Members of the Estimates Committee, in place of Mr Zaqy Mohamad and Dr Tan Wu Meng respectively. The nominations take effect from 9 May 2018. Order. The Clerk will now proceed to read the Orders of the Day.
[+2 sentences]. (proc text)] [(proc text) 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which she delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the Second Session of this Parliament.'." – (proc text)]
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Sitoh Yih Pin.
Mr Sitoh Yih Pin (Potong Pasir)1308 words
[+38 sentences]Mr Speaker, the President’s Address for the Second Session of the 13th Parliament comes three years after our SG50 year in 2015. Mdm President hits the nail on its head when she pointed out in her Address that the key question now confronting the fourth generation (4G) leadership team is “What is next for Singapore?” An issue that has arisen and garnered keen interest amongst Singaporeans is the widening class divide and income inequality in Singapore. This issue was brought to the fore by the Institute of Policy Studies’ (IPS') Study on Social Capital in Singapore. It was subsequently raised by several hon Members of this House during the Budget Debate earlier this year. There has also been much discussion in academia, the media and online platforms amongst all segments of Singaporeans. So, why the keen interest? Because this issue resonates with Singaporeans. It does because it cuts to the heart of the foundational values of our social compact; values, such as meritocracy, equal opportunities and self-reliance. It makes us sit up and question these values, their relevance in the context of modern-day Singapore and whether they have become the metaphorical “sacred cows” that are impossible to slaughter. I disagree, however, with detractors who recklessly attribute the widening inequality as a consequence of our existing policies. This is unfair. Public policies are made within the context of its time and it is not reasonable to suggest that our existing policies have not served us well. Singapore, as a country, and Singaporeans as a citizenry, have come a long way since 1965 and our policies over the years, implemented by our Founding, second and third generation leaders, contributed significantly to our success. Sir, change is important. To not change is to not improve. But change must be for a purpose, especially if it is to a policy or system that has served us well. I remember not too long ago, a Parliamentary colleague brought up the possibility of abolishing the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE). It was debated. Good valid arguments were made for and against. I did not speak then. But I managed to speak to many parents of primary school children after, and their views were mixed. Some felt changes should be made, but most were not in favour of abolishing the PSLE completely. And yet, as the prevailing view that the PSLE is a high stakes exam that has serious ramifications on our young students’ future remain, the problems of stress on our young students and anxious parents will continue. But not all possible solutions require the slaughter of a “sacred cow”. Pilot projects that consider alternative models can be explored. There must be a careful calibration of what requires “tweaks” and what should be “boldly” changed. As Singapore grows and evolves, her context changes. New issues, such as widening inequality, have arisen. The more important question now is therefore, not an inquest into fault, but about what needs to be done moving forward. Can the next generation leadership team exercise political leadership to “tweak” or “boldly” slaughter any “sacred cows” where necessary? One argument against “doing more” to deal with widening inequality lies in the fundamental principle of one of our foundational values – meritocracy. Inherent within the concept of meritocracy is the ideal that if an individual works hard enough, is determined enough and possesses the ability to succeed, he or she will. This has worked well for Singapore for two to three generations where many Singaporean families have bettered themselves, through education, hard work, grit and determination. The argument on the other end of the spectrum, however, is that meritocracy works well, if the gap between the "haves" and the "have nots" is closer. This was, indeed, the case during the days of our parents and grandparents. Now, income inequality is wider. The gap in resources available to families with higher income and those with lower income is stark. One of the areas where the Government has targeted is in the preschool arena. KidSTART is a pilot programme that aims to narrow the inequality gap of young children from disadvantaged, less privileged backgrounds.[+5 sentences] In Singapore, formal education begins at Primary 1. Students of different backgrounds, where the perceived “difference” – and I say "difference" in inverted commas – in ability between students, such as the ability to read, write or count, could stem from the environment of their homes and the resources of their parents instead of their true inherent abilities. And when these students are streamed and valued in our education system, sometimes quite early on in their formal education, they may then be denied the opportunity to succeed as they may, if the playing field was more level to begin with. However, we all appreciate that the issue of widening inequality in Singapore is decidedly more complex and requires much more attention than just the preschool arena. Sir, I am, therefore, heartened that our 4G leadership team had included an emphatic statement in the President’s Address on how the Government intends to tackle inequality. I think it bears repeating and I shall do so briefly.[+2 sentences] Sir, I quote: “We must tackle inequality vigorously. We need to provide the right additional support to those needing it – in housing, education, skills training and employment – so that meritocracy works well. Only then can everyone do well through hard work, talent and skills, regardless of their backgrounds.” Mr Speaker, Sir, I see this as a bold shift in the policy stance of the Government. It is a promise, not only to create opportunities for Singaporeans to succeed, but a commitment to provide the “right additional support” to those who need it.[+5 sentences] It is an acknowledgement that there are Singaporeans amongst us, especially the children, who are placed at a disadvantaged starting point, because of the widening inequality and the rigours of our system. I await with anticipation the action plans that will bring this promise to fruition. Sir, the importance of addressing the issue of widening inequality cannot be emphasised enough. Because deep within our social compact is a belief, a belief that, as a community, regardless of race, language or religion, we will always improve our lives together. The delta of improvement may differ, as a meritocracy mandates, but we move forward as one. Once any number of Singaporeans loses this belief, social stratification will occur and our social compact will be broken. We cannot and must not allow Singaporeans to have a sense of resignation about their station of life or, worse, that of their children.[+3 sentences] It is the desire of every parent to see their children better themselves and lead fulfilling lives. Similarly, every generation of young Singaporeans growing up have their own set of dreams and aspirations. Their goals may differ, but the result that is hoped for is always the same – to improve themselves and achieve what they set out to do. As such, all Singaporeans, regardless of background, must believe, deep in their hearts, that they or their children have an equal opportunity to improve their lives and achieve their goals. So, while the task of “tweaks” or “bold” changes to policies or mechanisms put in place to address inequality is crucial, of equal importance is the need to imbue and inspire the belief amongst Singaporeans that all Singaporeans, regardless of backgrounds, have an equal chance of achieving their dreams and aspirations.[+1 sentence] Mdm President is right when she says that the 4G leadership team has a tough road ahead of them. The right to lead has to be earned, trust and bonds have to be forged. But this is not the first transition of a new generation of Government leaders and I am fully confident that they will meet the challenges as well as, if not better, than previous generations have.[+1 sentence] Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker6 words
[+1 sentence]Dr Tan Wu Meng. 1.40 pm
Dr Tan Wu Meng (Jurong)1598 words
[+13 sentences]Mr Speaker, thank you for the opportunity to join in this debate. I stand in support of the Motion. In this House yesterday and today, we have seen wide agreement across the Members that inequality is one of the great challenges of our modern era not just in Singapore, but also across many nations, many societies around the world. Much of the discussion in Singapore and around the world as well has been about redistribution, about redistributing resources, opportunities and so on. But there is also a deeper theme, which is that of social cohesion, whether fellow citizens, whether fellow Singaporeans see one another as brothers and sisters with a common destiny. Because if you do not see your neighbour as your brother or sister, then the question of whether you are your brother’s keeper or sister's keeper does not even arise. That is why our policies to maintain social cohesion, that sense of friendship and fellowship with each generation must continue, and must continue being deepened and reforged. But, Mr Speaker, is it enough just to have redistribution and social cohesion? Both are important; very, very important. But are they enough to sustain a fair and just society into the future, not just for one term of government or one generation, but for generations to come? Mr Speaker, today, I want to raise the idea that to sustain a fairer and more equal society, to help our workers and families keep pace with the cost of living as the world changes around us, there must also be economic growth. Quality growth. Quality growth, so our people can rise and live better with each generation. Because growth, combined with reinvestment in our people and our communities, can be a very powerful force, a force against inequality.[+2 sentences] Mr Speaker, imagine a slow economy. Some countries around the world are facing that. A slow economy favours old money: those who already own capital; those who already own land; those who can charge rents without labour or innovation; those who build a rentier society without value creation.[+2 sentences] Sir, Singapore must never become a society where there is only old wealth, without new enterprise. There has to be growth, good quality growth. Quality growth rebalances an economy, so that the rates of return on capital can be matched or surpassed by the rate of return on work, whether it is deeply skilled work, the work that an artisan does with his hands through years of experience and knowledge; the deeply-skilled work that a specialised nurse brings to caring for patients and supporting caregivers.[+16 sentences] It is the knowledge work by experts with deep learning and interdisciplinary skills. I am told today that there are lawyers learning blockchain and studying how it will transform ledgers and transactions. Two very different disciplines; yet, coming together to create new domains of knowledge work. Innovation works as ideas are generated and implemented. Makers making the future, often in scenarios where buzzwords become the factories of tomorrow. Advanced manufacturing, where robotics, 3D printing and additive manufacturing combine with the Internet of Things. Factories which might have seemed like something out of science fiction a decade ago, but which are rapidly becoming reality. Entrepreneurship work, the work that young Singaporeans go about when starting a business, building those skills, creating opportunities to rise together with co-workers and employees. Sir, growth can be a force for young Singaporeans to rise and do well. We also continue to learn from the experiences of other countries. The role of government and businesses working together; how working together can be reinvestment to regenerate shared resources and grow the shared common space and common resources that all can benefit from. Mr Speaker, I spoke on this previously, in the 2016 Budget Debate. If I may tell the story again in a slightly different way. Earlier this decade, there was a Harvard study by Michael Porter. They looked at many United States (US) businesses, and the Harvard study suggested that some US businesses could invest more, that they were not investing enough, according to the Harvard Group; not enough investment in workers' skills, not enough development of supply chain networks, not enough regeneration of infrastructure. Even though investment would have helped all companies do better, it did not always make short-term business sense for individual companies. Clayton Christensen calls it “The Capitalist’s Dilemma" – when short-term considerations run up against long-term issues in the business. But Mr Speaker, in Singapore, with the support of fellow Singaporeans, the Government, businesses and workers can come together and reinvest and regenerate, for example, investing in workers and shared skills, because it helps workers and helps businesses. The ongoing tripartite effort by our brothers and sisters in the Labour Movement to upgrade workers' skills is reinvestment in our human captial, reinvestment in our workforce.[+10 sentences] And we must continue encouraging companies to invest in skills upgrading because this uplifts the worker and uplifts other companies in the sector as well. It must continue to be part of a deepening culture and social compact between our employers and workers. Likewise, helping our fellow Singaporeans to go regional to find new opportunities is part of this, too. Mr Speaker, Sir, there is also investment in shared infrastructure and shared knowledge – another lesson we can learn from other economies around the world. Economists like Mariana Mazzucato have written about this. She pointed out the example of the iPhone, how it is built, not just on private enterprise, but on many innovations originally funded by the US government. For example, the Internet, once upon a time, started out as a project funded by the American defence establishment. But today, it is part of the innovation commons that powers so much on innovation and entrepreneurship in the US. Touchscreen technology was initially developed at the University of Delaware, with partial public funding. Closer to home, Mr Speaker, if I may talk about food, because food is a great passion for all of us in this House and fellow Singaporeans at large. Enterprise Singapore, one of our agencies, is leading FoodInnovate, a multi-agency programme, and the theme of shared infrastructure comes through again, for example, if you imagine some equipment items, like a high-pressure processing resource (HPPR).[+8 sentences] Basically, it is a machine that involves many precision parts which would require a large capital outlay. It may not be so easy for a small business to buy one. Not every business can afford to buy one. But when agencies establish a shared resource, many companies benefit, including the smaller small and medium enterprises (SMEs). And this helps level the playing field and create opportunity. Mr Speaker, sharing experiences and knowledge is also part of that reinvestment and regeneration, for example, overseas market workshops that help our local Singaporeans learn more about going overseas and exploring new markets. We have seen programmes, such as those on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), or on Consumerism for Indonesia. We see programmes investing in our workers and mid-career professionals as well. For example, Enterprise Singapore and Workforce Singapore have teamed up to help mid-career professionals develop skillsets for regional jobs in the Wholesale Trade and Logistics Sector. The programme is called the Professional Conversion Programme for Southeast Asia, but the key message is that there are ongoing reinvestment and regeneration.[+3 sentences] Sir, our trade associations and chambers (TACs) have an important role in this journey as well. Many of us would have heard stories of veteran entrepreneurs sharing their knowledge, sharing their own social capital and networks to mentor younger peers and younger entrants in the SME sector. Mr Speaker, it bears repeating that quality growth is good for workers, good for businesses and good for society. It is one key way in which we can continue fighting inequality.[+2 sentences] Sir, growth also can help our fellow Singaporeans with the cost of living. Singapore is small. We are price takers when the trade system around the world undergoes changes, when oil prices go up and down, when the price of goods shifts.[+2 sentences] We cannot change those global prices. We are price takers. But when we invest in our people and continue investing, when we uplift and empower our workers, we build towards better jobs, better prospects and better capability to cope with that cost of living.[+14 sentences] And so, quality growth, Sir, is very much part of the mission of all our economic agencies and our businesses, creating opportunities for young Singaporeans of all backgrounds. Opportunities to rise, whether you start in a multinational corporation (MNC) or whether you start an SME yourself. An SME that may start small but, someday, grow big, maybe even become a unicorn. And being able to do that, whether you are born in a private property or in a rental flat. Opportunities to grow through picking up skills and experiences, either from your peers or through partnerships between trade associations and agencies. Opportunities to grow and learn, no matter what background you come from. Opportunities to take flight, to learn management and leadership, to get overseas work exposure to develop your potential, regardless of whether your parents have pre-existing wealth or entrepreneurship networks. We have to keep those opportunities coming to fellow Singaporeans, so that our younger generation can continue to rise and grow. Mr Speaker, we are small, but we can. And we must be brave and we must be bold. Brave enough to face the future. Bold enough to overcome. And so long as we pull together, strive together, brave and bold, I know we will survive. And I know we will thrive.
Mr Speaker5 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Faisal Manap. 1.54 pm
Mr Muhamad Faisal Bin Abdul Manap (Aljunied)1536 words
[+21 sentences]Sir, I will deliver my speech in Malay. (In Malay): : Mr Speaker, like other Members, I would like to record my thanks to President Halimah Yacob for her Address. The things that the President mentioned should certainly be adopted as a guide and direction for national leaders, especially the 4G leaders, to propel the country towards further success; the kind of success that can be attained and enjoyed by every Singaporean, regardless of race, religion or background, especially those who are less fortunate and the needy. I would like to touch on a piece of sound advice from President Halimah about the need to be bold when undertaking measures to bring our nation to a higher level in every aspect. Sir, Mdm Halimah, in her speech, commented that in this era, we are facing an uncertain and evolving situation, whether externally or within the country. She also said we must have bold thinking and make bold changes that are exceptional, when facing a situation where changes can take place rapidly and sometimes in the blink of an eye. She called on the leaders, especially the 4G leaders, to sustain and strengthen everything that has been implemented and achieved by previous leaders but, at the same time, also produce new and fresh ideas while navigating a future that is different and distinct. I wholeheartedly agree with and support President Halimah's call on the importance of having bold thinking and making bold changes, that is, doing something exceptional so that we can enhance Singapore's standing and relevance internationally and, at the same time, enhance the benefits to every Singaporean because our people are the heartbeat and backbone of the nation. These two matters are equally important and are closely linked to each other. However, I am of the view that the well-being of Singaporeans must be given priority because a society's well-being is the factor that determines the level of motivation and innovation of that society. A motivated and innovative society can produce a strong and progressive nation. Therefore, it is important that not only the leaders, but also Singaporeans collectively, must have bold thinking and undertake bold measures in our journey and efforts to achieve our shared aspirations, which are to build a democratic society, based on justice and equality and, therefore, achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our nation. Sir, we are halfway through our journey in this term of the 13th Parliament. It would be good if every Member in this House, including myself, especially myself, to do some introspection or self-reflection before we continue our journey. This is so that we are all clearer and more aware, as custodians of the people's voice, about the necessary measures to be taken for the good of the nation and Singaporeans. In this introspection or self-reflection, I would focus on President Halimah's advice about the need to have bold thinking and undertake bold measures or doing something exceptional when the situation calls for it. And in the process of self-reflection, some of the questions that we can ask ourselves as lawmakers are: first, have we managed to think and act boldly at this time when making changes to national policies in order to fulfill the basic needs and for the well-being of the nation and Singaporeans? Second, are there policies that need to be improved or changed, that is, policies that brought about undesirable implications that affect the well-being of Singaporeans? If so, what are the steps that should be taken? Sir, to facilitate this introspection, I would share two issues that I previously highlighted in this Chamber. I would like to invite all of us, Members of this House, to analyse whether we need to take bolder steps so that we can bring about more benefits, more well-being for each and every Singaporean. The first is the Certificate of Entitlement (COE) for motorcycles. I have repeatedly highlighted this issue and made several suggestions so that motorcycle owners, especially those from the low-income group who need motorcycles as a source of income, would not need to bear this burden and be able to continue to afford a motorcycle. Regarding this issue, why has the Ministry not taken a bolder step to regulate and improve the situation for the benefit of the low-income who have been burdened and affected by excessive COE prices?[+6 sentences] In short, regarding the issue of motorcycle COEs, I proposed measures that should be taken so that the low-income are not burdened and can carry on surviving and continue to be self-reliant. However, the Ministry's response is that they are also very concerned about the financial hardship faced by the low-income who are affected and burdened by the motorcycle COE prices and urged that these groups visit the Social Service Office (SSO) to get financial help. Sir, in this matter, I do not quite agree with the Ministry's approach which advises the low-income group affected by high COE prices to seek financial assistance to reduce their financial burden. Sir, are we not, as Singaporeans, asked to be self-reliant? Are we not, as a society, also asked not to adopt a crutch mentality or be dependent on financial assistance? On this issue, we can see how the Ministry is not quite bold in making changes to the COE policy for motorcycles and, in fact, has adopted an approach that is rather contradictory to the principles that we have promoted, which is to be self-reliant and not to have a crutch mentality, by urging that those whose income are affected by high motorcycle COE prices to seek help from SSO. The second example is about housing for single parents, especially unmarried single mothers.[+2 sentences] This issue has been touched on by many Members, current and past. The Government must take bold measures to manage the problems that have burdened single parents in our society. Although some incremental changes have been made, they do not have any great impact or benefits to this group. There are still many more single parents who are still burdened by the difficulties of getting a roof over their head and their children’s heads, due to the Housing and Development Board's (HDB's) rather stringent public housing policies.[+6 sentences] The question is whether the current public housing policies have brought benefits for single parents and their families. The answer is quite clear. No! This is why changes must be made for these single parents, so that they can enjoy the benefits for themselves and their families. Sir, in addition to undertaking bold measures in policymaking and making changes to national policies, I would also like to touch on democratic values, especially on the right to give views via the Parliamentary platform. I would like to urge the Government, especially the 4G leaders, to be bolder in being more open and encouraging the discussion of sensitive issues in this Chamber. We can think back to a debate where I was not allowed to voice out an issue in this Chamber that was deemed to be sensitive. As we all know, the sensitive issue that I raised has also been highlighted by several Members from the ruling party, but they were not subjected to the same reaction. I asked that our leaders do not practise double standards where only Members from the ruling party are allowed to voice out sensitive issues, whereas if the same issues are highlighted by non-ruling party members, it is deemed unacceptable and inappropriate.[+2 sentences] We need to be more open in order to achieve a democratic society based on justice and equality. Sir, in summary and in conclusion, the gist of my speech is that, as leaders and policymakers who are tasked with the duty to lead Singaporeans in achieving our shared aspirations, they should be bold in their thinking and actions when implementing the process of policymaking and making changes to national policies. Existing policies that have become obstacles, problematic or contradict efforts to achieve the people's aspirations should be revamped, improved or even abolished if necessary.[+5 sentences] Secondly, the Government must be open and not engage in double standards in the discussion of national policies, especially sensitive issues, in order to achieve a democratic nation based on justice and equality. Sir, I would like to reiterate what I said at the beginning of my speech, that is, achieving the aspirations of Singaporeans requires a collective effort. Perhaps we can learn from Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad and the Malaysian people who have demonstrated an exceptionally bold spirit for the good of their country. Here, I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad on his appointment as the seventh Prime Minister of Malaysia recently. Sir, on a final note, everyone, both the leaders and the ones being led, must collaborate and work hand in hand based on the principles and values of democracy. Constructive discussions, being bold enough to give comments and voicing out sensitive issues via the correct and proper channels, are positive practices in a nation that adopts a system of democracy based on justice and equality.[+1 sentence] These practices are necessary and very crucial in the process of making and changing national policies, so that we, Singaporeans, can achieve Happiness, Prosperity and Progress.
Mr Speaker6 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Tin Pei Ling. 2.06 pm
Ms Tin Pei Ling (MacPherson)2404 words
[+23 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. In the President’s speech, she highlighted what our nation has done well so far, outlined the challenges that we face and clearly set out the priorities that this Government has to focus on doing. I agree fully with the priorities set out and would add that this Government and this House must continue to take bold steps in creating a new world of opportunities for Singaporeans and continue to invest in our people so that this and future generations of Singaporeans will continue to thrive together. First, in terms of bold steps for a new world of opportunities. In our 53 years of nationhood, Singapore has undergone several transformations that demanded bold vision in our leaders and courage in our Government and people to trot uncharted paths. We took risks, forged ahead and developed successfully from Third World to First. Here we are, once again, in the midst of yet another transformation, as we embrace a digital economy. We need to embrace the digital economy for Singapore’s long-term good. Many countries around the world have been profoundly impacted by the advent of the digital economy. The way we organise our society, the way business is conducted, and the way people transact and interact with one another are all changing. As technology disrupts the world, Singapore must find a niche for ourselves to stay relevant and continue to be of service to the world. Past successes do not confer us any advantage, and we must not be unnecessarily burdened by legacy achievements. We must move fast, seize new opportunities and entrench the advantages gained before others do. In doing so, the Government has a critical role to play in creating a conducive environment, building a supportive ecosystem, and nurturing strong public-private partnerships so that social good will guide the innovative private sector. I commend the Government for forging ahead in our Smart Nation project. There is interdependence between a smart nation and a digital economy; they reinforce each other. However, there are still areas that are not progressing as fast as it could and should. One example is e-payment, which received several national mention and much attention. Several commentators have noted how fast China has transformed its payment landscape to do away with cash, especially if one considers paper-form money was invented in China in the seventh century. But of course, China and Singapore are in different circumstances. For the Chinese, cashless payments may be more reliable and more secure. China also has a different regulatory and business environment that catalyses innovations much faster. In Singapore, the use of cash is deeply entrenched. KPMG reported that 60% of consumers and businesses in Singapore use cash for non-stored-value-facilities payments, whilst Paypal found 43% of Singaporeans cited cash as their most frequent or most preferred mode of payment.[+10 sentences] Clearly, cash is king here. There are a few reasons for this. Firstly, our currency is of high quality and hard to forge. Secondly, our crime rate is low; people have no qualms carrying sizeable amounts of cash around. Thirdly, while technology can fail, cash never fails. Hence, to substitute cash and change habits, we will need a cashless solution that is superior to cash in the user’s experience. We are not there yet. A personal encounter may be helpful in illustrating my point. Once, I visited a hawker stall to purchase a cup of tau huay chui or soya drink. I asked to pay via quick response (QR) code since I have PayLah installed on my phone. Aunty asked me to pay in cash because she has to switch on a machine, which she hid in a drawer, to confirm receipt of my money after I scan the QR code.[+1 sentence] I was curious and asked her why. [restates an earlier point]I said that based on my understanding, the Network for Electronic Transfers (NETS) provides the machine for free and charges no transaction fee for at least three years. It is free for hawkers and consumers and there is a one-time cash incentive six months after the hawker installs the equipment, so why not try it?[+4 sentences] But to her, it is simply inconvenient, consumes electricity and, whilst there is no direct financial cost to her, there is not much of an incentive for her to actively use it as well. Moreover, cash is a great medium of exchange, which she is used to and has never failed her. Adoption goes beyond having good technical solutions, though in this case, it would help if Aunty can verify the payment on her mobile phone rather than use a separate machine. It is also about outreach and promotion, perhaps even consolidation, to avoid confusing consumers with too many options. Apart from NETS, Alipay, WeChat Pay, PayLah and even FavePay, a local private provider, are able to offer QR code payment in Singapore.[+3 sentences] Hence, one wonders why e-payment is still not taking off. Is it because our market is too small but players too aplenty, resulting in a highly fragmented market? Or is it because the incentives are too little to lure consumers and merchants away from cash? The Government will need to play a key role to shepherd this and the overall transformation that Singapore is currently undergoing and, if need be, dictate certain technical parameters and solutions.[+8 sentences] We must also not be locked into legacy systems and legacy corporations. Otherwise, it will be extremely difficult for e-payment or any type of transformation to take off in Singapore. We have to use the solution that offers the best user experience if we are to hope to lure consumers and merchants away from cash. We will need to push hard, take bold steps and be ready for disruptions to existing players. Next, we need to invest in our people to move ahead together. We need to do more to prepare our people for a digital economy. It is useless to "chiong" towards digital economy if our people are not ready for it. We must make sure that our people are able to benefit from this transformation and not be left behind. We must not inadvertently create a new inequality or widen the existing gap between those who can access and exploit the new digital technologies and those who cannot. We need to help our students embrace science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and develop a certain level of appreciation in technology possibilities, even if they do not eventually major in such subjects.[+4 sentences] Currently, we have a strong curriculum in mathematics and science from primary to pre-university level. This must be preserved even while we adapt the pedagogy to suit the needs of different learners at each level. We must equip even those students who may not have the aptitude for these subjects with a reasonable foundation, to prepare them for future job opportunities. And for those who can stretch a little more, supplement their science and mathematics learning with coding skills, as part of building the STEM foundation. Coding is fundamental in understanding and designing technology, critical to jobs in a digital economy.[+2 sentences] Many countries have introduced coding lessons to their curricula. Examples include Israel, New Zealand, Australia, Denmark and some German states. Singapore will do well to do the same.[+24 sentences] Our workforce needs to have ready access to courses and training opportunities with constantly refreshed curriculum. SkillsFuture must continue to be an important upgrading asset for workers, along apprenticeship and practical work opportunities. We also need to pay attention to helping women to achieve their fullest potential. Digital fluency not only opens up new career opportunities for women in the digital age but also enables women to exploit smart solutions that help to create capacity and options. With the right smart solutions, women and men can remotely manage situations and monitor their young and old at home while they are at work. Smart solutions can allow women to work productively and respond efficiently even if they have to be away from their offices, thereby enabling flexible work. Digital platforms can allow women to exchange useful information and create job opportunities. E-commerce platforms, for example, can help stay-at-home caregivers monetise their skills or overcome resource constraints in starting their businesses and, in the process, maintain financial independence, stay plugged in while continuing to care for their loved ones. Women can also make use of these platforms to raise funds, find mentors and network with other women entrepreneurs. We need to help our elderly to be digitally ready. Whilst future generations of elderly will be better educated and tech-savvy, we must not neglect our current generation of seniors. We need Smart Seniors for a Smart Nation. We need to harness technology to supplement our shortage of eldercare manpower and help more seniors live independently in the comfort of their own homes and community. We need to harness technology to help them stay connected to news and information, to support networks, to friends and families. To do all these, it is important to ensure that they are digitally ready. Digital readiness is the very first step and a critical enabler for our elderly to fully exploit the benefits of technology. Finally, Smart Communities. Engendering a smart nation need not only be the responsibility of the Government or big enterprises. Local communities can also contribute since we know local needs and gaps best. We should allow innovative ideas, which may be simple ideas with simple benefits, to flourish. These help to create a conducive environment, familiarity and a positive attitude in the community towards digital solutions. In MacPherson, we have quite a few ideas that can help the elderly and families. But to do so costs money which we, as local grassroots, can ill-afford. Current Government funding schemes do not cover digital project, at least not yet. In MacPherson, we are now developing a platform to pull together different digital solutions aimed at connecting our elderly, especially those who are financially, physically and socially more vulnerable, connecting them to community information, resources and services, such as Friendly Neighbourhood General Practitioner (GP), connecting to existing and new support networks, such as befrienders and volunteers-on-demand – just think of "Uberisation" of volunteerism to meet ad hoc needs.[+3 sentences] We also have aspirations to expand it to “game-fy” daily tasks to encourage active living and also enable predictive analyses of their overall well-being so that appropriate medical or social interventions can be introduced. We had to raise funds and could only raise enough to do a watered-down version of what we had in mind. We used the limited resources to build a minimum viable product. If successful and, if we are to take it further or scale it up, we will need more resources. Therefore, it would be most useful if the Government can set aside some funding and support to help enthusiastic communities like ours.[+8 sentences] Speaker, Sir, allow me to continue in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): Mr Speaker, Sir, digital economy is the future trend. It has given us numerous opportunities. The emergence of digital technology has brought about earth-shattering changes to modern lives. Various mobile apps have greatly reduced the time spent on daily tasks. With the prevalence of smart phones, high-speed Internet, big data and artificial intelligence (AI), the digital economy has disrupted the old way of life and doing business. Many countries in the world are promoting the development of digital economy so as to bring convenience to their people. As an international financial centre and information hub, Singapore cannot neglect this trend. Digital economy is one of the most important elements in our future economy and the Government is actively promoting the development and coverage of the digital economy. According to the 2017 Digital Evolution Index Report, Singapore is the fastest country in terms of digital adoption in the Asia Pacific with significant outcomes in promoting digitalisation and Internet penetration.[+6 sentences] In order to ensure that all our citizens can share in the benefits of digital economy, we have to make sure that all can board this express train and be connected to this mega trend. In terms of technology and innovation, Singapore is ahead of many countries and holds first-mover advantage. With the popularisation of smart phones, people can access the latest shopping and transport information and be connected to many resources and services through mobile apps. With the touch of a finger, we can order food and buy things online and have them delivered to our doorstep. With these apps, family members can monitor the health conditions of their elders and ensure their safety. Therefore, technology, when properly harnessed, can bring about many benefits to the country’s economy and people’s lives. The Government has to ensure that everyone, regardless of their background and age, is ready for the digital future and shares the fruit of the digital economy and Smart Nation. We must make sure that a digital future will not create new inequalities and new wealth gaps inadvertently.[+9 sentences] In particular, we need to pay attention to our elders. Many of them are trying to catch up with the pace of digital economy, but many are hesitant towards learning these new technologies. The Government must do more to create a more pro-elderly learning environment. We should use pro-elderly designs to encourage them to seize these opportunities and master digital skills, so that they will not be left behind in a rapidly changing society. Regions around us are quickly catching up in developing the digital economy, in terms of e-commerce and universal digitalisation. We must continue to innovate to keep up with the times. (In English): This next transformation will not be an easy journey. It has to be a national effort, not just the work of the Government. It will require all Singaporeans to contribute actively with their ideas and efforts. We will need dreamers who do not just want to become successful professionals in traditional jobs, but imagine a new world of exciting possibilities and are prepared to work hard to create this new world. This next transformation into a Smart Nation with a vibrant digital economy has to be a national priority.[+2 sentences] Whether we are able to do so successfully and quickly is, therefore, a matter of public interest affecting our economy and businesses, the lives of Singaporeans, as well as our international reputation. Therefore, I urge all Singaporeans to work together, to make sure that this national effort succeeds.
Mr Speaker6 words
[+1 sentence]Minister Ng Chee Meng. 2.22 pm
The Minister, Prime Minister's Office (Mr Ng Chee Meng)2353 words
[+10 sentences]Mr Speaker, I stand in support of the Motion. We are all well aware that the world is undergoing unprecedented rapid technological changes. No country or market is spared. The fast pace of change is having a major impact on how we work and earn a living. For Singapore to be competitive in this new arena, we need to be hungry. Businesses will need to transform, our towkays will need to change their mindsets, and our workers will need to be eager to learn, to upskill and continually upgrade. These critical strategies have been mentioned numerous times, but we are not acting on it fast enough. We need to improve our workers’ productivity and employability skills. Companies and workers must embark on this transformation journey now. The Labour Movement will push the transformation agenda by working even closer with the Government and businesses, and this is how the Labour Movement will be here to assist. The tripartite partners have collaborated extensively on the Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs) for the 23 sectors.[+6 sentences] We are now into operationalising these maps. The Labour Movement will fully support employers in the transformation of their businesses because it will ultimately benefit our workers. Businesses will have to play a leadership role by leveraging technologies to transform their businesses. Our workers must support businesses by working smarter and becoming more productive. The Labour Movement will support workers who are willing to improve and upskill. Currently, we have high employment and our workers have enjoyed real income growth over the years. In fact, the median income has risen almost 22% in the last five years.[+37 sentences] So, when businesses do well, our workers will benefit, have better wages and higher quality of living. But in this short time that I have joined the Labour Movement, there are concerns on the ground. And I would now like to touch on some of these concerns. Workers are worried about making ends meet. There are worries about buying a home, their retirement savings, healthcare costs and having enough for their children’s education. They sometimes feel that no matter how hard they work, these needs may not always be adequately addressed. These concerns are all about the rising cost of living. In a conversation I had with a very close relative, he pointed out to me that coffee prices have been increasing and are set to increase again. He said that while the price increase may only be 10 cents, the number of increases has been too often and these expenses have added up over time. Union leaders on the ground often share similar concerns as well. They are on the shop floor and daily expenses are always on the radar screen of our workers. Many older Singaporeans are worried about rising healthcare costs. The Government has introduced numerous policies like the 3M framework of MediSave, MediShield Life and MediFund to assist Singaporeans in their healthcare needs. Nevertheless, Singaporeans still have concerns and I can understand their anxieties. For our workers, retirement adequacy is another anxiety. They are worried that their Central Provident Fund (CPF) savings will not be enough for them to enjoy the quality of life they seek once they stop working. More crucially, if they lose their jobs unexpectedly before retirement, will they have enough savings? Can they be assured that if they work hard, save and contribute to their CPF savings, their basic needs of housing, children’s education, healthcare and retirement will continue to be taken care of? Singaporeans now have longer life expectancy and the issue of retirement adequacy will become more and more pressing. Your concerns are our concerns as well. It is reasonable for Singaporeans who are working hard to have such concerns. So, how do we address them? How do we ensure we uphold the principles of meritocracy and equality that have brought Singapore to where we are today? The Labour Movement believes that the best way to improve the lives of our workers is gainful employment, in good jobs and good wages. We need employers to maintain a nimble mindset and workers to help themselves by upgrading their work skills. Both employees and employers must stay relevant in the evolving business environment. This is the best solution because wages can only increase with productivity gains. Real wage increase is necessary to keep up with inflation to cope with the cost of living. Weishen Industrial Services, a cleaning company, is an example. The company embarked on the Inclusive Growth Programme and was able to exploit driverless ecobot technology. The employers deployed this new technology and were able to redeploy their employees to higher value roles with corresponding higher pay. The company became profitable and more productive. A good win-win outcome resulted. But I know workers on the ground have experienced growth differently: some have done a little better, others have progressed a little slower. This is the reality when technology disrupts businesses. While we push to transform, I am particularly concerned with three groups of workers. First, our low-wage workers. Back in June 2012, the Labour Movement under former Secretary-General Lim Swee Say, mooted the Progressive Wage Model (PWM) for the cleaning, security and landscape sectors. Collectively, these efforts by the tripartite partners have moved wages up for over 70,000 workers. From 2011 to 2016, the real median gross wages of these workers grew by up to 6.4% per annum.[+3 sentences] The PWM has done much to alleviate hardship of low-wage workers in the cleaning, security and landscape sectors. However, there are other sectors with low wage growth. For them, I propose that we expand the use of the Inclusive Growth Programme and find pathways forward to support more workers. We will work with the Government for better support and prevent them from stagnating. We must also take care of the freelancers, such as food delivery riders, the self-employed, part-timers, people in the creative field and other forms of freelance work. With this emerging form of project-based employment, we should ensure that our independent workers enjoy CPF protection, medical coverage and skills development.[+6 sentences] I note that the Tripartite Workgroup for Freelancers and Self-employed is currently working in this area, and we are keenly watching their progress. Another group of workers that I am concerned about is our mature workers. Recently, I chatted with two uncles, both of whom are 75 years old, at the curbside in Changi Airport Terminal 2. These uncles were working as porters. They were sprightly and fit, and while they chatted with me, they told me that they appreciated that they could still contribute, work and earn a living. So, on one hand, I was happy to see them healthy and active but, on the other, I wonder if provisions for their retirement are adequate when they are no longer fit to work or when they finally choose to retire. In another conversation, this time with teachers from the Singapore Teachers’ Union, they told me they welcomed the Retirement and Re-employment Act that we passed in this Chamber last year. This Act extended the re-employment age to 67.[+10 sentences] However, being part of the Baby Boomer generation, they also wondered if they could be better protected with more assured terms of employment. Many union leaders have very similar concerns. They cited that we can legislate retirement and re-employment ages but, on the ground, we cannot legislate mindsets. The real question here, therefore, is whether employers are willing to employ senior workers instead of having the fixed mindset that these workers are a burden, more expensive and untrainable. Union leaders and I are worried for this group of workers. For many of them, the job is essential. Just like us, they have expenses, mortgages and dependants relying on them. Tapping on WorkPro, the Labour Movement continues to work with companies to implement age-management policies and practices and redesign their workplaces. In addition, through the Special Employment Credit, the Government subsidises employers the net cost of employing mature workers. We should empower the Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP) to look into this area of concern and do more. Furthermore, I propose to set up a new Tripartite Committee to provide better support for our ageing workforce and help our mature workers to continue working if they choose to.[+22 sentences] The third group I would like to talk about are the middle-aged/middle-income workers. They may be currently employed, but their earnings are just sufficient to meet their needs and their income growth is not high. This is because some of their skillsets are diminishing in demand, or they lack the opportunities to progress. There are currently several Government schemes outlined for this group of middle-income workers. However, similar to mature workers, the entrenched mindset against hiring middle-aged workers is worrying. The Labour Movement will need more support from the Government and business leaders to redesign jobs, encourage our workers to upskill, stay relevant so that they can progress in their careers. We will continue to look into career-matching programmes, programmes to change employers' and workers’ mindsets; and for the displaced middle-aged workers, work towards giving them a second chance at employment. As Minister Josephine Teo and I chatted, she told me that employers want “plug and play” workers, but the reality is that workers need to “plug, train and then play”. Beyond addressing the current concerns, we also want to help all working people seize opportunities that the future will bring. Hence, I would like to touch on the ITMs. The best way forward for the Labour Movement is to operationalise the ITMs and continue to work with the tripartite partners to translate these ITMs into tangible outcomes. We need to make ITMs real for all our working people, whether it is a professional, manager or executive (PME) in the financial sector or the worker on the shop floor, by distilling the ITMs into actionable, purposeful training programmes for them. For example, in the aviation sector where I had interaction when I was in the Ministry of Transport, SIA Engineering, together with union representatives, are empowering 3,000 workers with the skills to handle technology in maintenance operations, including real-time data to facilitate more productive work. With this outcome, workers can look forward to better jobs and future wage increases. We need to stay relevant by making lifelong learning a habit. The concept of lifelong learning is not new. The Chinese saying of “活到老, 学到老” is a teaching dating back thousands of years. By embracing lifelong learning and making it a habit, we will be better prepared for future challenges. There will always be challenges along the way and even hardship. But if we work smart and stay ahead of the curve, we will find solutions, progress and forge a better living for ourselves. Mr Speaker, in Mandarin, please. (In Mandarin): : Globalisation, the use of technology and digitalisation, all these changes impact not only our businesses but our workers as well. Over the last two years, the Government has launched 23 ITMs to help businesses transform and enhance capabilities to seize future opportunities.[+16 sentences] The next phase will be the implementation and operationalisation of these ITMs. Our economy, businesses and jobs are undergoing transformation. Our workers will have to transform, too. The National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) is helping our workers to do so by simplifying the complex and making the tough easy for them. The information in the ITMs is comprehensive. There are macro-level policies to achieve long-term goals, strategies to deal with future challenges and a list of future opportunities. The information is too complex and high level for many workers. We must simplify and personalise it for them. What our workers want to know are: will I be affected? How will I be affected? Will I lose my job? Are there better jobs for me? After we help our workers understand how the changes will impact them, the next step is to help them adapt accordingly. Workers want to change but they do not know what to do next: what skills do I lack? With so many training courses, which one is suitable for me? I need to work and look after my family at the same time, how do I find the time and energy to go for training courses? NTUC will strengthen our efforts to help our workers. We have set up the Training Council to turn training roadmaps into training programmes which will benefit our workers. We will design and introduce courses that are suitable for our workers, encourage employers to support their employees to undergo training, and introduce bite-sized modular courses which will allow our workers to acquire new knowledge anytime, anywhere.[+3 sentences] The economy changes, businesses transform, workers adapt. No matter how things change, our ultimate goal and outcome must be better jobs and lives for our workers, and a brighter future for our people. (In English): My Speaker, we need to take better care of our low-wage workers, our middle-aged/middle-income workers, as well as our mature workers. The cost of housing, healthcare and education will be monitored closely. The Government will continue to find ways to do more and do better in helping Singaporeans improve their lives.[+2 sentences] But needless to say, solutions are only possible if employers, workers and Government work together. It is critical that our businesses take the lead and do the right thing, that when our workers do their best, remember to share the gains with their workers and give them what is fairly theirs when their businesses thrive. It is imperative that we have a workforce that is competent and able to stay relevant. We must continue to close social gaps by addressing the struggles of all our working people, especially the sandwich middle class and lower-income workers.[+4 sentences] Help will always be available to those who need it, whether for employment, housing or education. Those who have done better should reach out to the less fortunate. In our Singapore, no one, no one should be left behind. We hear you; we are with you; and together, we can make it real for Singapore, and for all our working people.
Mr Speaker5 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Patrick Tay. 2.42 pm
Mr Patrick Tay Teck Guan (West Coast)1583 words
[+13 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. Last two weeks, our Labour Movement celebrated Labour Day 2018 with the annual May Day Rally and May Day Awards, paying tribute to those who have worked hard to make Singapore a successful nation. It is poignant that 58 years ago, in his inaugural May Day Rally speech in 1960, the same year that Labour Day was gazetted as a public holiday, the then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew announced that the Government was committed to the welfare of the workers in forging ahead on industrial expansion and nation-building. I am heartened that the Government of today is committed to doing the same for Singapore and our working people. In the 1960s, Singapore was a young nation facing mounting internal and external challenges on various fronts while trying to find our footing to be economically viable and provide for our people. The immediate economic tasks facing the Government then were to restructure the economy and to alleviate the unemployment problem. The industrialisation programme was put in place to create employment opportunities and to provide a new diversified economic base to replace our entrepot trade. NTUC also undertook efforts to modernise the Labour Movement and build strong tripartite ties to arrive at win-win outcomes for employers and workers. The hard work of our Pioneer leaders and Pioneer Generation has paid off and has brought Singapore to where we are today. As the generations who have come after and have had the good fortune of sitting under the peaceful shade of our Pioneer Generation’s tree of labour and enjoying the fruits born of their grit and determination, we must be prepared to do the same for the next generations of Singaporeans to come. Today, we are facing the headwinds of a rapidly changing economy and changing global order. While we are no longer a nation in our infancy, our Government of today must possess the same pioneering spirit of those who have come before to enable Singapore to advance to the next plane of growth, break through new ground and conquer new frontiers. As a nation, Singaporeans must also draw on the pioneering spirit in their blood to chart new courses and embark on new opportunities in this Brave New World. With all ITMs of 23 industries launched, the collective vision of transformation for our economy has been drawn up. We, as stakeholders of our future, now need to take collective action to co-create our future economy together.[+7 sentences] Of pressing concern to me is the need to raise the urgency to future-proof our business and our workforce. As stakeholders, the Government, employers and workers need to talk about how job roles will be transforming and raise awareness of the job roles and skills which are likely to be at risk of displacement due to technological advancements and global competition. This is not about scaring the people. These potentially at-risk jobs will not be gone tomorrow just because of these conversations. As stakeholders, we need to use this time, while our workers are still employed, to upskill and prepare our workforce for the higher value jobs of the future so that when their current jobs are eliminated, they can still remain employed and employable. We can use this time to discuss and influence the adoption of progressive employment practices in times of change. While no one can definitively predict the future, we can and should do what we can today to prepare ourselves for what is foreseeable on the horizon. We also need to assure the working people that there are jobs which they can prepare themselves for and that the Government and Labour Movement will walk with them through this journey of transformation. This has been the central tenet behind the work undertaken by the Future Jobs, Skills and Training capability at NTUC which was set up last year in January 2017.[+1 sentence] In order to raise awareness and urge people to take action, our leaders must have the moral courage to talk about such issues and be open to sharing information and co-creating solutions with partners to ensure speed to market. With the advent of the use of AI and autonomous machines, I have previously asked the Government whether new laws and regulations should be promulgated to ensure that we address the issues arising from the development and use of these technologies. I have also asked if the Government would consider conducting a national study on the potential impact of AI and technology on jobs and on our people to get conversations going and pave the way for ethical development of technology against growing concerns on issues, such as liability, privacy, consent, safety, security, diversity and transparency.[+6 sentences] I believe that there is value in providing such frameworks of understanding for our people and to strengthen Singapore's brand as a trusted economy and I continue to call on this Government to look into these suggestions. While inertia has oftentimes been attributed to the mindset of employers and employees in preparing for change, in the design of our policies and interventions, we must be cognisant of underlying concerns and address them in a targeted manner to move the needle in transformation. There is no one-size-fit-all solution and nuanced collective action has to be designed thoughtfully for the intended audience. The Future Jobs, Skills and Training capability at NTUC has developed a framework for collaborative action to change mindsets towards future-skilling. Stakeholders can work together at each stage of the framework to leverage their respective strengths for greater reach and effectiveness. These include efforts to address information asymmetry, raise awareness, inspire action, provide holistic support, create positive feedback loops and encourage the flourishing of change-agent mentality. In 2017, the Labour Movement shared infographics highlighting the in-demand jobs and skills in the Financial Services, Infocomm and Technology, Healthcare, Engineering in manufacturing and Wholesale Trade sectors with the working people, with a call to action to take up available upskilling programmes to enable them to be equipped with the skills for these in-demand jobs. The Labour Movement also held the inaugural Future Jobs, Skills and Training Forum earlier this year in January to envision the future and inspire action among stakeholders through the sharing of opportunities on the horizon for Singapore’s economy, identification of driving forces impacting jobs, uncovering of specific action plans to transit workers from current at-risk jobs to future in-demand jobs and exploring issues concerning skills acquisition and how our learning models have to evolve so that we are able to prepare our workforce for jobs which do not yet exist.[+1 sentence] Participants at the Forum also participated in a dialogue with our NTUC Secretary-General on topics concerning future jobs, skills and training. Leveraging the findings from the foregoing, NTUC is working on the identification of jobs at risk of displacement in identified sectors and stands ready to co-create relevant programmes and interventions with our tripartite partners and partners in our expanded Labour Movement network for the progression of our workforce.[+9 sentences] Besides ensuring that our people have the means to fill their bellies, we must not forget about our people's desire to fill their hearts and pursue their aspirations. This is the additional challenge in nation-building that our Government faces today. While our Pioneer Generation leaders were focused on ensuring Singapore's survival, today, it is also about the flourishing and continued sustainable growth of Singapore. Concerted efforts need to be taken to integrate diversity, encourage inclusiveness, mitigate the effects of social stratification and improve social mobility and "liveability" for our people. Mr Speaker, in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): : The 23 ITMs have already mapped out the future economy. We must work hard and build a better future together. I am most concerned with whether businesses and workers can cope with the challenges of the future economy. I have three suggestions. First, in order to deal with the challenges brought about by the digital economy, various industries need to conduct job-risk assessment. Second, employers must share with union leaders and workers promptly the latest development, so that they can come up with solutions together to deal with the rapidly changing market and workplace situation.[+12 sentences] Third, when dealing with complicated working environment, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. We have to customise our solutions to meet the different needs. I urge our 4G leaders to not only meet the material needs of Singaporeans, but also their hopes and aspirations. The Government must make our society more inclusive and increase social mobility. I hope people from all walks of life can do their part, move with the times and build a better future together. (In English): To conclude, against a rapidly changing landscape, evolving needs and limited resources, we must ask ourselves what guides and orientates us in a spinning world – what is Singapore's True North? What core values do we hold steadfast to in this new era? What makes Singapore our home in a highly-globalised and migratory world? What ignites the fire in our people's bellies to take Singapore to greater heights? In spite of all the uncertainties, I am optimistic about Singapore's future and I believe we can stand strong together against adversity and find the answers to these questions together. Through the sharing of the Government's agenda in the President’s Address, I am heartened that this Government is committed to refining our vision for the future and in leading us to build Our Singapore, Our Future as one united people. I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker5 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Dennis Tan. 2.53 pm
Mr Dennis Tan Lip Fong (Non-Constituency Member)2033 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, Sir, the President said in her Address for the Opening of the Second Session of Parliament that with bold thinking, we will create a metropolis that embraces the future. In my speech today, I will be focusing on certain issues relating to our transport.[+2 sentences] In his Ministry's Addendum to the President's Address, Minister for Transport Mr Khaw Boon Wan pointed out that good connectivity bolsters Singapore's vibrant economy. I totally agree with him. At the Committee of Supply debates in 2016 and 2017, I said that we should be greatly concerned over the loss of productivity to all our workers and our economy arising from the manhours lost to all train disruptions and delays over the last few years. I wonder whether the Government has ever done a study to measure the loss of productivity to our economy arising from train delays and disruptions between 2011 and 2017, or the time wasted due to delays from getting to work and getting home after a tired day at work, including unhappiness, stress and anxiety generated.[+2 sentences] Regardless of whether the Government may think that the worst of our rail unreliability and frequent train disruptions may be over, we must not forget the lessons learnt from the poor maintenance management, the poor planning of our rail system and infrastructure, or the impact of train delays on our economy and commuters. Even as the Government plans and brings about the expansion of our rail network, I hope the same lessons will provide a firm reminder to get the planning, equipment, infrastructure and even the ethos right from the beginning. As our Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network increases with the building of new MRT lines, such as the Thomson-East Coast Line, Jurong Region Line and Cross-Island Line, I hope that the Government will, for example, be learning from our experience with the North-South and East-West Lines and plan for a system with not merely sufficient capacity when each line opens, but with provisions built into the plans for greater capacity for more or longer trains in all our new lines and greater capacity for passengers in all stations.[+6 sentences] Perhaps the Government can share more details on the new MRT lines that will assure the public that the designs for the new lines, trains and stations will be forward-thinking and will cater for the projected increase in our population and commuter traffic load in the next 50 years. Minister Khaw Boon Wan also stated in the Addendum to the President's Address that we will develop a workforce of capable engineers and technicians. I hope that with the Rail Academy as well as good human resource (HR) practices, we will not merely develop a strong team of capable and experienced engineers and technicians in the years to come, but we should also aim to develop good managers in different aspects of rail operations and management, including senior management. The President mentioned the building of the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore High Speed Rail (HSR) and the Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) in her speech. I hope that we can start the building and operation of the HSR and RTS with the right focus on sound design, engineering and operating system as well as a good maintenance regime supported by a professional and well-trained staff working with the right corporate culture and avoid the design and maintenance issues we have seen with our MRT system and trains. The drive towards a Car-Lite city and Active Mobility for the First-and-Last-Mile Connectivity for public transport has led to the Government's focus on the use of shared bicycles and personal mobility devices (PMDs). The new Active Mobility Act also allows PMD users and cyclists shared use of footpaths which was previously prohibited.[+27 sentences] The popular use of shared bicycles brought with it more problems as we have heard in the House in the past year. If the Government truly thinks that a Car-Lite city as well as First-and-Last-Mile Connectivity are important for the future of our transportation system and will, in the President's words, "play an important part in a metropolis that embraces the future", I feel that this is a critical moment for us to get it right as far as the safe and proper operation of transport modes for First-and-Last-Mile Connectivity is concerned. If the Government wants to promote PMDs and bicycles for First-and-Last-Mile Connectivity, it needs to really focus on building a good riding culture, something that is really lacking at the moment. But we have to go about setting right this riding culture now and, if not, we may miss the boat again. That is why I am raising this issue here today. Think of the accidents or near-misses involving PMD users and pedestrians, think of people walking along footpaths or walkways being startled by inconsiderate cyclists or PMD users, think of cyclists not stopping at red lights or cycling against the traffic, think of PMDs using roads illegally. In recent months, we have seen much publicity of the Land Transport Authority (LTA) taking various enforcement actions against errant use of PMDs, and e-scooters being impounded for illegal use on roads or illegal bicycles being impounded. While enforcement is important, it alone may have limited effect in creating a good riding culture. Only people who are caught are punished and sent for safe-riding courses. But what about those who ride dangerously? Or in breach of our laws and get away with it as our law enforcement officers cannot be everywhere? Or those who ride inconsiderately, frightening or inconveniencing others, for example riding close to pedestrians or not giving way to those in need like the elderly or those with mobility issues? Similarly, the Government's plans to register all PMD users will not automatically create a good riding culture among users. Like current enforcement efforts, it may, to some extent, deter reckless and illegal riding at best. Deterring reckless or illegal riding alone can be our only end-goals. Enforcement has to be consistent. Inconsistent enforcement against errant cyclists remains an issue. We still see, for example, cyclists cycling against the flow of traffic or beating red lights, but there is relatively little enforcement compared to PMDs. With the proliferation of shared bicycles and by allowing shared use of footpaths and walkways, we need to sort out our poor cycling culture, too. We need to evaluate how effective our public education efforts in promoting legal, safe and considerate use of PMDs or bicycles are to the majority of our people. Public education is important and must go hand in hand with consistent enforcement. At the moment, education only reaches directly to limited groups of people, for example, students, offenders, foreign workers or people who voluntarily sign up for such classes or read up on such literature online. Ultimately, how is the Government going to ensure that the ethos of safe riding and good riding etiquette can be understood by all, regardless of riders or pedestrians? Riders and pedestrians seem to have the mindset that they each have the right of way in footpaths and walkways and even on public connectors. To change this mindset, there is more for us to do to educate the public beyond what is being done. Does the Government plan to expand its public education programme to reach out to the masses beyond its current efforts? I will end this part of my speech with a suggestion to the Government to improve the situation for safe and considerate use of PMDs, in particular. Will the Government consider lowering the speed limit for PMDs to 15 kilometres (km) per hour across all surfaces? Currently, PMDs are allowed up to a maximum of 25 km per hour on park connectors.[+15 sentences] I think this is still an unsafe speed and I would invite the Minister to take a walk with me along a busy park connector and experience whether it is safe for PMDs to travel at 25 km per hour in a park connector, especially during peak periods. Moreover, many PMD users exceed 15 km per hour even on footpaths. The President said that we will invest in infrastructure to keep Singapore as one of the best-connected cities in Asia, citing our Changi Airport expansion as an example. The Changi Airport expansion is exciting and promises much about staying ahead as an international and regional air hub. At the same time, the President also said that we want to live in a world-class city and an endearing home that is clean, green and efficient, fun and connected. Minister for the Environment and Water Resources Mr Masagos said in the Ministry's Addendum to the President's Address that since Independence, we have pursued our vision of a liveable and sustainable Singapore, balancing environmental protection and economic growth. Singapore is a small city. Our homes, our living spaces and our green spaces are never far from our offices, industrial premises, ports and airport. For example, within a few kilometres from Changi Airport, you will start hitting private residential estates, condos and HDB estates in Changi, Tampines, Simei, Pasir Ris. The popular Changi Beach is literally just at the doorstep of one of the airport's runways. Recently, I raised some concerns in Parliament about noise and air pollution arising from expansion of Changi Airport and the possible impact of Singaporeans near the airport and on the eastern and north-eastern parts of Singapore, pointing to the aircraft as well as vehicular traffic emissions associated with the airport. I mentioned that the toxic emissions associated with airports included various pollutants, including carbon emissions, which were the subject of the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), a scheme implemented under the Aviation (Miscellaneous Amendments) Bill in March this year. CORSIA is the carbon offset scheme; it does not mean zero carbon emissions from the aircraft plying Changi. With a bigger airport and more flights, there will be more emissions and, hence, more pollution from the various toxic emissions. I also asked for the present levels of various pollutants as well as the projected levels when Terminal 5 opens. According to the Minister, the Ministry has not done any study on air or noise pollution and will consider my proposal of doing a study, especially on air pollution.[+1 sentence] Environmental pollution is a key consideration when building airports or airport extensions or runways in many developed countries. The Government should ensure that the airport extension, together with projected increase in flights, will not lead to an increase in air or noise pollution affecting residents living nearby, say, within a radius of at least 10 km to 15 km of the airport. That will hit the estates I mentioned plus, I believe, Bedok, East Coast and even parts of Marine Parade and beyond. I urge the Government to carry out such a study soon and, in fact, to monitor the pollution levels regularly on a long-term basis as our airport and flights may continue to grow in the coming years.[+4 sentences] A metropolis that embraces the future must be one where developments and progress must go hand in hand with good management of our environment. In closing, let me end with some brief words on the third category of transport – maritime. And I declare my interest as a shipping lawyer and a member of the maritime community. I spoke of my concerns for the shipping industry in my speech during the Budget Debate this year and I would like to reiterate my call for the Government to focus on helping our local shipping SMEs, as opposed to Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) or the foreign-owned businesses operating in and from Singapore. Our maritime business community consists of many more local SMEs up and down the value chain beyond ships and offshore building and port management. How can we help those who may not be able to benefit from the current focus on autonomous systems, robotics, data analytics as well as digitalisation under the current Sea Transport ITM or, for that matter, under any other ITMs? And how can we encourage SMEs to think beyond traditional categories of maritime businesses to come up with products and services that straddle across or beyond traditional categorisations?[+1 sentence] Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Melvin Yong.
Mr Melvin Yong Yik Chye (Tanjong Pagar)1720 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, I stand in support of the Motion. In her Address, Mdm President spoke about the need to develop a vibrant economy with more opportunities for our workers. Singapore is right in the middle of her next big economic transition. All 23 ITMs have been launched, laying a roadmap to chart the transformation of each industry.[+15 sentences] Much effort has gone into developing the ITMs, which form an important part of the Government’s strategy to address each industry’s changing needs. But what do these ITMs mean for our workers? Mr Speaker, as part of my work with the unions, I visit workplaces every week. Many workers tell me they want to be part of the transformation but are asking how they would be impacted. What can they do? Many are concerned with their job security. Thus, the key imperative now is for the Government to work with its tripartite partners to articulate the roadmaps in a manner that is compelling to our workers. As Minister Ng Chee Meng put it earlier, "we need to make the 23 ITMs real for all our workers". It is no surprise that many are concerned with the security of their job, as the future is filled with inevitable disruptions to the status quo. For instance, drivers face disruption from autonomous vehicles, and workers in a manufacturing plant face disruption from ever increasing automation. My interaction with workers reveals three common fears. First, workers fear losing their jobs today. Process automation and mechanisation have made many manual jobs redundant, and many worry that their jobs would be the next to go. Second, some fear losing their jobs in the near future as digitisation and new technologies continue to disrupt traditional industries. Third, even as our workers grapple with the uncertainty of their own future, they fear that their children would not be able to get a good job in the new economy. While the ITMs lay a roadmap for the jobs of the future, they do not touch on the jobs that are at risk right now of becoming obsolete. Companies are aware that they need to transform their business operations, they are aware that they need to send their workers for training and reskilling. But while both employers and workers know that they need to go for training, they are asking two questions: firstly, train what; and secondly, train for what?[+27 sentences] These are key questions that we need to answer as we move to operationalise the ITMs, cluster by cluster, sector by sector, company by company, worker by worker. We need to distil each ITM and articulate what it means to the individual worker. We need every worker to understand where the future lies for him or her. At the same time, we need to excite the next generation of workers. But it is not all doom and gloom on the ground. In my visits, I have seen many success stories of workers who have not been afraid of new technologies and automation. Rather, they work with the new machines enthusiastically and take charge of transforming their own jobs before they are made redundant. Mdm Wang Mui Sin is one good example. Mui Sin started as a Machine Operator in 1980 with electrical equipment provider Yokogawa. She performs repetitive tasks along with many others in a production line back then in the 1980s. Throughout her career, Mui Sin continued to upskill herself, going for training, first to become a Store Assistant, and attending information technology (IT) courses supported by her supervisors. Today, Mui Sin is a Production Planner, managing several vital computer systems to ensure manufacturing schedules in Singapore and Batam are in order. Her work impacts hundreds of production operators, vendors and customers. Mr Yap Kok Keong is another good example of how one can continue to keep pace with technological advancements through continuous learning. Kok Keong joined Panasonic Appliances Refrigeration Devices Singapore in 1987 as a technician. Throughout his career, Kok Keong attended many training courses to upgrade himself both in technical skills as well as management know-how. Today, Kok Keong is a Factory Manager and supervises 120 workers on the production floor. But he told me his learning cannot stop. Just last month, Kok Keong attended a SkillsFuture course on Computer-Aided Design and Additive Manufacturing to better prepare himself for the Industrial 4.0 transformation. Today, both Mui Sin and Kok Keong are earning better wages because they have taken on higher value jobs. But what we can learn from both of them is their attitude towards lifelong learning. It is not easy to go for training while having to worry about your work. Therefore, I must also commend their companies for providing the necessary support to help their employees upskill. This spirit is crucial as Singapore transitions towards the future economy. Next, let me touch on the need to get our workers ready for tomorrow’s jobs. Today, we have many programmes and initiatives to match today’s unemployed to today’s jobs. More needs to be done to prepare our current and future workforce to take on tomorrow’s jobs. To do so, I propose a strategy centred around 3Rs.[+2 sentences] First, workers, companies and the Government must Re-imagine the future of work. This is especially important as automation, AI and robotics become more mainstream and threaten to displace the jobs of today. A study by the McKinsey Global Institute found that up to 800 million workers globally are at risk of losing their jobs and replaced by automation by the year 2030.[+14 sentences] How would jobs look like in the next 10 to 20 years, with AI possibly at the centre of most of our industries? We will have to re-imagine the future in order to disrupt ourselves before we get disrupted. Next, we need to Re-design our jobs, our work processes and our business models to be future-ready. The ITMs provide a strategic plan for the industry but they do not tell the individual company and the individual worker what they need to do specifically. This may be why not many workers are excited by the ITM right now. Some tell me the ITMs are too “cheem”, too stratospheric. But not Mr Fang Chin Poh who works for SBS Transit. Chin Poh started his career as a bus conductor 37 years ago. When the bus company adopted the one-man operation bus service in the 1980s, his job disappeared but he went for training and he became a bus captain. Today, Chin Poh is a Chief Bus Captain. As the General Secretary for the National Transport Workers’ Union, Chin Poh was involved in the development of the Land Transport ITM. He tells me that when autonomous buses do ply our streets one day, he wants to become a fleet commander, overseeing the buses remotely from a central command. Chin Poh can articulate so because we have started to re-imagine the future of work in the public transport industry and to re-design today’s jobs for tomorrow. But Chin Poh and many others would need to reskill to take on new and future jobs. A recent study by HR firm, Korn Ferry, found that Singapore will lack one million skilled workers by 2030. This could result in unrealised revenue and losses of billions of dollars annually. The study also found that Singapore is among the top five countries where the risks of a talent crunch are the highest.[+4 sentences] Reskilling and upskilling our existing workforce are, therefore, extremely critical. No time to learn? Do not worry. Technology can help play a part in making learning easy and convenient. NTUC has launched a new mobile learning platform called U-Leap.[+3 sentences] Now, we can learn while on the go. When I take the public transport, I notice many commuters looking at their mobile phones throughout their journey. With the U-Leap app, you can now access useful training contents on your mobile phones. Spend 30 minutes a day, five days a week in the bus, on the train, even during your breaks. That would work out to a substantial 130 training hours a year, all done on the palm of your hand![+19 sentences] Optimising current infrastructure can also make learning convenient for our citizens. Can we open the computer labs in our neighbourhood schools for night classes on digital skills? At the same time as we do that, can we also open the schools' sports facilities for use by the community? This way, we can keep fit and healthy in both mind and body, without having to invest in new infrastructures. Mr Speaker, Members would have seen Google's new Duplex technology and how the AI in Google Assistant can now interact just like a human. In time, AI will be at the core of many of our industries and we need to prepare our young for such a future. But our young cannot be contented to grow up to just be consumers of these AI products. We must discover and nurture those with the potential to invent and create these products for the rest of the world. It is, therefore, crucial for schools to expose our children to statistics, coding, IT courses and IT programmes at a very early age, and to do so in a manner that is fun to learn. Mr Speaker, the fears of our workers are real; they are valid. But such fears are not unprecedented. Since our Independence, Singapore has always managed to overcome the economic challenges thrown our way time and again. Much can be attributed to our strong tripartite partnership among the Government, the Labour Movement and employers. Twenty-nine months ago, in this Chamber, I devoted my entire maiden speech to the need for us to continue to invest in tripartism, the magic ingredient for Singapore's enduring competitive economic advantage. I am, therefore, glad that Mdm President, too, highlighted the importance of tripartism in her maiden Address last week. I am confident that as long as we continue to work together as we have always done, we can turn fear into strength. As long as we work together and stay united, we can ensure that Singapore will continue to remain a land of opportunities for all Singaporeans. I agree with Minister Chan Chun Sing who said yesterday that our challenges do not define us; our responses do. Therefore, the future is in our own hands.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Thanaletchimi. 3.19 pm
Ms K Thanaletchimi (Nominated Member)1412 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, President Halimah Yacob's Opening speech charts the direction for the Government, the people and the nation as a whole for an inclusive and caring society. We have a Government that upholds the rule of law, a well-educated and skilled workforce that upholds meritocracy, a cohesive society cemented by multiracial, multilingual and multi-religious beliefs and values. In the last 50 over years, we have developed as a nation comparable to any First World Nation, but we should not rest on our laurels. Tripartism has been our national treasure that helps us through the economic cycles, uphold industry peace and harmony for employers and justice and fairness for workers. Tripartism is one of Singapore's most sustainable advantages.[+13 sentences] Unions in other countries tell us that, in their circumstances, it is not so easy to replicate or emulate Singapore's successful formula. In 1996, Mr Lee Kuan Yew, our Founding Father had said, and I quote, "Singapore has enjoyed harmonious industrial relations for almost three decades because of the successful tripartite cooperation among employers, unions and the Government. This has been a major achievement in our industrial relations – a complete turnaround from the bitter, confrontational practices of trade unions in the 1950s and 1960s." We have to ensure that the younger generation and workforce understand the importance of tripartism, as well as bipartism relations at the company level, too. I am very concerned over the fact that many of our working population do not understand or perhaps appreciate the history behind our successful economic development and growth. Over the last five years, I have been teaching tripartism and industrial relations to aspiring younger working cohorts doing their degree programme in HR. I am, indeed, surprised and amazed that through the years, I have only come across a handful of working cohorts who understood the working mechanism under tripartism and even the National Wages Council (NWC) recommendations. We are not talking about ordinary workers with minimal education, but graduates and those doing postgraduate studies. If we place much importance on industrial peace and justice, it is about time that the whole of the Government, employers and working people understand and cherish this national treasure. There have been several calls to have this as a main core curriculum in school but, beyond this, we need to do more at every level to ensure that this is entrenched into every generation of Singaporeans. HR professionals are the key to ensuring the sustainability of bipartite relationships at workplaces. Government officials and employer representatives are the keys to the sustainability of tripartism. Strong tripartism and bipartism should also help Singaporeans move towards social equality. With good bipartism at the workplace and tripartism at the national level, we are in a better position to execute and implement the ITMs for the success of our current and future economy. There must be tripartite and bipartite efforts in each of the 23 sectors of the ITMs.[+8 sentences] SkillsFuture initiatives and lifelong learning can only be sustained if employers partake in the responsibility of training their workers, employees embrace change as a constant, are willing to learn, unlearn and relearn without having to chase after academic qualifications alone. The Government also should provide a conducive environment for all forms of learning to take place, be it online learning, bite-sized training, on-the-job training or structured training. There must be regular engagement at bipartite levels and with workers to know what are the jobs at risk and what are the jobs of the future. We are seeing incoherent speed of transformation happening in each of the industries. This is of concern. What have we implemented so far? How does it translate to workers on the ground, and if it translates into meaningful outcomes of better skill, better jobs and better career with better wages? More needs to be done. As such, I urge the Government to take a sector-based approach in all current and future programmes. These include monitoring progress in areas, such as productivity, skills development, adoption of tripartite standards, labour participation rates of women, older workers, as well as the percentage of vulnerable workers, and the adoption rate of NWC recommendations in each of these sectors.[+12 sentences] I understand that the Ministry of Manpower (MOM) has some of the indicators. But to be holistic, we should not only track but form tripartite task forces in each of the sectors to drill down and improve the outcome in each of these aspects with clear deliverables. Though we pride ourselves to be an envy of the world, but we are not quite there yet when it comes to women in the workforce. In this Chamber, many of my fellow Members of Parliament have spoken on the challenges that women are faced with during the first half of the Parliament for this term. I wish to further reiterate what I had mentioned during the last Budget speech on working women issues. I am, indeed, heartened by the Minister for Manpower Josephine Teo for initiating several initiatives. Minister Josephine Teo has been a strong advocate on flexible work arrangements (FWAs). I applaud the success so far even though the adoption of Tripartite Standards on FWAs has been gradual. I urge MOM to closely monitor the labour participation of women in the respective industries. The assumption is that there are more women in the service sector than any other sectors. But we need to post-mortem those issues and strategise tripartite initiatives at the sectoral level to further improve the overall labour participation rate across Singapore. In fact, in recent years, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has done pretty well in attracting non-practising nurses and stay-at-home women back to nursing. MOH's continuous engagement with inactive nurses does make a difference in persuading them to go into community nursing. Likewise, each sector, despite its incoherent industry nature, could also strive to develop strategies and programmes to help stay-at-home women back to work. There should be better opportunities for good job and fair wages offered by companies to encourage women to rejoin the workforce.[+7 sentences] I must thank Minister Josephine Teo and her Ministry for organising the Adapt and Grow appreciation lunch last Saturday. It was attended by employers, career coaches as well as clients or recipients of jobs and their families, each to share their journey. Several recipients of jobs shared their emotional stories of being unemployed and the joy of being gainfully employed. It is, indeed, heartwarming to hear some of these stories. In fact, these are inspirational anecdotal stories that we need to compile and share with more workers or potential workers, so that they do not lose sight of resilience and the hope for a bright light at the end of the tunnel when one loses a job. I was glad to see several women who came forward to share their stories, one of whom was inclined to work because of employers' support for FWAs. Share and tell more such stories. Perhaps, go a step further to provide relevant grants or funding support only to employers who are supportive and have put in place policies or adopted tripartite standards on FWAs to be considered first in the name of positive discrimination. Lastly, I again reiterate the call for working women to have a lactation room.[+9 sentences] A colleague of mine cynically commented that Singapore is very advanced in many ways and with laws on bicycle parking and provision of parking spaces but is yet to have a provision for dedicated enclosures for lactating mothers at the workplace or in shared office buildings. It can start with new buildings, but we have yet to see any progress in this area. To be truly inclusive at all levels of the employment and economic fronts, we need both tripartism and bipartism that thrive at all levels. We need the political will to move things for the long-term and greater good of all working people, including women. I am confident this will happen expeditiously in the good hands of our woman Minister for Manpower Mrs Josephine Teo. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Mr Lim Swee Say, the former Minister for Manpower, for truly walking the talk of tripartism, bringing about incredible positive change for the working people and for jobseekers. Through implementing various measures and innovative initiatives, this had resulted in a win-win outcome for many working people and employers. Mr Lim Swee Say, I would like to thank you for that. With this, I support this Motion.
Mr Zainal Sapari (Pasir Ris-Punggol)1837 words
[+14 sentences]Mr Speaker, let me begin by quoting from a speech made by our late Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew at NTUC's 50th Anniversary Dinner held on 13 May 2011. I quote, "In Government, I have never forgotten that it is in the interest of the workers and their unions that we must strive for growth and development. In other words, growth is meaningless unless it is shared by workers, shared not only in wage increases but indirectly in better homes, better schools, better hospitals, better playing fields and, generally, a healthier environment for families to bring up their children." In short, it is about ensuring workers have good jobs with fair and progressive wages for us to aspire towards greater social equality. The labour landscape has changed tremendously ever since our late Minister Mentor first helped the group of workers from the postal services in 1952. There are now different types of employment, from the traditional employer-employee relationships to the self-employed freelancers. Nevertheless, every worker aspires to the same – Better Jobs, Better Pay and Better Lives. This is only possible if economic gains from our growth are shared fairly with the workers. What would then be a good indicator that gains are being shared with low-wage workers as well? I believe a good indicator would be a narrowing gap in real income inequality. As a unionist, I see this as one of the key defining challenges for our 4G leaders as they confront the question posed by our President, “What is next for Singapore?” Without a doubt, rising inequality is “a clear and present danger” to any government of the day. Let us heed our President's rallying call to “tackle inequality vigorously.” For a start, in helping better the life of low-wage workers to be "betterer", we must start by doing things differently. While the real wage increase for workers at and below the 20th percentile has increased because of tripartite efforts to push for workfare schemes, such as PWMs, the Inclusive Growth Programme and many others, we cannot expect to get better results if we keep on doing the same things.[+7 sentences] Doing different things differently then must stem from every stakeholder thinking differently when they are looking at trying to address income inequality. Moving ahead, our 4G leaders must continually think differently to be able to catch and ride on the next "S" curve of better income growth for low-wage workers. But to think differently, we must first question our assumptions behind the current policies on low-wage workers. Are the assumptions still valid, given current circumstances? Only then, can we have the mindset change required to come up with better policies that can make a difference to the lives of low-wage workers. Only then can our 4G leaders make bold changes and not, as what our President said, “be content to tweak things at the margins.” Mr Speaker, what can the Government do? In the past, there was a Ministerial Committee on low-wage workers and, subsequently, this was replaced by the Tripartite Committee for Low Wage Workers and Inclusive Growth. The move to set up this committee sent a very strong signal of our Government’s and stakeholders’ resolve to better the lives of low-wage workers.[+2 sentences] The question is, "What’s next?" While the term of this tripartite committee has ended, we now have many sectoral ITM committees. In leading us into the future, I would like to urge the 4G Ministers to direct the industry stakeholders to think about how we can engender inclusive growth, where possible, in each of the 23 ITMs under their purview.[+3 sentences] This is important, otherwise we place our vulnerable workers at risk of having the progress made to better their lives amount to nothing in the face of inflation and technological disruptions. For a start, each ITM committee could start by contextualising the various ITMs to see how they can help the vulnerable workers to have the means to make a future living. Each ITM must talk of skills that will also be attainable by the spectrum ends of society, such as the aged or those with low educational qualifications. In 2030, one in five Singaporeans will be aged 65 and older.[+19 sentences] How can we ensure that they also receive the necessary skills required under the ITMs? How about those who are currently under-employed? Can they attain the necessary help for them to have a job more befitting of their skills and qualifications? How can we help those at risk of being displaced adapt to the changing job market while still working at their present job? I understand that, right now, we may not have all the answers to these difficult and inconvenient questions but, if each ITM committee spends time to focus on the vulnerable workers, then we are taking the right step into the future where no Singaporean will be left behind. Mr Speaker, how about companies? What can companies and service buyers do? Likewise, questioning assumptions must also involve the employers. Conventional wisdom dictates that you try to bid for contracts by cutting costs or keeping labour costs to a minimum so that you can win the contract or increase profit margins. However, is that really wisdom in this time and age? In 2015, Forbes released an article discussing how some companies, such as Gap, Starbucks and Walmart, are pushing their revenue to the next level. It was not aggressive marketing, nor was it ingenious product innovation. It was something much simpler, and one that many of our companies can adopt as well. It was simply living up to a sense of social responsibility to be fair and treat workers, especially the rank-and-file workers, better. These progressive companies went beyond the idea that only a token pay rise is needed to increase the morale of their workers within their companies. Instead, they started to treat their employees better, like giving better pay packages, generous worker benefits and creating a more positive work environment. When workers are happy at work, they become walking ambassadors for these companies, often going beyond the call of service to do a good job. They are smiling at work, and customers begin to believe in not just the companies, but also the workers as well. As the companies I cited have shown, we need to create a new work culture among Singaporeans. Perhaps, new policies could focus on encouraging and incentivising companies to have a good work culture.[+14 sentences] We have always taken pride in showing that Singaporeans are some of the most productive and highly skilled workers in the world. Yet, reports on aspects, such as happiness and work-life balance, always seem to shed a different light. To me, this is a sign that there is, indeed, a need for change. When companies do not pay workers enough, everyone pretends they are working. They are not willing to ensure that jobs are carried out as they should be. Companies react by imposing punitive liquidated damages. Service providers are then forced to cut corners. It creates a vicious cycle that has one simple flaw – their mentality that labour, especially rank-and-file workers, is a cost that needs to be driven down. However, labour needs to be more than that. It needs to be one where work is given the remuneration it is due, when the low-wage workers among us are not merely numbers in a contract but treated as human beings with dignity and with dreams for themselves. Mr Speaker, how about workers? What can workers do? Workers must have the right mindset to be ready for the future. We must be ever-ready and have the ability to adapt our skills to the changing needs of the workplace. Lifelong learning must become the norm in the course of our work and we need to leverage SkillsFuture to sustain our efforts in lifelong learning.[+17 sentences] When I talk about skills upgrading for the future, some people have asked me, “What does it really mean?” Is it more certificates and attending courses? As a worker, when you upgrade yourself, it means that you can do more and do it better. It cannot be business as usual. New skills should help you take on new tasks and responsibilities you may not have been able to do before. Productivity increases mean that you can now do more as one employee either by leveraging technology or simply doing things better. This is the future I see throughout our whole workforce, and especially so for the low-wage workers. I want to see a world where they are now able to do more for themselves and be recognised for it. Too many times have I heard an unfortunate comment that suggests that these people are to be blamed for their circumstances. And I tell them that they merely have not seen them fight to break out of it. While we worry about how Singaporeans will cope with this new future, it can be very easy to overlook people who are already struggling to cope with the current realities that they face. It is my dream that Singapore’s future is one that will benefit each Singaporean. Not just the privileged, not just the educated, but also the hands that have worked hard in manual labour to continue to build the Singapore that we know and love today. Mr Speaker, please allow me to address in Malay. (In Malay): : To help low-wage workers, we need to challenge our own assumptions when creating policies that are meant to help these workers. Such questioning is necessary in order to generate a different type of thinking so that we can create better policies or have better planning in order to help low-wage workers have a better life. I would like to call on the Government to encourage each ITM committee to embark on a more inclusive approach to ensure that training opportunities and better jobs are also made available to low-wage workers and mature workers when drafting their plans. The Government can also give encouragement and incentives for employers to create a more positive work culture where low-wage workers are happy and proud to perform their job.[+2 sentences] This has been proven to improve worker productivity and enabled workers to get better pay. (In English): Let me conclude in English. The future I would like to see under our new 4G leadership is one where a low-wage worker is confident of gaining new skills and earning better wages sufficient to support his family and aspirations for a better life and, maybe, with the Government’s help centred on helping their children have a level playing field in educational opportunities. However, this is something that we cannot do alone. It requires a strong tripartite partnership of different stakeholders from the Government, companies, workers and the people to stand together and have an unquestionable resolve to help our low-wage workers have better jobs, better pay and better lives.[+2 sentences] Perhaps, this is the best way for us to achieve greater social equality. With this, I support the Motion.
Mr Tan Chuan-Jin51 words
[+6 sentences]Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 4.05 pm. Sitting accordingly suspended at 3.44 pm until 4.05 pm. Sitting resumed at 4.05 pm. PRESIDENT'S SPEECH - ADDRESS OF THANKS
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Prof Fatimah Lateef.
Prof Fatimah Lateef (Marine Parade)2101 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, "We must tackle inequality vigorously" are the words from the President's speech. Let me share my views on gender equality. In Singapore today, women and men are a little more equal than in some other countries and more than we used to be. In the latest Human Development Report by the United Nations, we ranked 11th out of 159 in 2016. Our Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2016 was 0.068, the smaller the number, the more equal we are. That puts us as the top Asian nation for gender equality.[+2 sentences] Our Global Gender Gap Report showed that we need some nudging along in two areas. In particular, firstly, political empowerment; and secondly, representation at professional and managerial levels. I would say, we are inching along gradually.[+2 sentences] Firstly, women representation only exceeded 10% of companies and board directorship, according to a study by The Diversity Action Committee on the top 100 largest primary listed companies in Singapore. Secondly, there continues to be a persistent gender wage gap, though this may be closing up very gradually as well. And thirdly, female company directors of Singapore Exchange listed companies earn 43% to 45% less than their male counterparts, according to one National University of Singapore (NUS) Business School Study.[+5 sentences] If gender equality is the goal, then I say, gender mainstreaming is the strategy for us. Closing up the gender gap is really a journey that is happening and must continue to happen with the development and transformation of Singapore itself. It is also linked to our continued growth. Gender mainstreaming is the push for meaningful inclusiveness of women in all areas – in every area, every sector, every arena. Formal structures must be in place. Gender mainstreaming entails bringing the perceptions, experiences, knowledge and interest of women as well as men to bear on policies, policymaking, planning and decision-making.[+42 sentences] It must not be an "add-on" just to please, or a "by the way" kind of thing. How gender perspectives can be identified remains at the core. Now, it is not uncommon for us to hear women, women groups and even men sometimes pushing for gender equality. But let us consider the following points. Firstly, our focus must be on our people, both men and women. It is a critical prerequisite, I feel. When the focus is primarily technical or technological, people – both men and women – will not be adequately considered and it is challenging to include a gender perspective. Secondly, consider this. Even if we reach a 50:50 mark for gender representation between men and women, are we women – and men – going to be happier, more comfortable, well-adjusted in our jobs and our lives, and feel the fulfillment that we so desire? Will our work be done when we reach this ratio? Will our journey end? Will it stop there? Will our fight be completed? Indeed, success to women, and men, have different definitions and connotations. So, let us be realistic and practical when handling the topic of gender equality. Also, are enough women pushing the envelope and coming forth? Where are the women at times when we call for them? And sometimes, it can be challenging to get the numbers, especially in some areas, some disciplines, and you will have to agree with me on that. Perhaps we need a new innovative way to engage and bring women forward. Perhaps mainstreaming techniques need a review with fresh eyes. Men or women, they must be of the right mindset to contribute and be a part of it all – part of nation-building and a part of Singapore. This is also because each person, each woman, has her own issues, considerations, priorities, work-life balance, family commitments, expectations, concerns about publicity, public scrutiny and other interests. Mr Speaker, I am all for greater women representation. As the fairer sex, let us also ask ourselves "are we hungry enough?" Or are we just pushing for the sake of pushing? In pushing for gender equality, clarity, practicality and awareness of all the factors and confounding issues must be seriously considered for a balanced approach, with appropriateness. Now, on our healthcare model. Consider Scenario 1: an elderly lady, aged 78, had a fall at home. The family called the emergency ambulance services, she was sent to the nearest acute care hospital and she sustained fractures in her hip region. She experienced a lot of pain and, therefore, movement was not possible, neither was ambulation. She was hospitalised and an orthopaedic surgeon became her primary doctor. In the ward, she was referred to the physiotherapist for rehabilitation and exercises. She was also referred to the pain specialist for pain control, as oral medications were not sufficient and an endocrinologist was called in to help with her diabetes mellitus management, as her sugars were always high. The medical officer also asked the dietitian to review her and talk to her family about her food intake and regulation to help with her sugar control. At admission, a blood test was done and it showed that she had renal impairment, so a renal physician was also called in to help. A nurse in the ward, while giving instructions, noted that her responses was slow and she kept forgetting. So, she highlighted this to the medical officer who then felt a psychiatric consult was necessary. The psychiatrist came to see her and then he said that a geriatrician consultation will be appropriate because she had signs of dementia. And after many, many consultations and a week in hospital, she was still there and yet there was still no outcome as to when she would be going home. Her family was concerned about the medical costs and the bills and they were told to approach the Business Office to discuss this. Now, let us move on to Scenario 2: a 78-year-old lady sustained a fall at home and landed on her back. Her neighbours heard her and they called the neighbourhood family physician who came and visited her at home and discovered the tenderness in her hip. She was prescribed analgesia and the family physician called her daughter who was at work to update her on her condition. He explained that he would be taking her down to the Family Medicine Centre (FMC) across the road from her block to have her X-rays done and, in the meantime, he had also activated the physiotherapist and care coordinator from the FMC to visit her at home and help with some exercises. The neighbours activated their community befrienders' network and several ladies came down to help out with her meals, her household chores and administration of her prescribed medication.[+8 sentences] They kept her daughter informed and updated her as she could not leave work. Now, what will it take for us to move from a model of care in Scenario 1 to that of Scenario 2? Scenario 1 is a hospital-based, hospital-centric, multidisciplinary model. It is also traditionally a very physician-centric model. Scenario 2 is a more community-based model which is patient-centric, in alignment with the notion that the patient should always be at the heart of all that we do and in our care delivery. Are we ready to challenge the status quo and ensure healthcare affordability for our population in the longer term? Which model will be able to meet our needs and the expectations of our population? Importantly, we have to review which model is economically sustainable in the medium to long term, especially with our rapidly ageing population. In my view, the considerations that need to be taken into account in coming to that decision include: the disease prevalence and burden in Singapore or in a certain country; the existing healthcare model and system that we have; the ratio of healthcare providers to healthcare consumers or the population; the cost of healthcare and healthcare funding; the current and projected healthcare demands as well as needs; and our perceptions of our healthcare providers, such as family physicians, primary care physicians versus our specialists in tertiary hospitals.[+19 sentences] Now, Sir, in our community-based care model, it must be evidence-based. It must have platforms for efficient knowledge sharing, maintaining confidentiality, of course, and our National Electronic Health Record (NEHR) is a good basic start to this. It must also have a means of educating and influencing mindsets of our population so that we can change their behaviour about healthcare choices. Only with these can we have the connectivity and decentralisation of a community-based model of care, as in Scenario 2. It will require care teams with credibility and the required training; reputable and strong institutional backing and support, such as from our academic medical centres, which are already in existence; a strong sense of ties inter-professionally; and efficient implementation, responsiveness and, of course, always, always a degree of flexibility. Scenario 2 must be made up of interdependent individuals and groups united by a shared goal, with practical vertical as well as horizontal integration. This is a critical consideration for all of us, both healthcare providers and healthcare consumers, in Singapore. It is a decision we must make and accept together. Mr Speaker, in Malay. (In Malay): : Singapore's Malay/Muslim community continues to move forward, is more progressive now, with many more professionals, more students at the university and postgraduate levels. There are more success stories and excellent achievements amongst our youths, entrepreneurs as well as our workers. All these take place within our unique society, in a multiracial and multi-religious Singapore, where the different races interact and integrate and which also requires us to have open minds and be big-hearted. These values are inculcated in our children from young when they are taught about meritocracy. They want to stand shoulder to shoulder with the other races and communities and compete on the same issues. Moving forward, there are several distinct challenges that I would like to share. Firstly, increased religiosity. This happens not only in relation to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), but also in other aspects of Islam. This also happens in other religions and has been a global trend. Some think that this happens due to changing times, immigration and the spread of beliefs and ideologies. Here, our Malay/Muslim families can play a critical role by teaching the correct beliefs to their children, ensuring that religious education comes from proper sources and religious teachers who are certified and accredited by the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (MUIS).[+1 sentence] This is crucial. The correct understanding is also important because if the wrong and deviant teachings become widespread, the harmony and social cohesion that we have built over the years will be compromised.[+12 sentences] Radicalism and extremism are thorns in our society’s side. Second, technological and digital transformation. This wave is upon us and we must open our minds to keep pace with the times. Students, our new and Pioneer workers, teachers, religious teachers and Malay/Muslim organisations must ride the Smart Nation wave as well as its accompanying initiatives. Do not allow ourselves to be left behind. Grab all the available opportunities. Third, increase involvement in the areas of research, experimentation, mathematics and all the sciences. While there are those who have embarked in these fields, but the numbers are still very low. Improvement in these areas can further strengthen our Malay/Muslim community’s strategic position in the nation. Fourth, a deeper understanding on legal matters, legal rights and the law. Many have made the wrong move or took the wrong path due to ignorance of this area. Hence, moving forward, we must enhance education efforts and community dialogue sessions on these topics. With Singapore as an International Arbitration Centre, our community members need to upgrade themselves in this aspect in order to deepen their understanding on this topic.[+2 sentences] It is essential for them to safeguard their rights and concerns. Fifth, lifelong learning is of utmost importance. Here, I feel that our community is still lagging behind and must be more proactive. The number of participants in upgrading courses is still low in, for instance, SkillsFuture courses and others.[+1 sentence] Let us all make a commitment, open our minds and aim to continue learning, with full of determination. Before I end my speech, Mr Speaker, I would like to reply to Mr Faisal Manap's question about us doing self-reflection and also whether our measures are bold enough.[+2 sentences] I would like to reply to his question with a poem: To be bold, one must have substance Be bold in the right context Don’t change just for the sake of changing Change for the right reasons. Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Desmond Choo.
Mr Desmond Choo (Tampines)1655 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I stand in support of the Motion. There are two important macro-economic changes that will impact Singapore’s workforce significantly. They can impact our job and wage growth and, ultimately, our social compact. One, automation and AI; and two, the rise of the Southeast Asian economy.[+9 sentences] Macro tech-inspired economic changes, such as automation and AI, will accelerate workplace changes and create new types of at-risk workers. The rise of AI and automation has left some to speculate that many jobs could be lost. It is not all doom and gloom. The demise of human jobs has, to date, been largely over-exaggerated. Technology generally creates more jobs than it destroys. In Singapore, for example, automation has taken away jobs, such as the bus conductor. But it has created a generation of route-masters and technicians over time. These are higher value jobs. But some jobs might, indeed, be made redundant. The jobs that appear to be most at-risk in Singapore are those exposed to market restructuring and technology. They include admin, executive, finance assistants and traditional manufacturing operators.[+7 sentences] For example, many telemarketing jobs and call centre jobs are already replaced or complemented by AI. Less than a week ago, Google demonstrated the Google Duplex technology powering the Google Assistant making a hair salon booking with a human hairstylist. I watched the demonstration and was rather tickled by the sounds "umm," "uhh" and tonal inflections that created a convincing, realistic cadence. But I started to worry when the Google Assistant could decide on alternative booking slots when the preferred one is unavailable. It is very sophisticated. Our admin executives and even concierge services must take notice. What it does mean is that some jobs will be redefined and others lost. What it also means is that we need to identify such jobs earlier and help our workers to reskill early.[+33 sentences] Yet, while it is relatively easy to identify at-risk jobs, it can be difficult to retrain and move workers. I met Mdm Tan in her mid-50s who has been working in the printing industry for the past 20-plus years. She does some order processing and basic typesetting. It is rather typical of work in a traditional SME printer. She knew that she was in a sunset industry as consumers move to digital images and her work has been automated quickly. Yet, when I encouraged her to make plans early, she declined to change industries. She lacks direction on which job to change to without significant loss of income. Her children have yet to start working and she needs the income. The process of retraining was also daunting. Many Members of this House would have encountered similar examples. The consequence of us not making such a change earlier would be eventual retrenchment and extended unemployment. The rapid disruptions have also caused anxieties for our workers, even including the younger ones. Many knew that changes are coming but what to move into is usually a much tougher question to answer. And the training to undertake that leads to a successful job switch is even tougher to make. The demands of the new economy requires a new job market that is more fluid and responsive to the needs of both employers and workers. I suggest three key features to this new job market. One, this new market needs companies to evolve new jobs quickly, with workers ready to train. Ultimately, companies provide jobs. If they do not evolve fast enough, our workers’ wages would be stagnant and they might eventually lose their jobs. Therefore, our ITMs must be pervasive and help our companies to transform. This is a point also brought up by Minister Ng Chee Meng and Mr Melvin Yong. For example, asset pooling, such as sharing of technology, can help our SMEs overcome their lack of resources and inertia. Working with NTUC to introduce customised training is another. Two, we need a better matching of jobs and workers facilitated by AI-enabled platforms. The latter sounds ironical but is the shot in the arm for the job market. The current mycareersfuture.sg is a useful start. It has embedded capabilities to learn and get better at matching jobs to workers. However, it will need refinements to improve participation by the smaller employers. Reaching a critical mass is essential for AI to be effective. Many micro SMEs or smaller SMEs have yet to post their jobs on the platform. Many workers, especially the older ones, have also not used it because of language barriers that we need to address quickly. Many more workers need help to look beyond their current industry and navigate to new possibilities which they find it very difficult to use. This might require human intervention. Three, I propose we need to develop the capabilities to generate or look into micro-jobs.[+9 sentences] Our ageing population requires new job types to sustain the economic vibrancy and competency of our Singaporeans. Many older workers prefer jobs that are less physically demanding. However, many jobs still require shift-work or extensive amount of time at the workplace. Technology disruptions and economic restructuring have the potential to affect the jobs of our older workers disproportionately. They also found it harder to reskill. Even our policy changes can affect them adversely. For example, I have a Chinese-educated resident who found it very difficult to pass the Private Hire Car Driver's Vocational Licence (PDVL) for private hire vehicles even though he has been very adept at his craft for the last two years. We need to find new job types within the community that can best meet the income and lifestyle needs of our older workers. In 2011, the North East Community Development Council started the Community Employment Programme. Annually, 166 residents worked in jobs, such as cafe corner assistants, for five hours daily. They earn around $500 per person and $740 if you include Workfare incentive for a 55-year-old.[+7 sentences] We term these micro-jobs. These are not full jobs and are not meant to be so. The scheme shows that there are good possibilities in both the private and public sectors for similar and better-paying micro-jobs. For example, our older workers can help to engage residents and run the administrative functions in a Senior Activity Centre. We need such job-creation capabilities to continue to keep our residents in the workforce beyond 67 years old, especially when one in four Singaporeans will be more than 65 come 2030. Next, let me share some thoughts about the next macro-economic change and its impact for Singapore. It is the rise of the Southeast Asian market. With a $6.2 trillion combined economy and a population of 620 million people, the Southeast Asian market is one of the fastest growing regions in the world. By 2020, the World Economic Forum predicts that Southeast Asia will be the fifth largest economy in the world.[+7 sentences] The investment and job opportunities for Singapore and Singaporeans are tremendous. Because investment structures in this region are not fully developed, there are opportunities to develop solutions for such inefficiencies. In fact, such market inefficiencies have given rise to a generation of fast-growing Southeast Asian companies that can compete globally, such as Go-Jek. In fact, if you try Go-Jek, it is already more than a ride-hailing company. They have Go-Clean for cleaning, they have Go-Med for healthcare, they even have Go-Massage if you need a massage. The pace of expansion is relentless. We need our people to better understand the region in order to thrive. Joining in the Southeast Asian growth can create a potential second wing for our economy.[+23 sentences] It diversifies and expands our economic space. More importantly, the larger market allows our companies to expand and create more and better jobs. I have a 60-year-old resident who was retrenched from his Oil and Gas job nine months ago. When I visited him recently, I thought that he might be despondent from not finding another job easily. Fortunately, he had leveraged on his network in Thailand which was established in an overseas posting quite a few years ago and had found another job in Thailand rather quickly. We can similarly build such resilience in our system by looking at the Southeast Asian market as an extension of the Singapore domestic market. This then requires our companies and younger Singaporeans to better understand the region. Our schools, Public Service and trade associations have already started exchanges. We must continue to deepen engagements at all levels. With Singapore as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Chair, this is an important opportunity for our different entities to lay the foundation for deeper ties. Rather than just attachments to companies in Singapore, America or the United Kingdom (UK), our students can be given opportunities to study or work alongside their Southeast Asian counterparts. The MNCs which operate in this region can be useful partners under the Global Innovation Alliance to scale up such opportunities. We should also seek to establish business councils with Southeast Asian countries where there is currently none. This provides companies with bilateral and multilateral opportunities to deepen understanding of the investment climate and structures. Having the fastest-growing region at our doorsteps is an unparalleled chance at economic expansion. We must be mindful that it also brings along regional companies eager to partake in the growth. We will have competition and opportunities in equal measures. While economic restructuring and technological disruptions have affected jobs and caused uncertainty, we are restructuring from a position of strength in a high-growth region. Many of the fastest growth countries in the world are Southeast Asian. However, we need a new, a different job market to help our Singaporeans to navigate the vagaries of the changing market. We will need longer-term investment in Southeast Asia to ensure longer-term economic growth. We have the correct foundation in Singapore, but we must all participate in this change so that all Singaporeans can grow together as one. Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Minister Ong Ye Kung.
The Minister for Education (Mr Ong Ye Kung)207 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. Today, like many Members of the House, I would like to talk about the issue of inequality. Singapore has wrestled with the problem of inequality since the birth of our nation, and it remains unfinished business today.[+1 sentence] But each country's situation is different. We should unpack the issues carefully so that we better understand our situation, what we have been doing to tackle this problem and what more we can do. There are at least four dimensions to the problem of inequality. First, the income gap in society, that is, the difference between the top and bottom income segments. Second, between the extremes, what is the distribution in the middle and whether we have a strong middle-income core. Third, how dynamic or static is this distribution and whether there is mobility, especially from the bottom upwards.[+4 sentences] And fourth, while accepting that there is inevitable income disparity in every society, do different groups interact well with one another? So, to put it simply, the gap, the core, the churn and the mix. I will go through each. Mr Speaker, Sir, with your permission, I would like to distribute a few charts and also show them on the screen.
Mr Speaker8 words
[+1 sentence]Yes, please.
Mr Ong Ye Kung4924 words
[+4 sentences]First, let us look at the gap between the top and bottom income segments. One indicator is the ratio of incomes at the 90th percentile to the 10th percentile. I use household income per household member here for Singapore. Compared to countries, such as the US, South Korea, the UK and Finland, our ratio is quite high. Last year, it was 5.8, which Members can see on the chart.[+4 sentences] We were second, just below the US. But we must take into account the fact that we are a city state. If we compare ourselves with other major cities around the world, I think we will not be out of kilter. We have been moderating income disparity through polices, especially with a progressive tax system. The top 10% of income earners in Singapore contribute about 80% of our personal income tax revenue.[+1 sentence] These are, in turn, redistributed to lower-income Singaporeans through schemes, such as the Workfare Income Supplement, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Vouchers, higher subsidies for lower- and middle-income households in education, healthcare, housing and so on. As a result, lower-income families in Singapore receive about $4 in benefits for every dollar of tax they pay.[+32 sentences] Middle-income families receive $2 for every tax dollar. This rate of redistribution is higher than the $1.30-$1.40 that middle-income households received for every tax dollar in the UK, US and Finland. So, our redistribution rate is actually higher. What is equally important is that high-income earners also give back to society through philanthropy. Throughout our history, we had been blessed with successful businessmen and philanthropists – people like Lim Nee Soon, Tan Kah Kee, Syed Mohamed Alsagoff, Govindasamy Pillai. This giving spirit is still very much alive today and we must continue to encourage it. With the muscle of progressive taxation and redistribution, and the spirit of giving back, we can moderate the impact of an income gap. Second is the core. What is more important is the distribution of income between the top and bottom extremes and whether we have a strong middle-income core. The most well-known indicator of income distribution is the Gini coefficient. We are quite familiar. It ranges from zero to one. The closer it is to zero, the more equal the society. Conversely, the closer it is to one, the more income is concentrated at the top and the more unequal the society. We did not compute Gini coefficient until 1980. But we know that in the 1960s, inequality was very high. Then, many Singaporeans were poor, did not have proper roofs over their heads, never attended school. Yet, there were many wealthy traders and estate owners. So, one study estimated that in the 1960s, the Gini coefficient probably was around 0.5. So, it was very high – shot through the charts. But to drive growth and create jobs, we opened up our economy, industralised, attracted foreign investments. We built HDB flats, educated ourselves. Singaporeans saw their income and standard of living rise. During that period, as Members can see on the chart, the Gini coefficient trended downwards, right into the late 1980s. In 1997, Singapore was hard hit by the Asian Financial Crisis. In 2001, the burst of the US dot.com bubble affected us, too. In the aftermath of both events, we observed the Gini coefficient spiking very steeply, as Members can see on the chart. Fortunately, the global economy picked up over the last 10 years, and we have seen inequality moderate over the same period. There have been studies to show that gross domestic product growth actually exacerbates inequality. However, as Members can see from the chart, our experience is that the fall in Gini coefficient coincided with periods of growth. And the reason is because ours is a model of inclusive growth that benefited the masses, where there is tripartite cooperation between workers, employers and the Government and when there is a belief that we share the fruits of success, as we all eat from the same rice bowl. So, as a result, you will find that when there was growth, we actually moderated our Gini coefficient. Today, after taking into account Government transfers and taxes, our Gini coefficient is about 0.36, better than the US at 0.39 and about the same as the UK.[+3 sentences] We are, however, higher than other European countries and Japan because of their comprehensive welfare systems, a topic that I will come back to later. To measure the strength of our core, we use median household income. In Japan, the US, UK, Denmark, Finland and many countries, the real median household income either stagnated or experienced close to zero growth between 2006 and 2016 – all the blue bars on the chart – very low growth or no growth. In contrast, over the same period, there was healthy growth in median real household income in Singapore, as shown by the red bar.[+11 sentences] And this is a result of income growth across the board, including for the lower-income segments in Singapore. The strongest evidence of a healthy middle-income group in Singapore is our changing lifestyles over time. Birthdays and festive celebrations in restaurants, living in bigger HDB flats and executive condominiums, family vacations overseas. These are not enjoyed by an exclusive few but by the broad masses. This is also not a natural occurrence, but a result of our model of inclusive growth. The challenge ahead is that many middle-income families hope to do better and for their children to be better off than them. But given the high base we are at, the climb is getting harder. We will still improve but it will most likely be in steps and not in leaps. We should also not define a better life purely in economic and material terms but also other aspects of a holistic quality of life, from a more pleasant and greener environment to a more cohesive and caring society and with greater pride in being Singaporeans. The third dimension of inequality is churn or social mobility. The Ministry of Finance has studied the incomes of young Singaporeans in their 30s compared to their parents. Fourteen percent of those with parents who were in the lowest income quintile when they were growing up, managed to move up to the top quintile of income earners when they were adults in their early 30s. This rate is much higher than the 7.5% in the US, 9% in the UK and about 12% in Denmark.[+22 sentences] This is an important part of the Singapore character and one of our biggest national achievements, that Singaporeans are able to transform the lives of their families over one generation. A major contributing factor is our belief in meritocracy. But public policies play a big part as well. A key one is education. We ensured universal access to good general education which uplifted the population. We do what we can to remove barriers erected by financial difficulties. Education at all levels is heavily subsidised. Additional support is provided for children from lower-income families. Because of that, many students who would have dropped out of school, were able to continue to be engaged in their studies. This explains why in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), our 15-year-old students from disadvantaged backgrounds performed much better than their peers of similar backgrounds in developed countries, not just in literacy and numeracy but also in other critical soft skills, such as collaborative problem-solving. Compared to other countries, Singapore has one of the smallest proportions of low performers in PISA. So, if Members look at the chart, all the way to the right, is Singapore, the lowest bar, that is, the percentage of low performers in PISA. In fact, there are no more bars to our right. We are the lowest. In other words, we have one of the smallest education underclass in Singapore. And if we wish to equalise the education outcomes further, we can, and there are two ways. We can, first, reduce academic rigour across the board so that everyone performs more or less the same. Or we can strive even harder to help those at the bottom level up, as we have done all these years. Our choice is clear. By nature, we are hardworking people, and that is a virtue. We will continue to work hard, we will do what is right for students, support as many of them as possible to do what they like and love and be the best they can be. We also provide broad access to tertiary education. Today, seven in 10 of each Primary 1 cohort progress to publicly-funded degree or diploma programmes. Amongst students who live in 1-, 2- or 3-room HDB flats, more than half moved up to diploma or degree programmes.[+4 sentences] Our home ownership policies played a major part in social mobility, too. HDB provides significant housing grants to help Singaporeans buy their homes, with the lower-income getting more help than the higher-income. So, in my constituency, we have many new Build-To-Order (BTO) flats. When I do my home visits, I meet many families who have moved out from their rental flats into a flat that they now own with great pride and often with the help of additional housing subsidies. With schemes, such as Fresh Start and the Tenants’ Priority Scheme, I am sure more will follow the path of the 3,700 public rental households who have become home owners in the last five years.[+29 sentences] But the success of our policies has led to a new set of issues. Families which did well are able to pass down the privileges to their children, through better coaching, enrichment classes and exposure to the world. Their children have a headstart. For families which cannot move up despite the stronger and better support that is available now, we find their circumstances more dire and challenging than poor families of the past. Social stratification is starting to become entrenched. Let me now turn to the fourth dimension of inequality, which is "mix". Singaporeans have always been relatively blind – to race, income and family backgrounds. I used to play football at Bukit Merah Secondary School. I was just talking to Mr Azmoon on this. He also used to climb over the fence and play football, at whichever school I do not know. But I played in Bukit Merah Secondary School legally, until my knees got busted, because without fail, every weekend, on Saturday, someone would book the field, open up the gate, and whoever wanted to play would just play and I would always go there, and people living around, other groups, would just join in. There would always be strangers amongst us. And then we did chut-ho-bay, o-bay-som; we divided ourselves into two teams, and we just played. Nobody was bothered who was from where and what background. And this was really the relaxed Singapore way of life. This culture is organic, but it is also carefully nurtured and reinforced. At least three public policies play a part in doing so. First is, again, housing. Every precinct or community is planned with a range of housing types, so that every estate has a good mix of Singaporeans from different backgrounds. We meet one another along neighbourhood coffee shops, hawker centres and community centres. Our playgrounds are getting better and better and more interesting, and we see kids from all backgrounds, with parents and grandparents in tow, playing together. But we do not stop at hardware. The People's Association and other community organisations hold many activities to encourage communal interactions and forge bonds. Second is National Service (NS). It is a universal rite of passage for every Singaporean male. Everyone trains, eats, sleeps together. NS is not just a security apparatus, but also an important national institution which fosters social mixing at different stages of our lives. And third, the education system. The great majority of primary schools in Singapore have students from all socio-economic levels. Over 80% of our schools have a relatively balanced mix of students from top and bottom socio-economic quintiles with at least 5% of their students from each of these two quintiles.[+1 sentence] And children, being children, they will play and learn together. But we can do better, and we should, and we will. There is a perceptible reduction in social mixing in recent years.[+4 sentences] The study by the Institute of Policy Studies on a nascent class divide has often been cited. Mr Ang Wei Neng mentioned that, too, yesterday. So, some schools, due to their history, culture or programme offerings have a large proportion of students from the higher-income groups. That has raised concerns and a few principals have pointed that out in their public comments and speeches over the years. People are free to choose their friends and who they want to be with, but when groups are predominantly formed along socio-economic status, whether one is rich or poor, it is the start of stratification, and that will poison society over time.[+22 sentences] Our policies will need to work against this trend to actively bring Singaporeans of all backgrounds together. So, let me summarise, after I have gone through gap, core, churn, mix. In many developed countries, inequality had been characterised by stagnation of wages and economic opportunities for the masses. Median income stayed still. There is a growing underclass. In Singapore, our median income is still rising. Lower- and middle-income families continue to experience real income growth and social mobility. Singaporeans have been enjoying a rising standard of living and are motivated to do well. This is both a result of our culture, of who we are, as well as our public policies. But transforming from Third World to First has created new problems and new forms of inequalities. First, a rising middle class which aspires to do even better, but material progress is getting increasingly difficult, given our high base. Second, some low-income families find it difficult to uplift themselves and stratification risks becoming entrenched. And third, some amongst the higher-income segment are becoming socially distant from the rest. These are our three inequality problems. Some think that universal welfare can be a solution to all these problems. Universal welfare – what does it mean? It means making assistance broadly and easily accessible to not just the lower-income but also the middle-income. Proponents argued that with universal welfare, there will be no stigma associated with social assistance, and the dignity of the lower-income will be preserved. A few countries have implemented universal welfare. But make no mistake; no handout is actually free. Someone has to pay for it. To support universal welfare, taxes need to go up. For these countries, average income tax on a typical worker is about 30%; GST is typically 20% to 25%. In Singapore, half of our population do not pay personal income taxes, and GST is still single digit.[+43 sentences] If we want universal welfare, taxes on ordinary folks, including the middle-income, will have to be much higher. But the greater concern is the impact on motivation. I noticed that yesterday, Mr Pritam Singh alluded to it, and it is a concern that should not be dismissed. So, a few weeks ago, in a public dialogue, I called for views and suggestions on how we can better tackle inequality and I thank everyone who contributed and wrote to me. One young man left a comment on my Facebook page. His name is Chee Kian and he is now a teacher. His father was a taxi driver, his mother a cleaner. He said, "I benefited from the meritocratic system in Singapore. I worked hard through the education system to achieve what I am today. However, I notice that it is getting harder for poorer students to break through the system like the past as privileged kids garner (many) advantages since young...and stay ahead. (We need to) bridge the gap between the rich and the underprivileged through education so that more Singaporeans are able to succeed through working hard." This is a young man who clearly empathises with the challenges of the low-income. But his solution was for the system to enable people to help themselves, not welfare. What is the difference? We make help available to them, but we also preserve their motivation, so that they continue to strive, instead of being passive recipients of welfare. Members of this House have worked with low-income families week in, week out and understand their plight. Others outside of this House might have read about them and their plight. But let us not forget the ethnographies of those, like Chee Kian, who have worked hard and bounced back, thanks to the social trampoline we have. The Government must continue to extend assistance to the disadvantaged, and it will. But making handouts easy and unconditional is not dignity; self-reliance is. What can we do in the next phase, especially for education, and how should we do it? The phrase "bold changes" in the President's Address received a lot of attention. While we should be bold, we should not be reckless, for this will undo what had worked and undermine the fundamentals of our system and all that have helped serve our students well over the years. Let us not undermine them. We must be bold, and we must be wise. To do this, we must put our ears close to the ground, listen to the voices of all segments of Singaporeans. If we listen close enough, we will also realise that the "voice of the people" does not deliver a singular message, rather it offers a diversity of views, conflicting and complex, even as they remain compelling. Take, for example, the call for streaming to be abolished. The argument is that it will remove the label and the stigma of the Normal streams. But we also need to put ourselves in the students' shoes. We cannot assume that the students all want to be in the Express stream. Some prefer the pace of learning in the Normal streams. Many students will tell you – and I am sure they used to tell Minister Ng Chee Meng when he visited them – they prefer to be a big fish in a smaller pond, rather than a small fish in a bigger pond. Many students in the Normal (Technical) course also like the more applied and hands-on curriculum which they feel plays to their strengths. So, we cannot ignore how these students feel. Remember, stigma is not an education policy, but the result of our own attitudes and biases. There is also the call for PSLE to be abolished, one of the hot favourites. So, that way, we take away the stress and the unfairness, because those from better family backgrounds can afford additional help and prepare their children better for their examinations. And therefore, abolish PSLE. But if you speak to enough parents, you will also realise that many support the PSLE system because the PSLE experience teaches their children to work hard and to demonstrate what they have learnt throughout primary school years. Many parents are also not overly stressed by it because they do not see PSLE as an exercise to chase for high marks, but rather as an objective and transparent way to decide which secondary schools their children will go to. For many families and students from humble backgrounds, PSLE is their way to do well and go to a school of their choice. The alternative, which is, to go by residential location, is even more unfair. From 2021, we will replace the PSLE T-score system with wider Achievement Levels.[+2 sentences] With this change, we will not differentiate students so finely for Secondary 1 posting. If the scores are no longer so fine, how do we then allocate secondary school places? For students with the same scores, we will use tie-breakers – citizenship first, then your choice, and, finally, when all else fails, we ballot.[+5 sentences] I am confident that this will reduce the stress on students and help them enjoy learning more. This is a big step change and it is coming in three years' time. We have also heard many considered views and arguments on how we can improve the education system – better help the disadvantaged – and we have acted on them. We will see results in the coming years. One strong view over the years which resulted in a consensus is that one of the best ways to help children from lower-income families is through quality preschool education. These are their formative years and will have lasting impact. We have been growing the capacity and quality of the preschool sector, including introducing Ministry of Education (MOE) Kindergartens where one-third of the places are set aside for children from low-income families.[+5 sentences] At MOE Kindergartens, children do not mug, study and get trained academically. Instead, they learn through play and conversations. Through these activities, they develop confidence, social skills, as well as a foundation in literacy and numeracy. We heard the voices of people, such as Ms Denise Phua, who has always championed a programme-based rather than class-based approach to cater to different learning needs and interests of students. So, we are ensuring more porosity between such classes and streams. For students in the Normal (Academic) stream, we introduced subject-based banding where they can attend certain classes together with students in the Express stream.[+13 sentences] We introduced the Polytechnic Foundation Programme where good performing students in Normal (Academic) streams can articulate directly to polytechnics, and they did very well. I think more can be done in this area. We received so much feedback about stress in the system and too much rote learning. So, over the years, our curriculum and pedagogies have continuously evolved and changed. Non-essential curriculum was cut down drastically. Long gone are the days where children were expected to do well just by memorisation. Today, primary school students face their first examinations only at the end of Primary 2. We embedded 21st Century Competencies, which are critical soft skills, into the curriculum. The way higher education is being delivered in the Institute of Education (ITE), polytechnics and universities has also been drastically transformed. It is nothing like what parents remember them to be. We have also put in place more help for the young from vulnerable families. KidSTART builds all-round support for these children. The Ministry of Social and Family Development has roped in social workers, counsellors, nurses, paediatricians and educators to provide holistic support to these children. The target is to help 1,000 children over a period of three years.[+8 sentences] That is the pilot programme duration. In lower primary, we will continue our efforts, including through the Learning Support Programme. Through the Programme, which is conducted in small groups of eight to 10, we dedicate resources to help weaker students. This is why even though our student to teacher ratio is at the levels of other developed countries, MOE has refrained from implementing a general reduction in form class sizes. Smaller form classes across the board can be beneficial to students, but it will deprive weaker students of the more dedicated support that we are able to provide today. So, embedded in our class size practices is also our social compact. After-school environments matter, too. Students need a supervised and secure environment to complete their homework, study for tests, and seek counsel and guidance. By 2020, there will be student care centres in every primary school.[+1 sentence] Admission policies greatly affect diversity in our schools. For Primary 1 registration, 40 places in each school are set aside for Phases 2B and 2C, which are for children who do not have prior direct connections to the school. From next year, secondary schools with affiliated primary schools will have to ringfence 20% of the places for students without affiliation.[+28 sentences] We also work with many community partners. The major education and assistance programmes are funded and run by the Government in an ethnically-neutral way. Self-Help Groups come in, complement the effort by reaching out to vulnerable members of their communities and offer additional help. Let me share two stories. First, is that of Mdm Sharinna Tan, a single parent to four children. They used to live in a 1-room rental flat in Bukit Merah. Mdm Tan worked as a part-time clerk earning about $1,000 a month. Various organisations – Government agencies, The Straits Times (ST) Pocket Money Fund, public hospitals – stepped in to assist her. The Chinese Development Assistance Council (CDAC) reached out to her, and her children benefited from one-to-one tuition under the Supervised Homework Group Programme. Today, Mdm Tan is working as a sales coordinator, earning about $2,000 a month. She is the proud owner of a 2-room HDB flat. Her eldest son just graduated from Ngee Ann Polytechnic and he won an award for the most outstanding academic performance in his course. The other three children are studying also in Ngee Ann Polytechnic, another one in ITE and the last in secondary school. All are coping well. The second story is that of Mr Hairul Hakkim Khuthibutheen. When he was 14, his father passed away. The family downgraded their flat. The mother had to return to the workforce to support the family. She worked as a factory operator and a service staff in a fast-food restaurant. Mr Hairul received help from various schemes, including from the Council for the Development of the Singapore Malay/Muslim Community (MENDAKI), the Singapore Indian Development Association (SINDA) and bursaries from the Muslim Trust Fund. That helped him complete his studies. He graduated as the top student from NUS Law Faculty in 2016. Today, he is a Justice Law Clerk at the Supreme Court, very nearby. These are two of many Singaporeans whom our system has helped. Finally, one of the best counters against inequality is SkillsFuture. If meritocracy is confined to academic excellence, success is defined narrowly as being a university graduate holding a professional or managerial position, then pathways will be limited, possibilities reduced and opportunities curtailed. There is a pertinent question in Chinese: 为什么要千军万马过一个独木桥？Why ask an entire army to cross the river using one plank, a single plank? Why can we not have many pathways to success? In Switzerland, 35% of youths go to universities, while the rest enroll in upper secondary, vocational and apprenticeship training.[+2 sentences] Children, together with their parents, make those choices at a fairly young age, based on their talent and interests, with little or no stigma associated with any of the choices. The society respects everyone. Through SkillsFuture, we want to help everyone discover their strengths and talents, build the pathways to help them achieve skills mastery, through lifelong learning and honing of their craft.[+27 sentences] We have made some progress. Today, we can celebrate our children choosing to be a coder, cybersecurity expert, chef, event organiser, creative designer, hospitality professional, nurse, early childhood educator, filmmaker or craftsman. And they have to undergo the requisite training, not necessarily in a university. This is not the case 10 years ago. But a lot more needs to be done. We will have to develop even more pathways and opportunities within our education and training system. Employers' hiring and HR practices have to wake up to this new mindset. Some employers have, and I applaud them. Societal mindset will take even longer to evolve and change. We will continue to improve our policies, and we will not stop at these measures. My invitation for ideas and suggestions remains open. From the multitude of voices, we will discern that singularity of action, a choice that is right for Singapore, and one which we must explain well, persuade people and be able to defend publicly. So, bold moves need not always be major changes. They can be a change in the way of thinking, a spark to add to the Singapore flame. This has to be supported by an entrepreneurial attitude towards tackling problems, such as inequality. We will actively look out for fresh ideas and try out new solutions. If we come across an interesting and promising approach, we will be prepared to consider it, develop it further, run a pilot programme and see how it works. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I started this speech by committing ourselves to tackling the "unfinished business" of inequality. I do not mean that it will ever be finished. It will always be a work in progress. Today, we may be in a better situation than many other developed countries. But tackling inequality requires ceaseless striving. It was so for the first men and women who sat in this House when our country was mired in turbulence, violence and uncertainty. Today, we live in an era of peace and prosperity, an era where much wealth has been created, but much inequality still exists. To tackle this challenge, we must once again pledge ourselves, as one people, no matter the circumstances of our birth, no matter the luck of our draw, no matter the successes and failures that attend our lives, to create a more equal society. We must keep working at it. We must do so by appealing to the sense of unity of Singaporeans, never by pitting one group against another and pandering to the diverse, divisive forces in society. Tackling inequality is not just a long-term challenge for tomorrow but a national priority today. Fixing this is not the responsibility of any one segment of society. It demands something from all of us, because there is no more vital task than bringing Singapore and Singaporeans together.
Mr Deputy Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Cedric Foo.
Mr Cedric Foo Chee Keng (Pioneer)312 words
[+3 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I enjoyed very much what Mr Ong Ye Kung has spoken about. Indeed, when debating the President's Address and, particularly this time around, with the 4G leaders drafting it, it is very important to look further forward. It is heartening to hear what kind of society, in terms of equality – which is a very important subject – the 4G leadership intends to forge for our future Singapore. His framing of the Gini coefficient – which is often used in academics and all – that societal inequality cannot be reduced to just one number.[+2 sentences] Corrado Gini developed this in the early 1900s, that if the number is high, it is bad; if the number is low, it is good. I think this is too simplistic. So, it is heartening and enlightening to hear that he sees it in different ways.[+1 sentence] The gap is one. But also, very importantly, how large is the core in the middle?[+1 sentence] How has it progressed? And when the Minister talked about "churn", he is talking about upward mobility.[+8 sentences] I remember that in many of the pre-Cabinet discussions that we were involved, we looked very specifically at household income by deciles. We are not blindsided by just one big average number. It is good to know that such attention was still paid to it. I would like to know, in the Minister's view, apart from the gap, how does he see the "core" expanding? This upward mobility in terms of churn, it is very important because it gives hope to society. The other aspect which he talked about, which is "mix", it defines the day-to-day experiences in Singapore under the 4G leadership. How is it like as a Singaporean living in those years, mixing with people of different social economic groups and so forth? I would like to hear a little bit about this issue.
Mr Deputy Speaker2 words
[+1 sentence]Minister Ong.
Mr Ong Ye Kung224 words
[+3 sentences]I thank the Member for his question. Minister Heng Swee Keat always says when he was former Minister for Education, every problem in the world boils down to education; it is always education's fault. But what the Member asked, therefore, shows that it is really not just about education. The gap always exists, especially for a globalised city state like ours, but we want a strong core, and the Member asked, very pertinently, how do we build up that core. First and foremost, as my chart showed, with an inclusive growth model, we grow, the fruits can be distributed, especially under our system of tripartism.[+4 sentences] So, NTUC, MOM, employers coming together is such an important institution that we have. Secondly, the world is changing, our economic model, how we earn a living for ourselves as a little red dot, is also changing, and we must find an economic growth model that continues to let us do well in this world which the masses can participate. That goes back again to Minister Ng Chee Meng's speech and how that economic model can benefit us. While we do all that, continue all our social programmes – NS, housing, education, making sure that Singaporeans continue to mingle, continue to feel as one – and I can continue to play football in Bukit Merah Secondary, notwithstanding my knees.
Mr Deputy Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Ang Hin Kee.
Mr Ang Hin Kee (Ang Mo Kio)1215 words
[+12 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, last week, a global icon of disruptive technology packed up and left Singapore. Yes, Uber came, disrupted and left abruptly. Other apps which came and left include Easy Taxi and Karhoo. Most recently, Go-Jek and Jugnoo arrived on our shores. Disruptive technologies will come and go, and we can expect this trend to continue. By now, we are familiar with how ride-sharing apps have radically transformed the taxi industry. These new technologies change the way we commute as more turn to such apps to book rides. This also means more job opportunities for freelance drivers. When ride-sharing apps first came onto the scene, they were pitting themselves against the taxi operators. Then the lines started to blur. Alliances started to form through products like JustGrab and UberFLASH. Eventually, we saw two large alliance Uber and Comfort versus Grab and the others. More cabbies also started to use the apps' platform, and many learned new technologies to make a living. However, the sudden Uber and Grab merger announcement, followed very quickly by Uber's quick exit, caught everyone by surprise.[+6 sentences] Uber employees were asked to pack up on the day of the announcement and to go home and wait for further notice. Commuters were worried about Grab monopolising the industry. Freelance drivers were not sure how their livelihoods would be affected. Many had signed on to these ride-hailing apps to make a living. Some even changed jobs, bought a car or leased it long term to enter this market. They were perhaps lured by the promise of flexibility and good income. With Uber’s sudden exit, there was no one to turn to as both Uber's and Lion City Rentals' offices were closed, and the senior management at Uber Singapore were uncontactable.[+19 sentences] The whole episode left a bitter aftertaste. Perhaps, disruptive technology brings along with it disruptive management. Hence, it is only right to ask: is this typical of how management of such disruptive technology firms will operate in Singapore? I guess, like most things in life, it depends. There are many other apps-based platforms operating here, ranging from food/retail delivery to talent matching services, benefiting many freelancers. I recently spoke with the President of the Sharing Economy Association Singapore and he assured me that his members desire to be responsible corporate entities to freelancers and consumers. But how will we know if freelancers embarking on the gig economy or availing themselves to such platforms will not be left to deal with another Uber disappearing act? I propose four areas to strengthen the support for freelancers and those who are considering this career option. Let me first declare my interest. I work in the NTUC and I look after the welfare and needs of taxi drivers, private hire drivers and freelancers. What are the four ways? One, do more to educate our jobseekers and school leavers on what to look out for if they choose to embark on freelancing as a career option. Just last month, we met with 100 Education and Career Guidance Counsellors from MOE. The aim is to update them on the developments within the freelance communities. This enables them to better advise students who might be considering freelance work. Similar efforts are in place with career counsellors for adult jobseekers on what sustainable freelancing is like, the risks involved and the possibilities. Many freelancer communities and platform operators have also volunteered to share their experiences and industry tips at these engagement talks. Secondly, look after the immediate needs of freelancers, especially in the areas of healthcare. One way is to embrace the recommendations made by the Tripartite Workgroup on Self-Employed Persons. In fact, some platform operators, like Grab, have started to make co-contributions to the MediSave account of the freelancers on their platform.[+1 sentence] This is an encouraging move and parallels existing efforts by taxi operators to help cabbies with their MediSave. The next step is for our freelancers to have access to insurance products that protect them in the event of a long-term illness or injury, since the loss of income is particularly troubling for self-employed individuals if they are unable to work for an extended period of time.[+8 sentences] Insurers have been approached by the Tripartite Workgroup to design such a product and I hope it will be available soon. Coincidentally, in today's Straits Times Life section, there is also an extensive write-up about the lives of freelancers in the audio, stage lighting and rigging work and the need for protection when they are faced with an injury and long-term illnesses. In Mdm President’s speech, she also reminded us that we must continue to strive to become a more caring and inclusive society, especially for our workers. Freelancers, Mr Deputy Speaker, are an important part of our workforce, and a good place to start is to provide a safety net for them. Thirdly, accord recognition to the dispute resolution framework set up by the supervising Government agency. The Info-communications Media Development Authority, MOE and LTA have already put in place such a system for media freelancers, sports coaches, instructors as well as taxi drivers. Such dispute resolution systems allow freelancers to work through payment disputes with the production houses, schools and the taxi operators. More Government agencies should set up such a framework so that freelancers under the purview of their respective sectors can be better supported. Perhaps, applicants for Government funding should be required to offer medical coverage and dispute management frameworks for freelancers if they engage freelancers in their services.[+2 sentences] Fourth, caveat emptor or buyers beware is a great reminder to buyers to be careful when a deal looks too good to be true. This principle applies to freelancers, too. For instance, many had wanted a light touch regulatory approach for the private hire sector. However, those affected with Uber’s sudden exit from Singapore now question why the Government could not do more. With technological disruptions and the speed that it is transforming industries, it is important that our regulators move quickly to ensure a support system is in place for our freelancers. However, it is equally important that freelancers exercise caution towards platforms which do not want to be subject to or to commit to tripartite standards, advisories and guidelines designed to do right by our workers.[+9 sentences] It is true that we want to remain a nation of opportunities, where we can invite new ideas from the world to come to Singapore and take root. Our workers, including freelancers, are also prepared to adapt to evolving market conditions and embrace technology. Businesses, likewise, need to demonstrate a willingness to be in sync with our workers’ commitment. Finally, are we upset with Uber for letting us down? Yes, I think we are. Are we still an economy that welcomes new ideas, allows testbed for innovations and involves our local workforce in these exciting ventures? We most definitely are. Despite this Uber episode, we want to tell those with the best ideas and technologies to come to our shores. We are prepared to share risks. We are a city of innovation, of new adventure. However, an abdication of responsibility is not what we signed up for and should not be allowed to take root here, neither for our freelancers, nor for our workers.[+1 sentence] I support the Motion, Mr Deputy Speaker.
Mr Deputy Speaker7 words
[+1 sentence]Senior Minister of State Heng Chee How.
Mr Heng Chee How (Jalan Besar)2277 words
[+16 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I thank the President for her Address to this House. In the part of her speech about forging a cohesive, caring and inclusive society, she said, and I quote, “Singaporeans want to live in a fair and just society, one based on meritocracy, but at the same time strives to leave no one behind. Thus, we are each prepared to do our best, but also to walk alongside fellow citizens who need help to keep up. In Singapore, people must always be able to get ahead through effort and excellence. We must open up more progression pathways and celebrate a broader range of successes." She went on to say, "We must tackle inequality vigorously. We need to provide the right additional support to those needing it – in housing, education, skills training and employment – so that meritocracy works well. Only then can everyone do well through hard work, talent and skills, regardless of their backgrounds. We need to pay special attention to the growing population of the elderly. We will continue to help older workers stay employed, earn fair wages and save more, so that they can age with dignity and purpose." Sir, this resonated deeply with me. For many years now, I have been speaking up for the fair treatment and strengthening of employment and employability opportunities for older workers. I am very happy that the President’s speech emphasised this. And, given that the speech bears the imprint of our 4G leadership, I believe that older Singaporean workers can now have the confidence, comfort and expectation that this commitment will continue to be kept. The Government and the tripartite partners have worked closely over the years to enable workers to prolong their working years. The most obvious measure has been the extension of the Retirement Age, followed by the introduction of the Re-employment Age and the further raising of the Re-employment Age ceiling. As a result of all these efforts, workers in Singapore have legal backing not to have their services terminated by their companies on account of age alone before reaching the Re-employment Age ceiling, and that ceiling has been raised to 67 last July.[+1 sentence] Beyond that, there have been a range of measures aimed at strengthening the competitiveness and attractiveness of employing older workers. The Special Employment Credit and the Additional Special Employment Credit are two examples of wage subsidies given to employers to defray part of the cost of employing older workers. The additional training subsidies, intentionally given to support training undertaken by older workers, is aimed at spurring skills updating and upgrading on the part of our older workers. The WorkPro Job Redesign Grant incentivises companies to render their work equipment and processes more age-friendly and even ageless. All these measures have helped improve the employment rate for older workers over the years which, for the cohort aged 55 to 59, has increased from 8% to 9.4% between the years 2007 and 2017 and, in the age band from 60 to 64 in those same 10 years from 2007 to 2017, from 3.5% doubling to 7.3% and then, for the even older groups aged 65 to 69 between 2007 and 2017, from 1.7% to 4.1%.[+23 sentences] So, these are very good concrete results. But we have no time to rest. Companies and entire industries are facing disruption caused by rapidly advancing technologies and changing business models. I think we hear a lot of examples in the speeches of Members today. In manufacturing, additive manufacturing technologies will have a big impact on the traditional assembly line. Autonomous vehicle technology will mean that people can be conveyed in vehicles from point to point without the need for drivers. Robotics and machine learning will mean that that arena previously open only to humans, for example, arenas like advisory services, can now be remodeled. The spread of e-commerce and online shopping is certainly reshaping the retail scene and will have a deep and wide impact on the relevance of large physical store networks and distribution, and so on and so forth. While it is easy to recite these disruptive changes, it is much harder to figure out what to do with them and how to deal with the impact. And for this very reason, we must do our best to gauge their impact on the use of labour and to plan ahead. In industries and occupations with a higher proportion of older workers, such planning, in my view, is even more critical. We need to develop specific, viable development as well as transition plans for these. We cannot just depend on individual initiative and general provisions and exhortations to deal with this challenge. I, therefore, suggest three ways to help focus Government and tripartite efforts in this quest. The first one is: where do we focus on? I looked up the data from MOM's Labour Force in Singapore Report 2017, and I came to the following understanding. First, the proportion of workers aged 50 and above in our resident workforce had increased from 25.7% in 2007 to 34.4% in 2017. So, the ageing trend is clear, it is persistent. Two, out of a resident workforce of 2.175 million, around 750,000 are workers at or above the age of 50. So, as I have mentioned just now, as of 2017, it came to 34%. So, that is one in three in the resident workforce above the age of 50. The three occupational categories in the resident workforce which have the largest number of workers aged 50 and above are: first, the category of cleaners, labourers and related workers, that is, 120,000 resident workers above the age of 50; service and sales workers, 110,000; plant and machine operators and assemblers, 99,000 workers. So, that is looking at it from occupational types. If we cut it in a different way, we cut it by industry, and then look at which are the four industries with the largest number of workers aged 50 and above, then we will come to these conclusions: the first one, wholesale and retail trade, 140,000 workers above the age of 50, resident workforce; transportation and storage, 93,000 workers; manufacturing, 85,000 workers; accommodation and food services, 66,000 workers.[+22 sentences] Whichever way of looking at it, either the three occupation groups or the four industry types, they will add up to about half of the older workers in our resident workforce. How do we then use these data to help our older workers who are particularly numerous in these industries and occupations? I think a good starting point would be to assess which of these industries and occupation types are already facing the impact of changing technology and business models. Earlier, I mentioned the advent of autonomous vehicles, e-retailing, manufacturing 4.0 and so on. The question is, do we see a correspondence between these new technologies and business platforms and the occupations of the industries that I have just listed as having more older workers? It is very clear that the industries that these workers are in are, like all the others, not exempt from experiencing disruption. They are also experiencing the disruption, and the pace can only pick up with time. We must, therefore, initiate action to plan for the older workers in them, so that while there is still time, those who can be trained, updated and upgraded are given at least an equal opportunity to do so, compared to younger workers. For those who face displacement because the technology might be wiping out particular occupation groups in the foreseeable future, or for those who see better longer-term prospects in other occupations or industries – such occupations will become larger as a result of an ageing population, for example – then they should be prioritised for help to convert. Otherwise, if we do not do these plans, we do not target and we do not help and explain and nudge and make it happen, then the risk to both older workers and the system will snowball. And when the current technology or the business model that they are in is discontinued, you can see that there will be very quick and concentrated dislodging of workers from these occupational types or industry, and that may then overwhelm the help mechanisms at that very point. So, it is a question of digesting it away while we can in a very constructive way. Companies will also find that they cannot employ enough workers with relevant skills if they do not upgrade those that they have currently, regardless of their ages. But please do not neglect the older segment. It is easier, safer and smarter to plan and act earlier and progressively to digest away the problem while there is still time. Done correctly, the older workers could, in fact, enhance their relevance and value and strengthen their working terms and prospects. By tackling the challenge as early as possible, we minimise the number of older workers who will be displaced through irrelevance. In this way, we enable older workers to continue earning incomes. This will not only help them meet ongoing living expenses but also strengthen their retirement adequacy. As we like to say in the Labour Movement, "A job is the best welfare". Now that we have a better idea where to focus, the next question is: what needs to be done? In essence, I think we should do three Es. The first one is Extend the working life expectancy runway – so, retirement age, re-employment age ceiling, and such items will have to be revisited from time to time; two, improve the workplace Environment – the physical part, the processes, job designs, attitudes, make them more age-universal, age-neutral, ageless; third, Enable and energise our older workers through strengthening their capability and confidence.[+1 sentence] As we do so, we strike an increasingly better and more sustainable balance between older workers who have a real chance and choice to remain in work longer while simultaneously ensuring that their work creates real value for their employers. What specifically can we do to put into effect these three Es? I urge action in three areas: first, make sure that the implementation of the ITMs include the uplifting of older workers' skills.[+5 sentences] Government agencies in charge of coordinating and spurring the progress of these plans must have accountability towards this outcome. The tripartite partners must support the agencies to track progress and flag obstacles in the journey. The desired outcome will not happen by chance. Only constant vigilance, mutual accountability and a relentless attention to detail can get us there. Second, step up Work Redesign for Ageless Workplaces. The MOM's WorkPro programme is a very good programme. Thus far, some 650 companies have made use of it to redesign their workplaces and processes for greater age-universality, and some 10,000 older workers working for these companies have already benefited. Ten thousand is an encouraging number but, nonetheless, it still represents a small fraction of the total number of companies, or 650; and the proportion of older workers in Singapore, or 750,000.[+1 sentence] Unless we believe that the vast majority of companies are already very "ageless", which we cannot be, not so in their thinking and the way they operate based on our experience on the ground, then, obviously, what must be done is that we must find ways to ramp up the outreach and the take-up, so that the impact can reach and help many more older workers in time. Third, review the way forward for retirement and re-employment. I have spoken on this at this year's Budget Debate about the need for the tripartite partners to come together to discuss the next steps for extending the worklife runway, given that we have reached the earlier stated goal of raising the statutory re-employment age ceiling from 65 to 67, so I shall not repeat myself here.[+11 sentences] After we are clear about where to focus and what to do, I would add a final ingredient, which is, how do we nudge both management and older workers towards the desired mindsets and behaviour? There is a story that goes like this: there were five birds sitting on a branch. There was a hunter nearby and he took aim and fired a shot at them. "Boom". All five birds heard the gunshot and knew that they should fly away for their own safety. The question is: how many birds were left on the branch? The answer is: "it depends". Why "it depends"? This is because knowing is different from deciding, and deciding is different from doing. Knowing and deciding will not save us or give us the edge over the competition. It is in the prompt doing of the necessary that survival and success are to be found. This message, I repeat, really, is for both management and our workers because it takes two hands to clap. We must thus rally societal pressure against those who persist with ageist behaviour because they are both an affront to fairness and an impediment to progress. At the same time, we must redouble our tripartite efforts to nurture, recognise and reward more companies with the right attitudes and practices towards older workers. We must also do our utmost to promote the adoption of the Tripartite Standard on Age-Friendly Workplace Practices, the Human Capital Partnership and other like-minded initiatives to value the initiative, determination and achievement of companies and our older workers.[+2 sentences] By naming the good and taming the rest, we can then say truthfully and with confidence and a good conscience that "based on justice and equality", we will maximise our chances "to achieve happiness, prosperity and progress for our nation". Mr Deputy Speaker, I support the Motion.
Mr Deputy Speaker7 words
[+1 sentence]Senior Minister of State Koh Poh Koon.
The Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industy (Dr Koh Poh Koon)3916 words
[+5 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I stand in support of the Motion. We are living through an era of rapid technological progress which is likely to make automation much more pervasive. Technologies are now being applied to areas which we usually regard as being carried out only by people. Just last week, Google showcased an AI system which is able to make appointments over the phone. Those of us who watched the video saw how the AI interacted with a person without a script. Amazon has also recently launched its checkout free store in Seattle in America and is looking to learn from this and expand further.[+2 sentences] Here in Singapore, some of us would have seen the automated tray-clearing robots being trialed in our coffee shops and hawker centres, or the self-driving vehicles that are making their way around parts of one-north. As automation technologies continue to develop, they will continue to be able to perform more tasks which require more complex skills. Some examples which are already taking place include the use of automation in detecting fraud by the Development Bank of Singapore, and in generating simple news reports and Tweets, such as those covering financial and sports results.[+19 sentences] So, whether one is a blue-collar worker or a white-collar worker, these changes can make us feel vulnerable to being replaced by technology. There is a sense that these changes are beyond our full understanding and control, leading to fear and anxiety regarding an uncertain future. The fear is real. This is understandable and it is expected to be so. This might lead some to resist the technologies, feeling that society should push back against automation to protect jobs. Some may wonder why the Government is actively supporting the process of economic transformation, instead of protecting existing jobs. Some worries go beyond workers, with businesses fretting about business model disruption, students worrying about whether their knowledge and skills will remain relevant, and older people wondering how they will cope in a society that requires more and more familiarity with technology. I can empathise with such fears and anxieties. I have also seen this in patients facing an uncertain prognosis. In these situations, I find that seeing the situation in the right context is often helpful to reducing anxieties and, more importantly, to galvanise positive actions. Our companies and our workers, too, must see the challenges in the right context and understand that while technological disruptions can create uncertainty for businesses and workers who fear being left behind, they also present new and exciting opportunities. Let me share three perspectives for us to consider as a consumer, worker and business owner. As consumers, many of the technology evolutions are driven by consumer needs and demands. Every worker is, ultimately, also a consumer. As consumers, many of these changes do improve our lives with better and faster products and services, as well as more convenient ways of doing things. For example, e-commerce can disrupt the value chain and maybe threaten some jobs if you are in the retail business but, certainly, e-commerce also provides access to a much wider range of products and services available from the comfort and convenience of our homes, and people do enjoy shopping online. As workers, automating away tedious and strenuous jobs will make our work lives more productive, engaging and perhaps safer. Digitalising work processes will also allow us to be more effective and productive at our jobs while allowing work arrangements to be more flexible, such as working from homes, leaving us with more time to pursue other goals or maybe spend more time with our families. With automation, we will also be less constrained by our physical limitations even with an ageing workforce, as work-related experience will count more than just mere physical strength. As our labour force growth slows in the next decade, productivity growth will allow us to achieve economic growth and continue to provide us with more resources as a society, both for ourselves and to support and care for those with less.[+4 sentences] As business owners, many understand that disruption from technology and automation is a global challenge. With an interconnected world that we live in, we are not in a position to prevent or slow down technological change. Companies understand that if they do not disrupt themselves, someone else will do so. Instead of wondering how we can protect ourselves from change, we should instead push to be at the forefront of change, even as we have to consciously work towards mitigating the negative impact on vulnerable groups. Despite the fear and uncertainty, I can confidently say that we are in a strong position to ride this wave of change and create an innovation-driven economy.[+8 sentences] I would say our prognosis is fairly good. And why do I say that? First, our people are well-educated and highly skilled. Our position at the heart of Asia puts us in a region of fast-growing demand where these skills can be put to good use to meet the needs of Asian consumers. We have a strong scientific base that is built up over years of investment in science and technology, giving us a strong research base, strong research institutes and globally-leading Institutes of Higher Learning which can support industries in their transformation. Last but not least, we have a vibrant startup ecosystem driving innovation in the economy and serving as a means to capture economic value from upstream investments in research and development. Yet, with all these prerequisites, success in economic and industry transformation is not a given. As Member Melvin Yong has said earlier regarding his thoughts on ITMs, we have much work to do together and there are hurdles to a successful transformation. In my mind, the most difficult hurdle is one of mindset change.[+10 sentences] Let me explain this. Executing the ITMs and economic transformation will not be a once-off process. It will be a long-term endeavour. Technologies and consumer preferences are constantly changing. Hence, business models will have to adapt repeatedly to meet these needs, and our workers will need to continually upgrade their skills to remain relevant. This is not a new phenomenon. Our economy has undergone transformation before. But the speed and pervasiveness in which the technological change and disruption are taking place are unprecedented. Tackling changes posed by the technological revolution, therefore, requires a fundamental DNA evolution on our part. Our DNA must evolve. We need to develop in us the DNA of continual upgrading and lifelong learning. This is the basis of the SkillsFuture initiative.[+26 sentences] A fundamental mindset change is needed, regardless of whether you are a business owner or a worker. The healthcare sector exemplifies this. With new medical discoveries and new treatment modalities coming on stream every few months, learning new skills and knowledge and adopting new technology are something that healthcare workers have embraced as part of their work. Each time a new infusion pump is introduced in the wards, a new surgical instrument is adopted within the operating theatres, the entire team, from the doctors, nurses, operating theatre technicians, supporting staff and so on, undergo training, recertification and refresher courses. The hospital management actively plans for this and also ensures that the personnel are kept updated on the latest knowledge. So, lifelong learning is very much a part of the DNA of our healthcare workers and the hospital management. We need to inculcate this mindset of lifelong learning across all our industry sectors so that change is not something that we need to fear but something we embrace as our mission to remain competitive and deliver better products and services. We need to put in place a well-oiled system to facilitate the need for such lifelong learning across all sectors of our economy involving all stakeholders: institutions, agencies, TACs and our unions. The mindset change, however, must start with the employers because they have a very important role to play in this as they lead the change to adopt innovative business models and technologies that keep their companies competitive. Employers are also critical in developing their employees and helping them to ride the fast-moving waves of technology advances, because only after the employer has decided to transform and communicated this to his workers can the workers respond by picking up the relevant skills. And armed with these new skills, the workers can better support the company and take up the better jobs available and, in turn, making the company more competitive. Employees must also maintain a positive mindset towards new technologies, not thinking of them as complicated and beyond their abilities to cope. For this to happen, the transformation must also be “user-friendly”. The fear of technology can be overcome by ensuring that the “user-interface” is an intuitive and friendly one. For example, my five-year-old niece does not need to be taught how to use an iPad. Within a matter of a few hours, she can trigger the games app, figure out how the interface works, and can start playing the game. We have all seen this in many of our kids when they are given a device like an iPad. Many of us also would not need to read the instruction manual of a new smartphone that you have just taken from the phone store. Within a matter of a couple of days of tinkering around, you kind of get used to how the interface works and you can probably use 80% of the functions of the phone without so much as reading the user manual. Similarly, some SMEs in the manufacturing sector are able to do so and ensure that the user interface of automation is as simple as the interface of an iPad. I have visited some in the manufacturing sector and they have made the control of industrial robots via the use of iPads certainly very intuitive. The operator in this situation is, in fact, interfacing with the iPad and would not have to bother about the technology behind the robot itself unless, of course, they are the technicians charged with servicing the robot. In the words of a mature worker, as far as they are concerned, the robot is there but they are actually interfacing directly with the iPad and it is something that any smartphone user will find that, with minimal training, you can get used to it. We need to change our mindsets and not see technology as something complicated and beyond our abilities to cope. An example of a company that demonstrates this is PSA. I visited PSA last week. The port has been testing and adopting many automation technologies to enhance productivity. This includes the testing of unmanned automated guided vehicles (AGVs) as well as automated and remotely-controlled yard cranes and quay cranes, which help to provide better service levels and enable our port to remain competitive in the face of mounting global competition. PSA has not pursued automation at the expense of its drivers and crane operators. In fact, automation has allowed for the creation of higher-skilled and better-quality jobs for them.[+1 sentence] During the visit, I met Mr Aw Eng San, a 53-year-old crane operator who has been with PSA since 1994, but who, despite his years, displays a positive mindset towards change. When I spoke to him, he confessed that he was initially apprehensive when PSA decided to automate its yard cranes. However, PSA, working together with the Singapore Port Workers Union (SPWU) and the Port Officers’ Union, reassured him as well as the more than 1,000 other PSA staff going through the transformation journey with him, that jobs would still be available for all of them and that PSA would sponsor their training in the required skills.[+11 sentences] The training was well-designed and it eased the process of change. After just three weeks of classroom training, as well as subsequent on-the-job training, he has since settled into his new role in the automated yard operations control centre, managing exceptional situations for a fleet of automated cranes using a joystick and hi-definition cameras, rather than being isolated in a crane cabin which can be hot on certain days and for which he has to climb up a ladder to get access. The new job now allows him to work indoors and interact with his colleagues in an office environment. By keeping a positive mindset towards change, Mr Aw has learnt a new skill and stayed relevant. As a result, he has contributed to an improvement in PSA's overall performance, and his pay package has also increased through higher performance incentives. He is now even encouraging his friends from the other terminals to join him on this journey. From a typical blue-collar job, his job is now technically an “office job” that is less physically demanding, much safer and, certainly, much more fulfilling. With the expansion to Tuas Mega Port, I am sure many more exciting jobs will become available. It is not only the “big companies” that are capable of transformation. Let me cite the example of a homegrown halal bakery, Swee Heng. This SME, Swee Heng, invested in a new 60,000 square foot factory that is semi-automated and houses state-of-the-art equipment, such as two tunnel ovens that make baking much more efficient. The new factory has enabled Swee Heng to triple its former daily production capacity, and it is now producing 30,000 cakes and 120,000 bread dough daily while, at the same time, reducing the manpower required by an average of 50%.[+2 sentences] As a result, manpower can be redeployed to perform more intricate tasks, such as cake decorating. Swee Heng has also digitalised much of its manual processes and upskilled their older workers to become more tech-savvy. Its shopfront retail employees have moved from writing on paper and faxing orders to the headquarters, to placing orders directly through the tablets. This reduces order consolidation time by as much as three times, allowing the production site to have access to quicker and more accurate order information.[+20 sentences] Beyond mindset change, how can we better leverage our strengths to effect a successful transformation? Well, one of our key assets is a well-educated population. We need to better engage and co-create policies with our people to harness the power of an increasingly educated and better-informed population towards the creation of better outcomes for everyone. Let me share an observation from my personal experience as a doctor, having witnessed the change in patients’ dispositions over the years. I remember when I was a student, patients in those days tended to be very highly compliant. Whatever the doctor says, they will do. But they are much more dependent on their doctors to play a paternalistic role in looking after their health. Those days, we were often frustrated that patients were not able to comply with the treatment instructions in the regime. They either did not finish their antibiotics when they were supposed to, or they were not using the asthmatic inhalers as we instructed them. So, often times, diseases were not very well controlled. They do not somehow feel like they want to be empowered. Over time, this changed. Today, our patients are much more educated. They are better informed, and they do not necessarily take their doctor's orders so easily at face value. They ask their doctors many questions. Sometimes, they come with a stack of papers printed from the Internet. You get a test right on the spot. And they will only comply with the doctor’s advice after the doctor has spent some time explaining his decisions. But once we are able to get the patients to understand the issues and empower them with the knowledge, more patients today are taking charge of their own health. It is thus a much more satisfying partnership for our doctors to work with their patients towards achieving better health outcomes. In making our ITMs work, we must continue to listen to our workers and our business owners to ensure that we build this partnership, so that as the transformation progresses and the operating environment changes, our strategies and tools must evolve in tandem to meet those new needs and challenges.[+5 sentences] The Government needs to be flexible and be prepared to make changes where necessary. We have to better communicate to our people the challenges and limitations that we face so that we can make the necessary tradeoffs and partner our people so that we can remain as a competitive “Team Singapore”. The second strength we have is also our uniquely Singaporean secret sauce – our strong partnerships and tripartism. Sister Thanaletchimi shared that our Government works hand in hand with TACs which represent businesses, and unions which represent workers, crystallising the essence of our tripartism. This is something that sets us apart from many other countries which face the same challenges we do in economic transformation, but without that secret sauce that we have. Each ITM is an integrated plan bringing the tripartite partners together to drive change for its particular sector.[+3 sentences] But the ITMs are only of value if they can be executed and executed well. Tripartism is the "soul" of the ITMs. It brings the ITM to life. While the ITMs have, as their starting points the transformation of enterprises, we must not forget that the ultimate aim is to ensure that our workers are equipped with the right skills and knowledge to benefit from the fruits of this transformation and innovation.[+2 sentences] The tripartite partnerships involved in each ITM are, therefore, crucial to bring together this integrated perspective. Just as important, we also need to continually reinforce our society’s capabilities to support its more vulnerable members. We heard earlier the resolve of this Government to ensure that inequality does not set in, that we take care of the vulnerable. We need impactful initiatives like the Adapt and Grow Programme in which the Government provides support for our workers to learn and upgrade their skills throughout their lives, with particular attention to helping displaced workers learn new skills and utilise them in better jobs.[+6 sentences] These are concrete ways in which we can ensure that Singaporeans are not left behind in the midst of economic progress and keep inequality at bay. As Mr Thomas Chua mentioned yesterday, we need to continue to empower the TACs to do more with the employers to help businesses better understand the transformation journey they can undertake in their own sectors and support them in taking the first steps. We need to find more ways in which the unions can participate in the training and reskilling of our workforce, to catalyse the mindset change I spoke about. More importantly, we need to ensure that the fruits of economic transformation translate to real tangible benefits for our workers. So, beyond the usual measurements of productivity gains and value-add per worker, we need to have better ways and better parameters to measure how our workers actually benefit from the transformation. A good example of such tripartite effort is seen in the Air Transport ITM, which was developed in close collaboration with the Air Transport Industrial Tripartite Committee (ITC). The Air Transport ITC was set up in 2015 and comprises top management from the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) and relevant Government agencies, Changi Airport Group, NTUC, the airlines and ground handling agents, which together account for over 85% of total employment in this entire sector.[+9 sentences] Meeting every quarter, the ITC aims to shape and drive manpower and productivity initiatives for the sector through tripartite collaboration. Notably, the ITC has a Workforce Transformation Workgroup through which it regularly updates members, such as NTUC and the union, on the progress of industry transformation and workforce issues in the sector. The inputs obtained through the ITC’s channels on Government initiatives and ground sentiments have proven valuable in helping our agencies further refine their schemes and programmes. In my concurrent appointment as Senior Minister of State for the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Deputy Secretary-General of the NTUC, I hope to be able to further bridge the gap between Government agencies and the Labour Movement, particularly in the implementation of our ITMs. Throughout all these, the Government must remain nimble and be prepared to change our approach when needed. Even within the ITMs, where necessary, we have taken a tailored approach in the formulation and implementation of our ITMs, as each industry segment has a different makeup and faces different challenges. This is a reflection of what Mr Teo Ser Luck pointed out yesterday that, even within each industry, different approaches will need to be taken for different groups of enterprises. We will continue to review and adapt our ITMs to meet the needs of each industry, even as these needs change over time. To illustrate, for enterprises in more innovation-intensive industries, for example, in the manufacturing sectors, the capabilities the enterprise needs to develop can be highly enterprise-specific. In such cases, we support companies to develop company-specific operational-technology roadmaps (OTRs) to map out how they can use technologies to meet their needs.[+5 sentences] They can subsequently be supported through schemes like the Capability Development Grant (CDG) to take up these technologies. And in the OTR, we also work with them to see how best they can level up the skills of their workers to manage technologies that they are bringing in. On the other hand, for sectors like logistics and air and sea transport, the technologies required are much more similar across different enterprises. In such cases, we adopt a more broad-based approach which allows many firms to benefit very early on. We do this in two ways. First, based on our engagement of firms in the industry, we pre-scope and pre-approve technology solutions which meet the firms’ problem statements. These pre-scoped solutions are specific to the needs of each industry and can be supported through the Productivity Solutions Grant, available online on the Business Grants Portal. Our second approach is to develop technology platforms, such as the National Trade Platform, which allow for digitalisation of documentation in the sector and also provide innovative value-added services.[+8 sentences] These are also open to all firms in the industry. Sir, the challenges ahead are not insurmountable. All things considered, Singapore has all the ingredients for success. Globally, everyone is facing the same set of challenges as a result of the rapidly changing environment, but Singapore is well-placed with distinct advantages to embrace innovation-driven economic growth for our enterprises and people. The Government is prepared to support our enterprises and people in their transformation journeys. Everyone has a role to play as we move into the innovation-driven economy of the future. And everyone can participate in it, whether as a worker submitting an innovative idea to improve work processes, as a student through school projects, or a first-time entrepreneur coming out to start your own business, or even a retiree who has a good idea. The key is being open in our thinking and being prepared to make the necessary changes. Businesses must lead change as they bring together and organise their resources in new ways, while our people have a responsibility to upgrade their skills, develop new ideas and take risks to make change happen. If we can hunker down and band together, our enterprises and our people will emerge all the better for it. Singapore is not defined by the progress and accolades it has achieved, but our constant striving to do better. Our story has always been about the future that we create through our collective efforts.[+1 sentence] With that, Sir, I stand in support of the Motion.
Mr Deputy Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Murali Pillai.
Mr Murali Pillai (Bukit Batok)2748 words
[+15 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion. I will deal with three aspects of President Halimah's Address in my speech: social inequality, cost of living and the task of the 4G Government leaders. President Halimah, as highlighted by a good number of Members before me, signaled that our Government will tackle inequality vigorously. It is important, however, to understand the Government's objectives in addressing the issue of inequality. Both within and outside Singapore, political leaders have often incorporated the phrase "income inequality" in their speeches, but do not necessarily have the same understanding of its impact on society. We just heard a masterful speech on the same topic by Minister Ong Ye Kung a few minutes ago. Some political leaders have sounded apocalyptic warnings about the effect of income inequality on society. Some have referred to income inequality as providing people the motivation to do better and improve their lives. Some other opportunistic politicians blame immigration and free trade as contributing factors to income inequality. Doubtless, such accusations can exacerbate divisions within a society. I found the chapter on inequality written by Prof Steven Pinker of Harvard University in his recent book "Enlightenment Now" instructive on this point and wish to share his insights with hon Members of this House. Prof Pinker asserted that income inequality, usually measured by the Gini coefficient, is not a fundamental component of well-being. It is not a basic right, such as the right to health, education, security and so on. He said, and I quote: "Income inequality is not itself a dimension of human well-being and it should not be confused with unfairness or with poverty nor is decrease in inequality always good. Most effective levellers of economic disparities are epidemics, massive wars and state collapse". What is objectionable, therefore, is poverty and lack of mobility arising from low income. Hence, in dealing with income inequality, the primary focus is on tackling poverty, access to important services, such as education, health, social mobility and social mix.[+5 sentences] We should not conflate inequality per se with unfairness. Against this backdrop, it can be readily appreciated that our country's Gini coefficient figures, which solely measure income inequality, do not provide a full picture on the Government's effort to deal with social mobility, poverty, access to Government services among our low-income families and social mix. I believe the hon Member Mr Cedric Foo made the same point earlier. In this context, the Government's stated intent in the President's Address to open up more progression pathways, celebrate a broader range of success, giving every child a good start in life irrespective of his family circumstances and help children at-risk, deserves this House' full support. This is not to say the Government should not be mindful of income inequality. Cost of living issues have a disproportionate impact on low-income families. I note specifically that this Government has committed in the President's Address to "help families cope with the costs of living".[+1 sentence] I wish to deal with the impact of GST on lower-income families. The Government often refers to the unique structuring of the GST system with voucher schemes extended to low-income families so as to make GST implementation more "progressive" vis-a-vis them. It is mentioned that for our low-income families, for every dollar they pay in tax, they get about $4 in transfer benefits.[+6 sentences] Minister Ong Ye Kung just spoke about this when he touched on the topic of redistribution to lower-income families in Singapore in his speech just now. As low-income families do not pay much income tax, most of the tax they pay would, therefore, be GST. I respectfully suggest that in determining the impact of GST on low-income families and measuring the sufficiency of the transfer benefits to help them with their cost of living issues, we should not just use how much GST a low-income family pays as a yardstick. The assumption that low-income families use quite a bit of their disposable income in directly paying GST ought to be tested. Let me iIlustrate this by using purchase of food as an example. It is more likely that a member from a low-income family would buy food from businesses at the wet markets or from a hawker centre, which are not GST-registered, as opposed to a supermarket or restaurant in a shopping centre. Yet, hawker and market food prices will naturally be affected by GST and the low-income family will have to pay higher costs. Hence, pegging the amount of transfers just on how much GST they directly pay would not be sufficient.[+23 sentences] Ultimately, to ensure that the transfers are sufficient to offset the impact of GST on cost of living, the Government must be mindful of the inflationary pressures on the lower-income families, especially if their wages do not keep pace. One defining action to ensure social mobility is the provision of access to good quality education. This has and will continue to be a great leveller for our society. So long as the individual puts in the effort, he or she can achieve good results and enjoy the opportunities it brings. At the same time, the beneficiaries of our system must actively contribute back to society that helped them achieve success. This is the Singapore brand of meritocracy that Minister Masagos referred to in his speech yesterday. I wish to share a good example of a product of the Singapore brand of meritocracy. Ms Chong Hui Xian is an active community leader in Bukit Batok over the past seven years. She is in her early 30s. She is an auditor with one of the top four accounting firms. How did she get there? She is from a modest family background. Her father, now retired, was a kitchen hand at a hotel. She has a younger sister. Her mother is a full-time housewife. She scored 151 in her PSLE. She could not get into an Express or Normal (Academic) stream. She went to Normal (Technical) stream at Yusof Ishak Secondary School. From there, she went to ITE West for a year and then to ITE East for two years. She did sufficiently well to get into an accounting course in Ngee Ann Polytechnic. By that time, she had gained sufficient confidence to compete, in her words, with "the single O-level pointers". At the same time, she decided that she must do something for our community. She and her friends set up an ITE chapter in Ngee Ann Polytechnic to help ITE students better cope with their studies. She also became a Bukit Batok community leader after graduating from Ngee Ann Polytechnic. She later secured entry into Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and graduated three years later with a Second Class Upper Honours degree in accountancy.[+2 sentences] She continues to help youths by sharing her story and motivating them to be the best they can be. Her focus, borrowing Minister Masagos' words, is on "building a good society, not a richer society". I am heartened to note that the Government, in the President's Address, pledged to do more in terms of raising the quality of preschools and helping children at risk. I wish to once again raise for the consideration of the Government the merits of intervening where families do not ensure that their children attend school, in contravention of the Compulsory Education Act.[+3 sentences] The Government, in the Committee of Supply (COS) debates, urged caution. The hon Minister Desmond Lee stated that "use of legislative levers is insufficient on its own". My point, respectfully, is that there is no legislative lever in the first place. To prevent a permanent underclass from taking root in Singapore, there may be a need to enhance powers of intervention into dysfunctional families which do not send their children to school.[+11 sentences] This may sound controversial. But so long as the powers are well regulated, used judiciously, I do not see a significant downside. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, if a child, because of the neglect of parents, does not go to school or drops out of school, what are his economic prospects? What is the likelihood of him entering the criminal justice system, compared to a person who completed school? For the Benthamites amongst us, is it not more likely that, in the end, the state will be compelled to spend more money on him to deal with the consequences of him not being in school? One connected issue to the Government's agenda in forging a cohesive, caring and inclusive society is the housing policy concerning the physical location of rental flats. This relates to the fourth dimension of income inequality that Minister Ong Ye Kung spoke about in his speech dealing with social mix. As Members know, a good number of standalone rental blocks have been built in the recent past. Yesterday, we heard the hon Member Ang Wei Neng forcefully endorsing the Government's ethnic mix policy in HDB housing estates. Hon Member Henry Kwek made a clarion call to promote social mixing among classes. Miss Cheryl Chan suggested renting older housing units to those needing interim housing. I agree with them and I would go further. I suggest that the Government consider going back to the old policy of co-locating rental flats within regular units.[+7 sentences] I do have a concern with the building of standalone rental flats. Usually, they are built at the fringes of mature housing estates. They run the danger of becoming ghettos. We miss a chance of getting family members from these rental flats to mix with members in regular units. With better interaction, we promote awareness, empathy for low-income families and, hopefully, this will spontaneously generate more help for them. We can also motivate the low-income families to better their lives through their own efforts, mirroring the efforts of their friends in regular units. I now turn to the issue of money because it is so easy to forget that whilst we want the Government to do more to increase social mobility and help with cost of living, our fiscal position, as the Minister for Finance reminds us, is getting tighter and tighter. Without economic growth – and that is the challenge of the 4G Government leaders – we will face difficulty. We are already spending close to $40 billion on social expenditure, which is a more than a 100% increase, compared to the figures a decade ago.[+14 sentences] We cannot afford these figures to go up all the time. We must focus on individual responsibility to slow down the increase in social spending and talent development to grow our economy. On the latter point, I do not have time to do justice to this big topic in my speech today, but I wish to share an example which shows that Singapore offers a great platform for innovation and economic opportunities for all, irrespective of their personal backgrounds. I met Mr Fock Mun Hong, aged 48, two weeks ago at his late father's funeral wake in Bukit Batok. He shared with me that his late father, who had no formal education, was his biggest mentor. His father was the sole breadwinner in a family with two children. He recounted that his father used a discarded cardboard, some aluminium foil and a vegetable steamer to create a personal sauna for just less than $50! Mr Fock was inspired by his father. He, too, became an inventor. A graduate of NTU, his Singapore company just discovered enzymes that can dissolve styrofoam. Ordinarily, it takes thousands of years to degrade styrofoam. With this discovery, he plans to take part in Temasek Foundation's Liveability Challenge to address urban waste. Hopefully, he will be able to commercialise his idea and that will, undoubtedly, be good not just for Singapore but our world. Returning to the issue of addressing the increased costs of social expenditure, there is scope to use data analytics to ensure better targeting and reduce moral hazard. I spoke about this before in the House. I asked why we are still using household income as a determinant for social assistance as opposed to family income.[+7 sentences] I do appreciate the complexity but I exhort the Government to consider utilising data analytics to get a better picture of who should be helped. I met an elderly couple. They sought financial help over and above the CPF LIFE annuity payment they were getting. Unfortunately, they were not getting sufficient support from their children. When I suggested that they participate in the Lease Buyback Scheme, they demurred, stating that they want to pass on the full value of their flat to their children upon their demise. Responsible parents to the end. So, what lessons can we draw from this? All Singaporeans must accept that the Government owes them a duty to ensure that each dollar spent for social spending is spent correctly, and does not allow the expenditure to balloon beyond what is necessary. Therefore, families must continue to remain as the first line of support. Also, the Government needs to leverage more on technology and data analytics to identify families that need Government help and advise families who do not have other options. In addition, as a country, as a community, we must always promote family values – strong family, strong society, strong country.[+1 sentence] The converse is also true. We should nip in the bud the incidents of well-to-do children passing the buck of taking care of their elderly parents to the state.[+15 sentences] This does not accord with our nation's values. I now turn to my final topic, our 4G Government leaders. I am heartened to note from the President's Address the humility of our 4G Government leaders in recognising that they need to demonstrate leadership and resolve, listen to the views and feelings of our people and earn the right to lead. This, I believe, will go some way in building the relationship of trust with the people that hon Member Ganesh Rajaram referred to in his cogent speech yesterday in this House. Mr Ganesh Rajaram also referred to the challenge of communication in today's digital world. As far as communication is concerned, I dare say that the task of the 4G Government leaders is likely to be more difficult than it was for our Government leaders in previous generations. We all know about the advent of deliberate online falsehoods in social media. We also know about the heightened potential for non-Singaporean players with ulterior motives to influence the Singapore political scene through media platforms. There is now the long tail of expectations and demands which makes it more difficult for us to reach consensus on policies. This is where we need to forge a climate of constructive politics, always putting Singapore and our people first and to avoid short-term populist measures that will weaken Singapore. And I am glad to note that Mr Pritam Singh, on behalf of the Workers' Party, fully endorsed this principle in his speech and I take the opportunity to congratulate him on his election as Secretary-General of the Workers' Party. But constructive politics is not just the domain of Members of Parliament and political leaders. All Singaporeans have a part to play. We need to ensure that the environment of trust and respect that exists between our people and political leaders will continue whilst political leaders remain fully accountable to our people for their actions at all times. Everyone has a responsibility to ensure this. If the environment turns toxic, and we are seeing warning signs of this in the digital space, I fear that the repercussion will be that it will be more difficult to attract people with ability and the heart to step up, enter politics, become our 5G leaders and beyond.[+7 sentences] They, their parents, their spouses may feel it is just too much of a sacrifice for them individually and for their families. This will be dangerous as, in the end, we will not be able to build a strong foundation for the future, which was referred to by Minister Chan Chun Sing in his speech yesterday. Our nation will then suffer consequently. So, together, in and outside this House, we need to work together to make sure that our politics remains constructive. In conclusion, our 4G leaders deserve the full support of this House in implementing the Government's agenda as outlined in the President's Address. I wish them well in forging the bonds of trust with our people. I also wish them every success in their endeavour to ensure that Singapore remains, in the words of our President, "an exceptional nation".
Mr Deputy Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Asst Prof Mahdev Mohan.
Asst Prof Mahdev Mohan (Nominated Member)902 words
[+5 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, we have heard over the past two days from many in the House that when it comes to innovation, there is no such thing as the status quo. You either improve or you decline, relative to every other country. And sitting in a comfort zone in the corner for too long will prove costly. Most Singaporeans, including myself, would accept and would not argue with this logic. Our country's innovation journey has often been framed as a national fight for survival. Singaporeans know or have been taught that our "small" low-lying island state has been confronted by "big" macro-economic constraints and problems. But as we enter the next stage, the President has asked us to stand ready to "go for bold changes, and not merely to tweak things at the margins".[+11 sentences] As the Government unveils new polices over this week and recognises Singapore's undeniable successes, there are points that ought to be addressed as we go forward. Mr Deputy Speaker, allow me to highlight three points. First, while Singapore can attract talent and build an ecosystem of entrepreneurs, investors, corporations and research institutes, some might say that we, nonetheless, lag behind in the culture of risk-taking. Minister Chan Chun Sing said yesterday that international exposure is key for tertiary students. I would agree, but I hope that this quest for learning, learning from others' stories of successes and failures can start at an even earlier stage, pre-tertiary, and then continue with a devoted commitment to lifelong learning. Before founding Alibaba and becoming a multi-billionaire, Mr Jack Ma failed his college entrance exams twice. He failed to then get into Harvard which he applied for 10 times. He proceeded to be rejected from dozens of jobs and I would sheepishly admit, as an academic and educator, that we are often accustomed to not looking beyond the grades that one is awarded. But how wrong I would have been had Mr Ma gone for his education within our system, if I had this simplistic bias. Simplistic to think that grades alone would determine someone's professional identity. As a nation, we should strive to ensure that our education systems and our educators allow our entrepreneurs-in-waiting to thrive and, importantly, to never feel ashamed by any failures they experienced. My fellow Nominated Members of Parliament and I look forward to working closely with MOE as we prepare to propose, hopefully in the coming months, a Motion that underscores the importance and future of education, of tertiary and lifelong education and even preschool education, to explore what different successes entail.[+2 sentences] And, as Minister Ong Ye Kung very articulately expressed, the various dimensions or the four dimensions of inequality and how we could actually try to overcome any barriers that we would face. That is the first point, Mr Deputy Speaker. Second, just as Singaporeans must be faced always or be prepared to face brutal and hard truths, the Government, I dare say, should acknowledge inconvenient ones as well. I asked this in specific regard to the attention that I think we should pay to Singaporeans' mental well-being, particularly when the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) has noted that there has been a 20% increase since 2010 in the number of outpatient medical cases that relate to clinical depression, alcohol abuse and obsessive compulsive disorders.[+8 sentences] These afflictions, Mr Deputy Speaker, do not affect only vulnerable adult persons. Singaporeans should be encouraged to talk about their mental health. They should be given the resources, skills and language that they need in order to take action to overcome mental health issues. The Labour Movement, which we heard from through several speakers earlier, should be mindful that as we ask the workforce to ensure that professional standards and targets never slip, the people are nonetheless given the time to take better care of themselves, take some time off and take care of their mental and physical well-being. If I may just use a metaphor that Minister Ng Chee Meng used earlier, it is not just to plug, train and play. I would say it would be to plug, train, play, recharge, maintain and then play. Finally, Mdm President emphasised the importance of family, Mr Deputy Speaker. She said, movingly, that the Government should provide more support to young families and make Singapore a great place to have children, help families cope with the cost of living and enable persons with disabilities to lead a full and active life. I note the emphasis on family, fairness and equality. I hope that we will revisit what is important for the average Singaporean family to reassure them that Singapore is not only a hub for innovation but, first and always, a home, a safe space where their diverse voices are heard, a place where different views can be debated and could inform future policy and perhaps even allow us to re-evaluate certain policy out-of-bounds markers that are unrelated to national defence and security.[+1 sentence] The next generation of Singaporeans, if my students are anything to go by, Mr Deputy Speaker, want to be included and involved at every stage. The message that we give them matters and their trust is hard won at every stage. They accept all aspects of our national pledge but, beyond prosperity and progress, this group of perhaps 5G Singaporeans, places a high premium on the pursuit of happiness, Mr Deputy Speaker.[+1 sentence] With that, I support the Motion.
Mr Deputy Speaker10 words
[+2 sentences]Miss Cheng Li Hui is not here. Mr Zaqy Mohamad.
The Minister of State for National Development and Manpower (Mr Zaqy Mohamad)17 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Miss Cheng Li Hui is here. Would you like for her to go first?
Mr Deputy Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]You can go first.
Mr Zaqy Mohamad2759 words
[+11 sentences]I would like to touch on two points that the President raised in her Address – developing a vibrant economy while preparing our workers for it, as well as building an inclusive Singapore which leaves no one behind. We are structuring our economy in a world of rapid change – shorter technology cycles, automation, digitisation. These trends are causing disruptions but also creating opportunities. At the same time, we are also facing greater competition due to globalisation, as other economies around the world also restructure and adapt to the changes. Having just joined the Government from industry, I see businesses all over the world coping to adapt to the changing global landscape, as trade flows, automation and other factors, such as Brexit, come into play. Companies are transforming to provide differentiated products and services, and also to be more productive as they come under cost pressures. So, they are constantly evaluating options. While Singapore has done well economically to attract businesses here and created an environment where our local companies can also thrive in this international hub, our next phase of development has to go beyond just creating a vibrant and attractive business environment. As we help companies transform, we cannot just look at automation or process transformation without helping our workers to stay relevant and agile to cope with the changes. We must ensure that as companies change, the quality of jobs get better. Change should not just be about lowering costs, which would run counter to our productivity and quality goals. As companies make big decisions in restructuring, we cannot let Singaporean workers suffer the fallout. Therefore, our national agenda must be to help companies transform and create better quality jobs for our workers so that they can compete internationally.[+12 sentences] Singapore needs to provide the best business environment and secure the best talent. If our companies do well to transform and grow, our workers will be able to take up quality jobs and earn better salaries. However, this is easier said than done because it also means getting our policies right and helping every worker develop an agile mindset. Sir, I agree with Members Ng Chee Meng and Patrick Tay in their speeches that we must help our workers improve their skills and productivity. Sir, I was most recently working in Ernst and Young, a professional services firm. While Ernst and Young has a wide range of capabilities to serve its clients, it is best known for its audit services, and a large part of its workforce provides audit services to clients. Most of such work is statutory, as companies need to comply with audit regulations. However, its clients are also under cost pressures to reduce compliance costs. As more and more financial systems today are run by software, analytics have in recent years been introduced to make audits more efficient and effective. However, even more recently, many audit firms have been exploring the use of AI that can crawl through data a lot more quickly and perform basic audit functions which auditors spend many hours doing traditionally. The accounting profession, one of the oldest professions around, finds itself evolving. Even highly-trained professionals are not spared from disruption, and they, too, need to evolve and develop deeper domain skills, be proficient in data analytics and adapt to higher order skillsets in order to be relevant to boards and other clients. Otherwise, AI could make many auditors redundant, if the profession does not evolve.[+6 sentences] So, no matter which sector or occupation we are in, we cannot afford to insulate ourselves from change. Change will happen. We will have to adapt to change and disruption and position ourselves to benefit from the opportunities that it brings. The changes that we see around us are not just transforming the content of jobs, but also the employment norms and working arrangements. In many developed countries, companies are turning to contingent workers and retaining only a small core of permanent staff, so that their workforce can ramp up or ramp down quickly with business cycles. In these countries, the notion of traditional permanent employment is fracturing, that long-term employer-employee relationships are becoming less common, and workers face more uncertainty as a result. In Singapore, we have not seen this happening in a big way. The share of contingent workers has remained quite stable over time.[+8 sentences] This is because we have taken care to keep our labour market policies tight and flexible, so that permanent employment remains available to those whose seek it. Even so, in Singapore, we are seeing gradual shifts away from the idea of lifetime employment. Workers are more likely than before to work for multiple employers in their lifetime, and experience more frequent and fluid career transitions. While some workers do so voluntarily in search of better opportunities, others are forced to do so due to displacement from technological advancements, economic restructuring or business cycles. I have met many residents going through such changes, so I know that this is not a simple challenge. It is easy to be overwhelmed by the pace of change. That is why, even as we take personal responsibility in charting our careers and adapting to change, the Government also has a role to play in helping workers manage uncertainty, and to build confidence – confidence to adapt to the changing environment, and confidence that Government schemes and policies will support them through uncertain times. To do so, we must make our economy vibrant, keep our labour market responsive and ensure that our support systems are inclusive. A key pillar for our economy is the ITMs, which lay out industry-wide economic restructuring plans and identify growth opportunities. For example, in the built environment sector, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has formulated a master plan for the development of integrated construction and prefabrication hubs (ICPH). These are high-density manufacturing facilities that are land-efficient, highly automated and manpower-lean, and they support the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) by producing prefabricated construction elements that help replace labour-intensive construction methods.[+1 sentence] By driving the adoption of prefabrication and automating the production process, these hubs significantly improve the productivity of the construction industry. Another practice that BCA does is to publish the pipeline of projects requiring DfMA technologies so that firms can plan their resources accordingly.[+5 sentences] This is important as the ITMs cannot just be plans on paper that are disconnected from the needs of companies on the ground. We have to make the ITMs relevant for both companies and individuals, as Member Zainal Sapari had spoken earlier. Companies can then better understand industry developments and plan ahead for future opportunities, while workers know what skills to pick up. I also agree with Member Heng Chee How that this would be especially useful for older workers. Apart from making the ITMs relevant, we should also speed up the pace of adoption of ITMs so that industry transformation will not lag global industry developments. Industry transformation applies not just to the big players in the industry, but also to our SMEs, which can tap on the Lean Enterprise Development Scheme to invest in productivity.[+13 sentences] We want all our companies to transform and grow amid the restructuring economy, and to remain agile to opportunities, including opportunities overseas. Agile companies need an agile workforce. This is something that I have seen in the private sector. Many companies are based in Singapore because of our highly skilled and adaptable workforce. We must maintain that as a competitive advantage. As the economy transforms, we must keep our workforce relevant, responsive and flexible. Sir, our Professional Conversion Programmes (PCPs) support this by helping workers to upskill and to move across sectors or take on new job roles within the same sector. Take, for example, Mr Shawn Koh, who works as a senior engineer in SembCorp Marine. Shawn does engineering design in the Engineering and Instrumentation Department. He was previously working more on oil-related offshore projects, but when SembCorp Marine saw an opportunity to further penetrate the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) markets, Shawn was selected to go through the PCP for Marine Engineers which was offered by Workforce Singapore. This gave him the technical skills to now take on gas-related projects as well. These new skills are taken into consideration when it comes to his promotion and career progression. The PCPs exemplify how companies can tap on Government support to prepare the workforce for new opportunities while also allowing workers like Shawn to stay relevant and pick up new skills. The PCPs are part of the Adapt and Grow (A&G) initiative, which supports agility and adaptability.[+21 sentences] This is especially important for our mid-career and mature workers, some of whom face greater difficulty finding jobs after being displaced, as shared by some Members in this House earlier. A&G schemes like the PCP and the Career Support Programme help to address mismatches in skills and wage expectations, thus boosting labour market mobility and agility. The A&G programmes have been ramped up over the past few years, and I believe that such interventions are crucial in this phase of transformation. And even as we have been doing much on this front, we can continue to do better to help workers adapt to the changing environment to transit into new and good careers. At the same time, for our workforce to be agile, we must continue to be open to foreign manpower that complement our local workforce. Our foreign workforce policy is guided by three objectives. First, to calibrate foreign manpower growth to spur restructuring and productivity-led growth. Second, to enhance the quality of the foreign workforce, so that we can do more with less. Third, to provide flexibilities for emerging business needs. Sir, as Member Foo Mee Har has pointed out yesterday, we need to enable businesses to meet their manpower needs, and I agree with this, especially in growth areas, where our companies face a shortage of skilled local workers. While most foreign specialists with skills-in-demand should be able to meet our prevailing work pass criteria, MOM is working with the economic agencies to provide selective flexibility for those who may be unable to qualify for work passes. In addition, we can tap on these foreign specialists to develop our local capabilities. The Capability Transfer Programme announced earlier this year helps to facilitate the transfer of capabilities from foreign specialists to local workers, so that our workforce can be equipped with leading-edge competencies. Sir, the President also spoke about inclusion and how we have seen income inequality widen the social divide in other countries. In this fast-changing environment, the fruits of growth are sometimes unevenly distributed. I share similar concerns with many Singaporeans over income inequality, in particular for our lower-wage workers. Over the past five years, the real income of full-time employed Singaporeans grew faster at the 20th percentile than the median. However, we must continue our efforts to uplift our low-wage workers to bridge any divide and help them support their families better. In order to improve wages in a sustainable manner, we must work to improve the productivity of our workers and companies. Sir, Workfare helps lower-income workers build up their retirement savings and supplements their income. More importantly, it provides them opportunities to upskill and become more employable. The Progressive Wage Model (PWM) enables lower-wage workers in the cleaning, security and landscaping sectors to earn higher wages in a sustainable way.[+5 sentences] Lower-wage workers in these sectors have a clear progression pathway, which sets out how they can enjoy wage increases as they upgrade their skills, take on new responsibilities, and improve their productivity. For example, Mdm Farah Aqil started off as a cleaner with NAFA Systems Service Pte Ltd about 10 years ago. At that time, she earned about $750 a month. Over the years, she accepted the need to upskill herself, operate new machinery, and take on supervisory responsibilities. As her skills were upgraded and productivity improved, she moved up the PWM wage and job ladder. Today, she is a Cleaning Supervisor and earns a salary that is more than double what she used to earn. PWM, which was initiated by the Labour Movement and supported by the tripartite partners, has benefited more than 70,000 resident workers in the cleaning, security and landscaping sectors. As we review extending PWM to other sectors, we will continue to need the strong partnership of unions and employers.[+19 sentences] I am glad that Minister Ng Chee Meng earlier shared the same view. So, I hope that the unions and employers will continue to make a tangible difference for our workers. Mr Deputy Speaker, I will continue my speech in Malay, please. (In Malay): : Changes and disruption are nothing new in this rapidly changing world. Over the years, the changes that we faced, whether in terms of education, career or businesses, have become the norm. However, in these last few years, the scale is bigger and faster, involving the entire sector and affecting every citizen. Looking at the business world, we have already seen how the trend of budget airlines has become more prevalent and affected the bottom line of the major airlines. But one positive benefit from that wind of change, among many others, is that it allowed more people to enjoy air transport, apart from opening more career opportunities for pilots, cabin crew as well as engineers and technicians. It has also added vibrancy to the tourism sector. Perhaps many of us still remember the introduction of the one-man-operation (OMO) buses in the 1980s, which are buses that have only one operator each, that is, the bus driver, and do not need any bus conductor to collect fares. When this system was introduced, there was a lot of outreach efforts being done to help the public adapt to this new operation, which was more productive and manpower-lean. In other careers, professionals like doctors, engineers and architects need to constantly upgrade themselves with the most current knowledge in their respective fields to remain relevant. Rank-and-file workers like technicians and delivery workers also need to supplement themselves with technological skills. A degree alone is not enough now without having expertise, experience and knowledge that require constant upgrading. In fact, there are more opportunities to progress for those without a university degree, based on their abilities and experience. Our way is to ensure that every member of society receives quality education. For those left behind, we need to give them hope and guidance to further improve themselves. The importance of knowledge and education cannot be dismissed, whether an individual aspires to be an entrepreneur or a worker. Education is the basic foundation for our future. Coincidentally, yesterday, Minister Masagos Zulkifli announced my appointment as the deputy chairman of MENDAKI.[+3 sentences] I am grateful to be handed this responsibility. I am certain that self-help bodies like MENDAKI can help at the various levels of education and upgrading requirements, especially for the disadvantaged, so that we can close the gap between the successful ones and the less successful. Without workers who are educated and equipped with skills, entrepreneurs and businesses would not be able to function well and sharpen their competitive edge. Going forward, my fellow Malay Members of Parliament and I will review and monitor the overall effort and strategies that will benefit even more members of our community, in terms of education as well as skills upgrading.[+13 sentences] We will also explore the best ways to help entrepreneurs enhance their potential. These inclusive and collective efforts require everyone to work together, and I hope that such an approach will further motivate the needy to improve themselves. Most importantly, we must help open up opportunities and give hope to everyone. (In English): The 4G leadership must evolve and strengthen our social compact with Singaporeans. It must be our moral responsibility to build a Singaporean Core in our workforce. It must also be our moral responsibility to create better quality jobs that our workers can access and earn better incomes. Our operating environment is uncertain and evolving. It poses challenges, but also opportunities, and the only way for us to tap on these opportunities is to position ourselves to adapt to the changing environment and to move forward together, inclusively. I am excited to be part of this new team and will try to contribute the best I can. There is no better privilege than to serve the nation. I will continue to do my utmost for our country and serve the needs and aspirations of Singaporeans. Thank you very much, Deputy Speaker, Sir. I support the Motion.
Mr Deputy Speaker22 words
[+3 sentences]Miss Cheng, would your speech be longer than eight minutes? If it is, I would like to move the extension. Eight minutes.
Miss Cheng Li Hui (Tampines)1265 words
[+10 sentences]Deputy Speaker, Sir, Mdm President’s inaugural Address laid out several important concepts and our 4G leaders’ philosophy on good governance and leadership. She has also said, “Singaporeans want to live in a fair and just society, one based on meritocracy, but at the same time strives to leave no one behind.” This is the crux of the topic I want to raise today. Education has been a key driver of social mobility. Our successful transition to a knowledge-based economy within one generation has been a direct result of our education policies. But more importantly, education has levelled the playing field for families with varying resources, allowing children of all backgrounds the potential to rise to the best of their abilities. Looking at the horizon, we can do better to ensure education continues to be an enabler of social mobility. The setting up of MOE Kindergartens is a big step in the right direction. Access to quality preschool education will ensure children from disadvantaged families would not be deprived of foundational learning prior to formal primary school education. However, most help is needed for disadvantaged children from the lowest income group. On the Early Childhood Development Agency's (ECDA’s) website, it states that a child must meet the minimum attendance of one day per month in order to receive the Kindergarten Fee Assistance Scheme (KIFAS) subsidies. Teachers feedback to me that they have had to persuade some parents to send their children to school regularly, beyond the minimum one-day requirement.[+3 sentences] There are obviously families out there that, for reasons of their own, do not see the importance of their children going to preschool. How can a child focus on learning and keep on par with the others if they do not attend school regularly? When these disadvantaged children start compulsory education at Primary 1 and realise that they lag behind the rest of their classmates, it discourages them and generates a sense of low self-esteem and other disruptive notions. This lack of foundation leads to a vicious cycle, right from the very start. I would, therefore, like to urge MOE to legislate to make preschool studies part of compulsory education for all children.[+3 sentences] Parents must recognise the importance of foundational learning and make every reasonable effort to give their children a complete preschool education. It is commonly regarded that Singapore’s education system is world-class. However, I see a dark cloud looming over the horizon – elitism amongst the school children and apathy towards others. A recent survey by the Institute of Policy Studies shows that children from so-called “elite” schools tend to socialise exclusively with others who went to similar schools.[+12 sentences] Even though there are existing opportunities, such as the Outward Bound School (OBS) for students of different backgrounds and schools to mix, we must do more to reduce these artificial "class" barriers that have been built. For a start, schools in the same cluster can conduct their co-curricular activities (CCAs) and related trainings together, to encourage social mixing. Such partnerships among schools should be made formal, and students will have the opportunities to build more established friendships based upon passion and common interests with their peers in other schools. In my own youth, my secondary school, which was highly regarded in my neighbourhood, shared a common field, facilities and CCAs groups, like the Marching Band, with a neighbouring school of lesser fame. We made friends and played games like basketball and volleyball together. I would like to encourage more of such cases, so that students can transcend the social divide and bring down barriers of class. Deputy Speaker, Sir, while our education system continues to mould our younger generation in their formative years to have grit, determination and the drive to achieve, we must not neglect the softer side of education, specifically, empathy. It is a hugely important issue that I cannot emphasise enough of. In today’s high-tech, fast-changing world, we tend to favour communicating via devices over engaging personally in person. This results in a certain apathy towards others as we lose that human touch. Empathy is an essential skill that can help to strengthen relationships, understand the perspectives of others and make our society more gracious. We need to start bringing back this specific skill to our young, via our education system. My suggestion is to enhance our Character and Citizenship Education (CCE) and Social Studies.[+10 sentences] The current syllabus focuses on the classroom and the imparting of theoretical knowledge. While that is important, we must give students practical opportunities to impart empathy, getting them to walk the talk. Schools can adopt a kindergarten, old folks' home, voluntary welfare organisation or pet shelters in their neighborhoods. The students will be responsible to help run the facility, the programmes, engage the residents or helpers so that they can learn the responsibility of caring and attending to the needs of others. I am heartened to know that a group of 10 university students who clock their Community Involvement Programme (CIP) in their secondary school in an old folks' home continue to take the 6.00 am train every Saturday to the same home in which they were volunteering then. I believe we can seed the caring heart of the next generation. On higher learning. Last weekend, at our Tampines East ITE Edusave Award Ceremony, I shared the story of one of my colleagues in my company. Chris started working for my company at age 16. She started as an hourly paid admin assistant. When she did not get into the course she wanted in polytechnic, we offered her a permanent job as HR assistant. Through the years of her employment, the company sent her for courses and she now holds a Diploma in Business Management, and Workforce Skills Qualification (WSQ) HR-related certificates. Ten years on, she is now 27, and a HR manager in a subsidiary of 300-strong.[+1 sentence] She is not the only one taking the path less travelled. Another lady told me she scored 199 for her PSLE, failed English at GCE "O" levels and dropped out of an engineering course in polytechnic. She worked and did a part-time accountancy course and, today, aged 28, she is doing well in the company and recently bought a condominium.[+12 sentences] We must continue to ensure our young have different pathways to success and the necessary environment to achieve their aspirations. A D7 grade in English should not be a death sentence for someone who is passionate about Accountancy or Chinese Studies. No one must be left behind due to our stringent education system. I am glad that there are so many examples of people today who have not travelled the typical journey and have made it. But each time the story is framed around the immense challenges they had to overcome. I wonder if more of such successes could be had, if we had a more inclusive education system, especially targeting those of the lower-income group who have the least family support and most difficult challenges. Deputy Speaker, Sir, Singapore has built a world-class education system from scratch and, because of that, we have been able to navigate the uncertain seas and come out better than before. Education will continue to be one of the most important factors to affect Singapore’s future, giving our young the right skills, tools and knowledge to chart their futures. It is imperative that we continue to educate and mould our future generation to be ready for the world, and for their future. Not just with technical knowledge and skills, but also with an empathetic heart and soul. Thank you, Sir. I support the Motion.
Mr Deputy Speaker9 words
[+3 sentences]Order. It is 7.00 pm. Well done, Miss Cheng!
[+2 sentences]. (proc text)] [(proc text) 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which she delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the Second Session of this Parliament.'." – .(proc text)] 1.30 pm
Er Dr Lee Bee Wah (Nee Soon)1786 words
[+7 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, Chinese, please. (In Mandarin): The President said in her speech that Singapore has entered the next phase of development. In the past, we can learn from other countries and catch up with them. We are now facing many complex challenges. There are no clear solutions. Other countries are also exploring. I believe that, when faced with these challenges, the Government and the people must work together to find solutions. Take the transformation of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) for example. It is said that "it is difficult to start a business, but to stay in business is even more difficult." We can add one more sentence: "Transformation is the most difficult." How SMEs transform will be a major challenge. The new Enterprise Singapore, after helping SMEs to transform, must pay close attention to their development.[+13 sentences] SMEs must also proactively seek to change. The mindset of the whole country must change as well. The Government, large enterprises and individuals should take our SMEs into consideration when making purchases. In the area of education, many countries are still exploring how to teach according to the students’ aptitude, while upholding education standards and fairness. In Singapore, we have tried many different methods. Our education system has been evolving constantly from our generation, our children’s generation to our grandchildren’s generation. Parents should not just focus on academic performances. They should also encourage their children to participate in co-curricular activities (CCAs) which interest them. Perhaps that particular CCA may well be the key to their future success. I hope parents and the schools can work together to find a more suitable education method for each child. Another issue is old infrastructure. When are they going to be revamped? When are the designs going to be upgraded? For example, can we include the Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats built after 1986 into the Home Improvement Programme (HIP)?[+3 sentences] The population in Yishun is increasing and there are more and more young families. Can we rebuild the older gymnasium and the swimming pool into a sports complex with swimming facilities for children to have fun in? Tampines has Our Tampines Hub; Bedok has the Bedok Integrated Complex; Woodlands has Kampong Admiralty. After talking about it for so many years, I wonder when Yishun residents can have the pleasure of having a Nee Soon Hub or Nee Soon Integrated Complex or Kampong Nee Soon.[+23 sentences] I hope the relevant authorities can heed Minister Ng Chee Meng’s call yesterday, "We hear you, we are with you, together we will make it real." We look forward to the day when we "make it real". As Members of Parliament, we often need to deal with cleaning or neighbourhood dispute issues. More often than not, these issues cannot be solved by the relevant authorities alone. Whoever started the trouble should end it. It takes the parties involved to make compromises and shoulder part of the responsibilities. In this area, we need to work harder. There are no standard answers for the above questions. Members of Parliament, public servants or the Government must continue to listen to the views of Singaporeans and work out workable solutions together. (In English): Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise to put my vote of thanks to the President for delivering a speech that not only inspires but points us to the direction that we must collectively work towards in the coming years. Our next generation of Ministers are all lined up and ready to run the next lap. And we are fortunate to have a system where there is an orderly handover of the torch, so that the flame continues to burn. May I take this opportunity to congratulate the 4G team on their appointments and we would like to thank all those Ministers who have retired. Mr Speaker, I am confident that together we can build Singapore as a good example of a democratic and multiracial society. As I look back the past weeks, the milestone events from the Select Committee hearings to the appointment of new office-bearers would doubtless show our resolve to continue with the way we have been running our country, in the best interest of our people – that is the Singapore way, whatever the naysayers may be hooting. Unlike them, we are proud to be Singaporeans. Unlike them, we do not set sail in the same boat with the likes of Sinbad the Sailor. We do not believe in “whatever will be will be”. We believe in charting the right course after taking all the relevant readings on the compass. Let me turn to a hot topic when parents get together – education. Regardless of which school your children go to, as long as they are happy, they learn, they make good friends, they are in good schools. All schools have the same core syllabus and the teachers and principals are rotated around. Not every school can be like Raffles Institution (RI) or Raffles Girls’ School (RGS). I agreed with hon Member Miss Cheryl Chan that what is more important is character building, good moral values and whether the children can be contributing positively to the family, society and country. I am indeed very pleased that our Education Minister had assured in the Addendum that his Ministry would continue to strengthen its focus on Character and Citizenship Education (CCE) and enhance Values-in-Action programmes.[+17 sentences] We have been very bold in the past few years in tweaking our education system to put less stress on our students and introduce experiential learning. Many of the new ideas introduced are commendable. Students do not just go to school to gain knowledge. They are also exposed to community service, there is a lot more outdoor learning, and even at the ITEs, polytechnics and universities, they are put on internships. These would greatly help to build up a talent pool of thinking and adaptable people as they stream into the job market. All these efforts in producing a new generation of young people. I think our country may not have seen the full impact of this new learning because many of the students are still studying, and the numbers that have gotten into the job market is still small. But I have seen many who come to help me in my Meet-the-People sessions and I must say they are impressive. As we take steps to move away from the very staid and rigid old system of education, we as parents must also give encouragement to our children and assure them that the school that they are in is a good school. Next, I want to ask that we as a community would have to move forward with confidence. We need to discard the “kiasu” mentality. So, we do not have to go around “chope-ing” seats, rushing into trains, or pretending not to notice that you are taking up the seats meant for the elderly and pregnant women in the train. We need to learn to be more gracious. Yes, graciousness is something that we all can adopt. It is within our means to achieve. Let me share with you my encounters. We have a children playground in a private estate in Nee Soon South and it is very popular among children, especially in the evenings. Recently, a man brought his dog to the playground and used the children's playground equipment to train his dog. Many parents were very unhappy; some emailed me.[+2 sentences] They said, "This is not correct! A children's playground should be for kids! It is very unhygienic." On the other hand, the man with the dog said, "Why not?" Which NPark Act says that he cannot use the playground equipment to train his dog? Another example is that of a man who smokes in his home.[+14 sentences] The smoke drifted to the unit upstairs. The man living in the unit upstairs was not happy. So, they had some friction. The man who smokes said, "I have all the right to smoke in my own home". The man living upstairs said, "I have all the right to have clean air and to protect my health and my family members' health." So, if everyone argues like the two examples above, where do we go from here? Can we be more considerate and show compassion for others? Are we too quick to point fingers at others? Have we ever paused to think if we are doing enough for our community, our environment and our nation? Can we make the bold change in behaviour, attitudes and so on for the next lap so that we can together have a stake in building up the gracious Singapore? Help the less privileged and those with special needs so that they too can participate. So, when introducing new policies please ask how this will help to bring down the barriers and let people mix together, irrespective of economic class, race or religion. We must review what we have done and look at where we must improve, for example, our SMEs. Are we not able to do more for SMEs? Can we help them to build their track records and bring them overseas? We have a few strong Singaporean companies such as the banks – DBS, UOB, OCBC – and we have airlines like Singapore Airlines (SIA), Scoot, SilkAir, and others such as Keppel Corp, CapitaLand and so forth. But we need to grow more of such "Singapore Inc." to boost our economic growth.[+13 sentences] We need to stay relevant to the world. Leadership is never so challenged as it is in today’s world. The need for us to adjust to meet the changed social environment has been a long time coming. We will build on the foundations laid down by our pioneers who have set the ground. We need to continue to work hard which is our virtue, perhaps harder than our founding generation as the world is changing at very fast pace. In doing so, we must exercise good judgement and not discard what is working just for the sake of being bold. We must get some basics right such as getting our society to be more gracious and more considerate. To accept that we live in a closely-knit community, this initiative and effort must begin with us. We see very conflicting demands from different people, each with different ideas and each claiming they have their rights to this and that. If we do not start to address this "your right and my right" issue, the narrative will separate people. It will metastasise like cancer cells. It will wreck our society. We must act now if we do not want to be known as "a one divided country with divided hearts". 1.46 pm
Dr Chia Shi-Lu (Tanjong Pagar)1458 words
[+5 sentences]Mr Speaker, I join other hon Members in expressing my support for the Motion of Thanks to the President for her Address. To heed the President's call for us to forge a cohesive, caring and inclusive society, particularly for our seniors, I would like to take this opportunity to raise three ideas about how we can smoothen some of the bumps and ripples in our healthcare landscape and to remove some of the friction where it is not needed, so as to promote more equal access to medical services. As my following comments do concern some adjustments of a fiscal nature, I would like to declare my interest currently as a medical practitioner in a public healthcare institution. First, let me talk about MediSave. I would like to propose that we think once again and hard about further liberalising the use of MediSave in a bolder and more decisive manner. Over the years, I and many others within this House have called for the liberalisation of MediSave use, in particular for outpatient treatments.[+6 sentences] The Ministry of Health (MOH) has certainly done very much in this regard, by introducing and expanding many schemes such as the Chronic Disease Management Programme (CDMP) and, more recently, the Flexi-MediSave Programme. They have also allowed greater use of MediSave for medical scans, and so on. These measures are effective but can be complex and, at times, may be too restrictive. The concern, of course, and it is something we all appreciate, is that too loose a policy on MediSave withdrawals could lead to an earlier depletion of our accounts, leaving nothing for us to rely on in later years when medical needs and expenses could be greater. However, I am not sure that this worry is always necessarily well founded. If you look at the statistics over the past few years, the mean MediSave account balances among Singaporeans have been increasing steadily, and a significant number do pass on with remaining balances of fairly appreciable amount in their accounts. For some Singaporeans with multiple chronic diseases or whose illnesses cannot be adequately controlled by medicines on the Standard Medication list, the out-of-pocket cash outlay for medical treatment, even at polyclinics and with Pioneer Generation (PG) benefits, can still remain quite high due to the current utilisation limits on MediSave.[+1 sentence] I would like to propose that Singaporeans who are above the retirement age be allowed to pay for a greater amount of their subsidised outpatient treatment costs at Government clinics using their MediSave. Perhaps, as a start, up to 80% of the expenses, and this can be adjusted as needs arise. This should be subject to a doctor's certification. Such a move would not change matters for the majority of elderly patients, for whom the current chronic disease withdrawal limit of $400 and the Flexi MediSave limit of $200 would already more than adequately covered 80% of their annual outpatient treatment costs.[+16 sentences] But it could make a meaningful difference to the elderly with multiple or less common conditions requiring more specialised and expensive medications, or who require more medical investigations to better manage their conditions. Presently, for a patient who has exceeded his MediSave claims limits and who finds it challenging to pay the remainder in cash, he or she has a few options. One, he can appeal to the Ministry to withdraw more from his MediSave. Two, he can apply to the Medication Assistance Fund and other welfare schemes. Or three, he or she could just simply choose to forego treatment or to forgo some of the treatment in excess of what he is willing to pay for in cash. Allowing for greater MediSave withdrawal in these cases can help a patient avoid trying the welfare route, which ultimately adds to public expenditures, and also encourage compliance with treatment. If the patient follows on with treatment, then the future consequences of his condition, if left improperly managed or sub-optimally managed, would be less and the eventual costs to both the patient and society would ultimately be lower. I am of the opinion that further loosening of the MediSave purse strings would not lead to over-servicing or over-consumption. I would like to remark that we are talking about patients here who are adhering to treatment protocols that a public service doctor has deemed to be necessary and who has to certify that it is necessary without a cheaper alternative. There also remains an element of co-payment. Our treatment management schemes have been strengthened over the past few years. For example, agencies such as the Agency for Care Effectiveness (ACE) are now putting in place guidelines about what constitutes effective treatment and what is not. The introduction of the PG package, for instance, a few years ago, with very generous benefits, has also not led to worrying levels of over-consumption or over-servicing within the public healthcare system thus far. Second, I think it is just and right that the Government has been absorbing the GST charged to subsidised medical services in public healthcare institutions for many years now, at considerable cost to the Ministry. We are also trying, of course, to shift our model of care beyond the hospital and back to the community by strengthening our primary healthcare networks. While the majority of hospital care is now provided for by public hospitals, the majority of Singaporeans still choose to visit their family doctors or general practitioners (GPs), rather than polyclinics, for their primary care needs. The CHAS and PG schemes have helped to deliver Government subsidies to our family doctors and have strengthened general practice through the reduction of market distortions due to larger subsidies received by polyclinic patients. I believe we can do even more in this field, or in this regard, and I would like to consider or for us to think about potentially exempting primary healthcare services from the Goods and Services Tax (GST).[+2 sentences] This would be a major deviation from our GST framework, which favours a flat system with later reliefs or Government transfers. Philosophically, I realise this is a slippery slope, but in practical terms it would be very much in keeping with the intent of current policy that already absorbs GST from subsidised healthcare services. Removing this consumption tax from all primary healthcare services could nudge more patients back to family doctors or GPs for care, and encourage compliance with treatment and follow-up, by reducing costs.[+6 sentences] I wish to emphasise that this suggestion refers only to primary care services and not for hospital or other types of medical care. I also appreciate that, at present, most solo practices, for instance, are not GST-registered. But with the emergence of more group practices and with the increasing cost of healthcare, the number of healthcare providers that need to pay GST may increase in the future. What constitutes a provider of primary healthcare services can be defined and licensed, and this is also an issue that can perhaps be addressed when we debate the Healthcare Services Act later this year. I appreciate that there will be issues with the implementation of such a scheme, but I certainly believe that it merits consideration. Lastly, a little bit about insurance coverage. The introduction of MediShield Life, which provides universal health insurance or coverage for Singaporeans, marked a proud day for Singapore’s healthcare system, exemplifying the caring and inclusive society that President Mdm Halimah Yacob spoke of.[+2 sentences] Although a hallmark of MediShield Life is that no one is excluded, including those with pre-existing conditions, like virtually all medical insurance systems, there remain some gaps. For instance, I would like to draw your attention to two areas. First, with regard to pregnancy-related complications; and, second, about conditions related to mental health. These are still not covered under MediShield Life when hospitalisation is required. I believe that we should consider expanding coverage to these conditions as well.[+1 sentence] We have been strongly encouraging parenthood and it would serve as greater assurance to would-be parents that the mother’s medical care can be covered in the uncommon instances of complications related to the pregnancy. We have also been slowly but significantly expanding our support for mental health, even as the disease burden inches up within our community. I hope that when MediShield Life is reviewed, consideration can be given to expand coverage to some, if not all, mental health-related hospitalisations.[+4 sentences] We have come a long way; we have passed 50 years successfully as an Independent nation, and we are now moving on to 200 years after the founding of Singapore. We now have a new generation of Singaporeans and Singaporean leaders that will steer us towards SG100. It is my hope that our healthcare system remains future-ready, and also friction-free where it counts. I support the Motion. 1.56 pm
Mr Gan Thiam Poh (Ang Mo Kio)1646 words
[+19 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, thank you for allowing me to speak in support of the Motion of Thanks to the President. I was moved when the President reminded us that we are an exceptional country. Sometimes, some of us take our existence, rights and privileges for granted because we compare ourselves with other developed nations of the world. But as we all know, we do not have what they have – no hinterland, no natural resources, not even enough natural sources of water. Due to these insufficiencies, despite our stability, prosperity and progress, anxiety and insecurities about our future surface from time to time. On quite a number of occasions, people I met asked me whether Singapore would be able to continue to survive and if a bright future would remain for our children. One person I met recently asked if Singapore would continue to do well in 20 years’ time. I think citizens all over the world ask themselves similar questions about their nations’ economic and political future, but not questions about their countries’ existence and survival. I do not think any of our ASEAN neighbours have any doubt that their countries will still be around for their future generations, regardless of political turmoil or economic crises. My answer to the question about our existence is another question. What is our raison d'etre? There are many answers to this question, including our roles as a global transportation, commerce and financial hub. It all boils down to our usefulness and relevance to the world. Therefore, as long as we have value, our survival is guaranteed; and when we add value, we thrive. Every generation has to find its own raison d’etre. Because we are so small and there are so few of us, literally, we have to work exceptionally well as a team. In all the best teams, leaders and team members are constantly communicating and updating one another to facilitate the necessary adjustments and corrections. We must keep channels of feedback open and continuously address the issues affecting our people. People have to be able to trust our leadership and Government which must remain honest, have integrity and be free from corruption. Our leaders must exercise fiscal prudence and grow our Reserves, which is absolutely vital for our long-term survival and stability. We need to keep our currency stable and strong to counter imported inflation, so that we will have more levers with which to manage local inflation and cost of living.[+3 sentences] Very importantly, the Government must ensure a fair and equitable system for all, which will assure Singaporeans and motivate everyone to put in his best effort. They will be able to see that there are multiple paths to success and unlimited opportunities. As long as they work hard, they can be assured of upward social mobility. Even better, the Government has put in place a framework to make guidance and assistance available to all, such as SkillsFuture and Adapt and Grow programmes.[+13 sentences] Perhaps the Government can look into providing such guidance and assistance services permanently to Singaporeans. How do we resolve the inherent conflict between meritocracy, which rewards ability, skill and talent, and the resultant income inequality? It is through compassion and inclusiveness. A compassionate community which is inclusive of people from different strata will help to ensure our country’s stability and success. Life is like a marathon. When one of ours trip and fall, we should stop to help him get up again so that we can continue the race together. It is important that our system has values, such as mutual support and cohesiveness. This is the essence of nationhood. In the face of challenges posed by a disruptive innovative economy, we need to ensure that Singaporeans can manage such rapid advancements confidently and leverage upon them for our benefits and life improvement. We shall not be limited by our physical and ability constraints. The disadvantaged can also benefit from technological innovation and get elevated socially. Increasingly, in an integrated globalised economy, opportunities are no longer limited by borders. The cost of living remains one of the key concerns among those I meet. Perhaps it would be good to reach out to every household in the low- and lower-middle income with guidance and assistance in addition to the GST vouchers.[+6 sentences] We have Pioneer Generation offices (PGOs) that did the good job to support those in the PGs. A similar approach could be considered to ensure that such households are assured of attention and assistance by the Government. The Government also needs to keep in tune with the younger generations and ensure that the polices are up to date that could be tailored to meet their aspirations as they are vital to our nation building. We need to continue to strive for real income increase and guard against the rise in cost of living as the impact on the middle- and low-income groups may not be easily eliminated by redistribution through grants and subsidies. The lower income groups are not only affected financially but emotionally and psychologically as well, as they perceive escalating prices pushing items beyond their reach. We have to put in more effort to monitor the challenges faced by our lower-income and middle-income groups closely and policies are updated to ensure that their aspirations are within reach. Perhaps a new scheme or a Household Transformation Map – since we have the Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs), I think we can consider the Household Transformation Maps (HTMs) – in totality of all relevant programmes can be looked at by the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) to reach out to all these families to assist and guide them to achieve their aspirations. This “upward mobility elevator” instead of “poverty elevator” would be a step forward in building a cohesive and progressive nation. There are many good policies and schemes that benefit Singaporeans, for example, our Build-To-Order (BTO) flat prices are pegged against the average income of an income group, there are various housing grants, special employment credit, job credit and various Ministry of Manpower (MOM) schemes to help our workers.[+1 sentence] These should be continued. There could be further think-out-of-the-box approaches for existing policies, for example, to review the existing childcare grant to include parents who have left the workforce temporarily to look after their young children and to grandparents, nannies, or babysitters who help look after the grandchildren or children to support parents to increase the total fertility rate (TFR).[+1 sentence] Our existing public housing policies have been successful and should be preserved. HDB shall remain the key developer of housing for 80% of our population.[+18 sentences] I urge prudence in changing the ratio as it serves Singaporeans well in racial and community harmony while meeting the aspirations and dreams of Singaporeans. HDB should or could challenge its present parameters and further expand the provision of flat types and facilities to meet the higher expectations of Singaporeans while retaining affordability and reach. For example, a new type of flats could perhaps be privately designed with condominium standard or the like but are built and managed by HDB and Town Councils without fences to encourage integration with the other HDB flats around. Sir, I note that condominium Management Corporation Strata Titles (MCSTs) do not allow non-residents to share the facilities with the condominium residents, while HDB residents feel that it is also not fair for condominium residents to use their multi-purpose halls at HDB estates for private functions such as wakes. A fence has divided both worlds apart. It warrants a rethink of the potential impact on the efforts to build a cohesive and inclusive society and preventing widening social impact of income inequity. Sir, in Mandarin, (In Mandarin): Foreigners always attribute Singapore's success to the three characteristics of Singaporeans – "kiasi" (怕死), "kiasu" (怕输), "kiabo"（怕无）. These three characteristics have their pros and cons. They have generated the spirit of perseverance and the drive for progress of our people. However, they also created some problems at the same time. If they are not dealt with appropriately, they can also generate utilitarianism and make people profit-driven and indifferent towards each other. This will hinder our efforts to build an inclusive and united society. I feel we need to redefine what success is. I agree that the Government should broaden the definition of success. Success should not be just about academic achievement and material comfort. It is about lifelong learning. We continue learning as long as we live. We should emphasise skills training, create opportunities for each Singaporean to fulfil his potential and achieve success, thereby building a prosperous society enjoyed by all. Here, I would like to suggest that we further strengthen and broaden the Edusave Progress Award to encourage Singaporeans to improve themselves proactively by giving incentives to lifelong learners.[+8 sentences] Where there is a will, there is way. Even a small step counts. We should turn the three "K"s to three "B"s – “bo kiasi"（不怕死）, "bo kiasu" (不怕输), "bo kia jingzheng" (不怕竞争). In other words, not afraid of dying, not afraid of losing and not afraid of competition. You may remember that during the five-kilometre run in the 2016 Olympics, an American and a New Zealand runner tripped but they helped each other to get up. During the 2017 UK Marathon, a runner, Swansea Harrier Matthew Rees, stopped to help another runner, David Wyeth, to complete the last segment of the run. Both athletes demonstrated great sportsmanship. This is how we should build an inclusive, caring and prosperous society. (In English): Sir, there are many challenges ahead of us with our rapidly ageing population, rising protectionism and the threat of terrorism, just to name a few.[+1 sentence] However, we are descendants of people who had created a miracle island and I am confident that we will be able to overcome these challenges and build a stronger Singapore for our future generations. 2.09 pm
The Senior Minister of State for the Environment and Water Resources and Health (Dr Amy Khor Lean Suan)1902 words
[+8 sentences]Sir, the President spoke eloquently of five thrusts for the Government moving into the future, one of which was to forge a caring and inclusive society, leaving no Singaporean behind. Two approaches to achieve this are: first, tackling inequality by providing the right support to those who need it, such as in skills training and employment; and second, rolling out policies for the growing elderly population, such as helping older workers stay employed. I speak in support of this with special focus on older workers and, especially, baby boomers, and women at the workplace. Let me first declare that I belong to the baby-boomer generation and am, therefore, happily classified as an elderly, plus I am a woman. One barometer of an inclusive society is having an inclusive workplace. This means helping different groups of Singaporeans who are able and willing to work, to stay employed and find fulfilment, even as circumstances change. An inclusive workplace is not an automatic nor easy outcome. But there are concrete ways the Government and our partners can work towards in order to create and sustain it, such as being inclusive in helping mature workers and being inclusive in creating flexible work arrangements, which is especially helpful for women. Indeed, these are precisely the outcomes that the Ministry of Health (MOH) is working towards, together with our healthcare institutions, for a diverse healthcare workforce, as we expect to increase our healthcare manpower by a further 9,000 between 2017 and 2019 to staff new and expanding facilities in our public healthcare and aged care settings.[+5 sentences] We need to help our mature workers, including the baby boomers who are now entering the retirement phase of their lives, by keeping them active and connected to society. This way, they can age positively. While some seniors will want to retire to spend time with their grandchildren and hobbies, some will find purpose in continuing their current roles, and others may wish to take smaller, bite-size roles. Some mature workers are also in transition between careers and welcome opportunities in the care sector. We will need to cater to their different wants to keep them integrated in society while playing a meaningful role. Mr Francis Tan of UOB recently pointed out that this year, 2018, is the first year in our history when the share of the population that is 65 years old and above will match that of those younger than 15 years old.[+14 sentences] Globally, the trend is also accelerating elsewhere. The World Economic Forum points out that by 2020, the global population of those over 60 years of age will reach one billion. By 2050, it is expected to reach two billion. This trend, combined with a general decline in birth rates, is leading to a situation where the world’s old will outnumber the young. This is not just a statistical quirk, but a demographic result of great significance. The consequence of ageing is well documented. Oxford Economics and Haver Analytics posit that there will be sharp deceleration and, indeed, negative labour supply growth, and Singapore could be among the worst hit in terms of its impact on economic growth. However, in Singapore, as Minister Chan Chun Sing said on Monday, we should not let challenges define us. Instead, we should see ageing as an opportunity to do things differently, or as Mr Ravi Menon, Managing Director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, puts it, “Demographics is not destiny”. The good news is that our healthy life expectancy is also increasing, with people staying healthier for longer, and there is also an opportunity to better leverage the abilities of those over 60, by adjusting workplace policies and redefining what “retirement” means. Seizing opportunities arising from productive longevity is, therefore, crucial to Singapore’s success as a nation and it is a key priority. Extending working life and promoting senior entrepreneurship are increasingly perceived as economic drivers. Fostering both can enable older people to leverage their institutional knowledge, wisdom and insights to continue contributing positively to the community and economy. For existing healthcare workers who wish to continue in their current roles, we facilitate their re-employment through strategies such as job re-design, training and re-employment facilitation workshops. Today, nine in 10 staff at retirement age are re-employed. The public healthcare sector raised the re-employment age for staff before legislation kicked in, from 65 to 67 since July 2016.[+1 sentence] In the case of nurses, who form the bulk of the healthcare workforce and where we most need manpower, we have also seen an increase in the number of nurses working past the retirement age. In 2017, over 1,400 retired nurses aged above 62 were working, compared to 1,200 in 2015, and 20% percent of them are working part-time.[+7 sentences] This flexibility supports older nurses so that they can continue to contribute at a pace that they are comfortable with. Our public healthcare institutions have also implemented workplace initiatives such as elder-friendly features like placing a magnifying glass on medication carts, and larger fonts for signages. We are also automating some labour-intensive care activities such as lifting and transferring of patients using mobile hoists and bed transporters. This will reduce the strain on older workers and allow them to continue in their roles. For those who wish to take on part-time or smaller, bite-sized roles, we have also been working with our partners to increase the number of micro-jobs. For example, several of our public hospitals have created Basic Care Assistant (BCA) positions, where locals with no prior healthcare experience are trained to provide care in areas such as feeding and patient transfer in the wards on a part-time basis. For mature workers looking to switch careers, we provide multiple pathways and training to facilitate picking up of new skills to join us in our care transformation journey. In 2017, we supported about 150 mid-career locals through healthcare conversion programmes, such as the Professional Conversion Programmes (PCPs) and the Senior Management Associate Scheme (SMAS), to help individuals acquire skills and take on good jobs in healthcare in a variety of roles such as Nursing, Allied Health and Administration. And this is triple the number compared to three years ago. We enhanced the PCP for nursing by providing employers with more funding to support the training of mid-career nurses. Earlier this year, MOH together with the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Workforce Singapore (WSG) also introduced a new degree-level PCP-Registered Nurses (PCP-RN) to attract more mid-career Singaporeans into the nursing profession.[+1 sentence] This PCP will complement the current PCP-RN diploma programme at Nanyang Polytechnic and provide an additional pathway for mid-career conversion into nursing. The course commences in July this year, with an estimated inaugural cohort of about 40 mid-career trainees.[+33 sentences] We are also working with WSG and e2i on programmes to facilitate employment and transition of mature workers, especially professionals, managers, executives and technicians (PMETs) who may be displaced due to restructuring in other industries, into suitable roles in the healthcare sector. Older workers as a segment of the workforce do not represent a monolithic group. They are of differing ages, educational backgrounds and circumstances. While some work simply because they want to remain gainfully employed, others, like Minister Ng Chee Meng said yesterday, need to work as they have expenses, mortgages and dependents relying on them. Hence, I support Minister Ng's idea of forming a new Tripartite Committee to take a closer and perhaps more granular look at ways to support mature workers to continue working if they choose to. Secondly, we must step up flexible work arrangements to cater to Singaporeans with different needs, especially women. Singaporeans in different life segments and at different life stages have varying needs in their careers. Those starting a family or looking after their elderly parents or grandchildren may be looking to balance their work with family commitments. Many women ask for this support in flexible work arrangements (FWAs) and actually the men too. Adopting FWAs will help us better cater to the needs of our healthcare workforce at different life stages, and retain them in the workforce, especially our women and older workers, for a win-win. For instance, we have piloted FWAs for nurses, who are the largest staff group in the public healthcare sector. We have engaged nurses, and we know that this is important for many of them. Today, more than 100 wards across the public healthcare institutions have adopted FWAs for nurses, in the form of more flexible shift work hours. This helps them to avoid the binary option of either being employed or unemployed. To further scale up FWA adoption for nurses, the public healthcare institutions will progressively move to electronic rostering, or e-rostering, starting from the second half of 2018. This shift will help to support nurse managers in managing more complex shift rostering of staff and empower them to support FWAs in a bigger way. Globally, gender pay gap persists, including in Singapore, although we rank relatively well even among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, ahead of countries like Australia and the UK. A reason often attributed to this pay gap is men's greater share of senior jobs as more women drop out of the workforce due to family care-giving duties. An article in The Economist noted that men’s and women's salaries start diverging from the child-bearing years. This "motherhood penalty" is often followed by a "good daughter penalty" when elderly parents require care and daughters often prove more conscientious than sons. So, here, I am tempted to note that the men just do not get it! Quoting figures from the UK's Office of National Statistics, the median pay gap is only 2% among full-time workers in their 30s yet jumps to 14% in their 40s and 16% in their 50s. As our population ages, a so called "caring economy" is emerging. The need to provide care to the elderly can have a significant impact on the workforce. Working caregivers must often take time off or leave the workforce altogether. As The Economist article highlights, the "caring economy" disproportionately affects women because they make up the majority of caregivers, which also negatively impacts gender parity. FWAs, such as flexi work hours, work from home arrangements, or part-time work would better allow caregivers to remain in the workforce. Besides providing funding support and the Tripartite Standard on FWAs, moving forward, we could, adopting a tripartite approach and help companies who may not have the know-how to implement FWAs to do so. Over the years, we have been increasing support for caregivers, such as expanding day care and home care capacity, providing caregiver training grant and training, respite care and elder sitter service for dementia patients. Nonetheless, as our population ages and caregiving needs increase, we must look at more ways to better support caregivers. Mr Speaker, Sir, we have made some progress, but we must press on in creating and sustaining an inclusive workplace, so that work opportunities are maximised for everyone who are able and willing to work; and that no Singaporean, young or old, woman or man, is left behind. Policymakers can continue to roll out initiatives to foster and support such an environment but creating a truly inclusive workplace would require individuals and companies – shareholder, management and staff – changing within themselves in terms of mindsets and prejudices and changing their corporate culture. Sir, with this I support the Motion. 2.24 pm
Mr Png Eng Huat (Hougang)1765 words
[+7 sentences]Thank you, Mr Speaker. One of the key priorities the President set in her maiden Address was for Singaporeans to live in a fair and just society based on meritocracy, and at the same time, to strive to leave no one behind. This aspiration of building an inclusive society is a familiar reframe in this Chamber. At each change of leadership or milestone in our political calendar, it is prudent for this Government to take stock of the well-being of Singaporeans from all strata of society to ensure no one gets left behind. But beyond such periodic refrain, I certainly welcome the challenge put forth by the President for this Government to go for both changes this time and not to contend with marginal tweaks in the next phase of our nationhood. While we can choose to live in awe and respect of what our pioneer generation had achieved, we certainly should not be tempted to dwell in the shadows of the past just to avoid rocking the boat. We also should not be tempted to just apply a patchwork of measures to fix any system that is out of sync with the changing times, in the hope that some of the problems will go away. The lack of resolve to look into certain problems from a fresh angle can have serious consequences because lives are impacted by policies and we cannot turn back time.[+2 sentences] Sir, the call by the President for the new leadership to tackle inequality vigorously is a timely reminder for a rapidly changing world. Mr Speaker, despite the tension rhetoric and measure given to address the issue of building an inclusive society, a new study released by the Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) on social capital in Singapore late last year seems to indicate that class divide has descended on our society. It was reported in the news that one of the researchers of the study said Singapore has shifted from a society based on race to one that is based on class as well. We just heard from the Minister yesterday that social stratification is fast becoming entrenched here.[+10 sentences] Although this Government has acknowledged its concern over the lack of diversity in our schools and housing estates, it is somewhat not as alarmed by the finding as explained by Minister Grace Fu early this year. Nevertheless, we can certainly agree that if this class divide is left unchecked, our aspiration of building a nation undivided by race, language or religion would be tinted by the ugly reality of class-based society. The lack of our diversity in our school is one issue we need to address to tackle the problem of social inequality. This is important because this Government views education as a key pillar of social mobility and I do support that wholeheartedly. Long before the release of the IPS study on this issue, the principle of Raffles Institution in 2015, proclaimed that the school has become a middle-class school, catering largely to affluent families and was no longer truly representative of Singapore. He said, and I quote, "A long period of conditioning means that we often fail to see elitism even when it is staring at us in the face." Although what he said then was not something new, such frank admission by an insider from one of the oldest schools in Singapore is certainly noteworthy. But what struck me most in that speech was the challenge he put forth. He went on to say, "What really matters more now is what we do with this reality and knowledge." So, how can we address this inequality and the lack of diversity in our schools to prevent a class divide from taking root in our society? From the Addendum to the President's Address, the Ministry of Education (MOE) intends to tackle the inequality in our education system by setting up more MOE Kindergartens to improve quality, affordability and accessibility in the preschool sector. The Ministry also wants to build more school-based student care centres to cater to the holistic needs of students especially those from disadvantaged families. MOE also intends to tackle the lack of diversity in our schools by reserving more places for students with no affiliation priority for admission into affiliated secondary schools.[+16 sentences] It also wishes to actively promote interaction amongst students of all backgrounds through applied learning, co-curricular activities (CCAs) and Outward Bound School camps. Sir, for a long while already, parents who can afford it will not depend solely on the national school system to prep their children for education, the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) or the Gifted Education Programme (GEP). They will send their children to expensive tuition and enrichment classes and there is no shortage of firm believers in such classes to deliver the high T-score and distinction for their children. This will perpetuate the message that if you have the money, your child will stand a better chance of getting good grades. The lack of diversity in our schools will only grow. As for the proposed initiative to promote interaction amongst students of all backgrounds, I must say those interactions are rather fleeting in nature and are confined to small groups of students each time. Such interactions, I am afraid, are rather piecemeal in nature and they will not even put a dent on the class divide issue. Does MOE know how many students in GEP have undergone test preparation even though MOE has stated in its website that parents should not enrol their children for such activities? MOE says such GEP preparation activities could inflate pupils' scores and not reflect their actual potential. Such acknowledgment by MOE offers simple proof or ample proof that parents can give their children a headstart if they can afford it. What will the profile of GEP and Special Assistance Plan (SAP) students tell us about race and income then? Does MOE know whether students from elite schools are spending more time on tuition and enrichment then their counterparts from the neighbourhood schools? Does MOE know whether the tuition culture here had a hand in helping our students achieve the impressive test results in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 chart that was presented in this Chamber yesterday? I am sure MOE would agree and knowing this number is important. Any measure formulated to address social inequality or lack of diversity in our schools must take into consideration the entire education ecosystem. Without this information, any formulated measure would be, as in the words of the President, "tweaking things at the margin". Two years ago, in the Committee of Supply (COS) debate in 2016, I said that all schools are created not equal because the funding per school is different to begin with. Based on per capita funding per student, popular schools with a large student enrolment will always have more funds by default, whilst shrinking neighbourhood schools will always struggle to find money to run extra enrichment programmes. It is also a known fact that popular schools will have less problems raising additional funds from their well-connected alumni, while neighbourhood schools will struggle in this area.[+2 sentences] Does the Minister not agree that it makes a world of difference when smaller neighbourhood schools are resourced with the same amount of funding as the popular schools? Is the Minister willing to do something bold in the area of equitable funding for all schools? In the same COS debate, I also proposed a fundamental change to the Secondary 1 posting exercise to address the lack of diversity in our popular schools. I shall not repeat the details here, but in a nutshell, I propose that students finishing in the top tier of their primary schools based on PSLE results be given direct admission to a secondary school of their choice.[+22 sentences] This move will ensure a good mix and spread of students from all spectrum of primary schools going into the popular secondary schools. This will definitely introduce diversity into the so-called elite schools. This will also prevent elitism from entrenching itself in any of the popular schools. For parents who want their children to attend a popular secondary school, every primary school is now a good school to start the journey. Some may question that this is not meritocratic. I beg to differ, because these students, even if their T-scores are lower than the cut-off points for the popular secondary schools are high achievers in their own rights. They have certainly earned their place with direct admission into a school of their choice by finishing top in their respective primary schools. The proposal is still based on meritocracy but at the local level. Meritocracy is never a fair game. If you have the resources, the money, the proper nutrition, the proper training, the proper technique, you will stand a better chance of coming top in whatever you do. Can we honestly say every student is starting from the same base because every school is a good school, so may the best student win? Sir, our future lies in the hands of our children. What we want them to learn and experience in school now will determine what the future holds for the next generation. We can either teach them about the importance of equality and diversity or let them live it and experience it first-hand in the fair and just society that leaves no behind as set out by the President. The late Encik Yusof Ishak in his first President's Address to a newly elected Parliament in 1968 outlined three objectives to achieve for Singapore. The first two objectives were to build an effective defence capability and to achieve greater economic growth. These two objectives were to be brought up time and again, in one form or another, by subsequent Presidents, and for good reasons. We live in a world that is constantly changing and evolving. These objectives will need to move with the times. The third point highlighted by Encik Yusof was about the need to enhance our national consciousness of the problems that will beseech a young nation in time to come. Specifically, he said Singaporeans must learn to place national interest above personal or sectional interests. Now that we are conscious of the issue of social inequality in society that is gravitating to a class divide, what more can we do with this reality and knowledge? The Minister has stated yesterday that we all have an unfinished business in tackling inequality.[+1 sentence] And I welcome his commitment that this Government will continue to improve its policy and not to stop at the proposed measures.
Mr Speaker39 words
[+5 sentences]Order. I propose to take a break now. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 2.55 pm. Sitting accordingly suspended at 2.35 pm until 2.55 pm. Sitting resumed at 2.55 pm.
[+5 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. The President’s speech marks the formal opening of the Parliament session. The speech itself describes the Government’s agenda for the rest of the term. The Addenda to the speech then lay out the specific programmes of each Ministry. This is a tradition we inherited from the UK, where the Queen delivers a speech drafted by the elected Government – although it is called the Queen's Speech – and the speech highlights the Government’s legislative programme. However, our President’s speech this year is slightly different. It sets out not only the programme for the current term, but also longer-term priorities beyond this term of Government. The speech took this approach because Parliament is re-opening at a special moment in our history.[+10 sentences] The world situation is very uncertain. The global order, which is based on openness, globalisation and free trade, has come under great pressure. Relations between the big powers – especially the United States (US) and China, and also the US and Russia – are under stress. It is not clear whether the institutions and international rules that have underpinned world peace and security for the last few decades will change. And if they change, there will be significant long-term implications for Singapore. Singapore too is at a turning point. We are opening a new chapter after SG50. It will be a new phase of our social and economic development. We have the responsibility, and the privilege, of reimagining and rebuilding Singapore over the next 50 years and more. We are also going through a significant generational change. A new generation born long after Independence is coming to the fore, with different views and aspirations. We are also in the midst of a political transition, with the fourth generation (4G) Ministers preparing to take over within the next few years. Therefore, it is timely for the Government to set out a broader vision, a longer-term agenda in the President's speech. I asked the 4G Ministers to draft the President’s speech, because they would have to carry out this agenda, continuing beyond my time as Prime Minister.[+17 sentences] I gave my inputs and I endorsed what they produced, because as a Prime Minister, I am still ultimately responsible for the Government's agenda. But my main role is to be supportive, to help the 4G Ministers present and implement the agenda, and to see through as much of it as possible while I am a Prime Minister. Today, I will speak about five aspects of the President's Speech. First, coping with the external changes; next, growing our economy; third, ensuring social mobility; fourth, maintaining social cohesion; and finally, ensuring good politics and leadership. Let me start with the external environment. Globalisation, which has delivered growth and stability for many countries, including Singapore, has come under pressure. Countries, particularly in the West, are questioning the benefits of openness and free trade, and of the free movement of people. The US has been, thus far, the champion and sponsor of the post-war international system. They promoted free trade. They opened their own doors to immigrants. They were generous to others, sharing technology and know-how. They spent blood and treasure to maintain global peace. They believed that all these was in their own "enlightened self-interest". But now, many Americans no longer believe this, including the Trump Administration. They feel that other countries are benefiting more from the global system, and benefiting at the expense of the US. They want to make sure that the US will always benefit directly – item by item, country by country, and not just generally, from upholding a system which is good for everybody and therefore indirectly good for the US. So, the US has made trade a top issue, especially trade with China. The trade tensions between US and China hurt business, but more broadly, their unilateral and tit-for-tat actions undermine the multilateral trading system.[+16 sentences] In other words, it is not just the two participants who are affected or the amount of, whether it is steel or aluminium or soya beans or cars which is not exported and which cannot be traded, but the whole multilateral system, the system of rules which ensures that countries big and small, have played on a level-playing field have their place in the sun and can contribute to and benefit from this international network of cooperation. And it is a system which we have depended upon in Singapore. Therefore, the trade tensions threaten global prosperity, especially for smaller countries like Singapore. The trade disputes can also affect the overall relations between the powers. The US and China are jockeying for position and advantage. The US is still stronger, especially militarily, but China is growing in power, influence and confidence. Increasingly, the US has to accommodate China. And if there is mutual distrust and rivalry between the two, it is but a small step from a trade disagreement to a wider and more serious quarrel. The US and China are far from going to war with each other, but it is not clear which way their relations will tilt. If they tilt towards more conflict, it will be bad not only for the two powers, but for the rest of the world as well. That is obvious. But if relations tilt to the other extreme, and the two powers agree to divide up the world between them, and set rules that only benefit them, that would be just as detrimental, especially for small countries which will have no say. As a small and open country, Singapore will always be vulnerable to what happens around us. As Mr Lee Kuan Yew used to say, "When elephants fight, the grass suffers, but when they make love, the grass suffers also". Therefore, we must be aware of what is happening around us, and prepare ourselves for changes and surprises. Close to home, Malaysia saw a historic change last week, in its General Election. Pakatan Harapan, led by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamed, now forms the government. For the first time ever, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)-led Barisan Nasional (BN) lost power.[+8 sentences] This is a momentous development. As Malaysia's closest neighbour, we need to pay close attention to our relationship with them. The two countries have deep historical, economic and people-to-people ties. We hope Malaysia is stable and prosperous. We have enjoyed good relations with Malaysia under the former Prime Minister Najib Razak and cooperated on major projects that benefit both sides. We have also worked with Dr Mahathir and several of his team before. We completed joint projects with Malaysia when Dr Mahathir was last the Prime Minister, including building the Second Link at Tuas. And I also know Mr Anwar Ibrahim well because he was my counterpart when I was Deputy Prime Minister. The expectations of the new Malaysian government are very high, and I think Dr Mahathir will be very busy in the days to come. But I plan to visit Malaysia on Saturday to meet Dr Mahathir and to tell him that I look forward to working with him again for mutual benefit.[+17 sentences] Indonesia is having elections too – local elections this year and national elections the next. I have good working relations with President Jokowi, as I did with President Yudhoyono before. I hope we can maintain friendly and productive ties with Indonesia too. Regardless of political cycles or election outcomes, we will work hard on relations with our two neighbours. Their success makes for a more peaceful and prosperous region, and that is good for us. In the President's speech, she spoke about how Singapore must remain a nation of opportunities. This, to me, is the heart of our nation-building journey. Our forefathers came to this land, because they sought better lives for themselves and their families. When Independence was thrust upon us and the odds were stacked against us, our pioneer generation dug in and slogged to build a nation. Their children and grandchildren took up the torch after them, and improved Singapore year by year. This sense of opportunity, of possibility and hope is the spark that has inspired generations of Singaporeans to dream big, and to work hard to realise those dreams. We must always sustain this confidence that we can build a better life for ourselves and future generations of Singaporeans, that we can make tomorrow better than today. Nationally, this means growing our economy, creating new possibilities and expanding our horizons. Individually, it means improving the life of every Singaporean, in a fair, open and a cohesive society. One of the top priorities of the Government is therefore to keep the economy growing. We are in a strong position today, because our economy has grown steadily for the past 50 years and more. We have enjoyed high growth for much of this half century – even from time to time exceeding 10% per annum. Since Independence in 1965, our GDP has grown more than 40 times in real terms.[+1 sentence] Today, our per capita income is higher than Japan's. We can see it in all our lives. Now that we have become more developed, our growth forecast is moderated to 2% to 4%.[+33 sentences] This has made some people anxious. They worry that their children will not have better lives than they themselves do today. But let me put the numbers in perspective. First, 2% to 4% is in fact quite good for a mature economy. South Korea and Taiwan are growing around this rate too. Japan is growing even slower. Second, 2%-4% is just an estimate, based on our current stage of economic development. It is not the limit to our efforts or to our ambitions. Individual companies and individual industries can certainly do better, especially if they come up with a more innovative product or if they expand into new markets, till virgin ground. We are pushing ahead with our economic upgrade. We can see the opportunities. The only question is whether we can seize them. Take, for example, the digital economy. A lot is happening around us. In Indonesia, in Jakarta, the tech scene is vibrant, buzzing with energy and talent. And Indonesia has produced four unicorns. Unicorns are not animals. They are companies which have become worth more than $1 billion; and Indonesia has four of them – Gojek, Traveloka, Bukalapak and Tokopedia. Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia have lively tech sectors too. So, if we can build up our own tech sector while connecting with theirs, we will prosper together. We are making good progress also, developing frontier technologies in artificial intelligence (AI), fintech and in advanced manufacturing. We have attracted leading AI researchers and companies to Singapore. The Nanyang Technological University (NTU) has built a reputation as a leading centre in AI. The Alibaba Group recently opened a research institute on AI together with NTU, which is its first outside research institute outside China. When I visited Beijing recently, I went to see Didi Chuxing. It is the equivalent of Grab or Uber. And I met some NTU graduates there. And the Didi Chief Technology Officer (CTO), Bob Zhang, told me the graduates were doing very well. So, our people are well prepared. In fintech, MAS has developed Singapore to become a fintech hub, just within the last two to three years – the right rules and the right encouragement, the right openness, the right light touch and the flower blossoms. They have green fingers. More than 400 fintech firms are now based here and so are over 30 innovation labs and research centres set up by multinational corporations (MNCs). In advanced manufacturing, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) is collaborating with multi-nationals, with local companies and universities to develop new technologies in aerospace and precision engineering. For example, we have a Joint Laboratory with Rolls Royce and Singapore Aero Engine Services that was opened last year. These projects will create good manufacturing jobs, and SMEs will benefit and so will workers, because through these research collaborations, they will get access to the new technologies.[+7 sentences] So, there are many possibilities for us to grow our economy and to reinvent and redevelop Singapore. But growth alone is not enough. Individual Singaporeans must see progress in their lives, must feel that the future is bright and must know that each one of us has our stake in it. This means sharing growth widely and equitably to improve the lives of all Singaporeans. It also means fully maximising the talents and efforts of our people, and getting the most capable and reliable people into the most consequential jobs where they can make the most difference and the greatest contribution. In other words, making sure there is social mobility so that our meritocracy continues to work. How do we know if our meritocracy is working? Well, first of all, every child must have a good start in life, regardless of which family you were born into.[+1 sentence] Secondly, every talent has to be recognised and developed to the fullest. Thirdly, every opportunity has to be open to anyone with the right attitude and ability.[+24 sentences] And finally, a capable person must face minimal social impediments, minimal social impediments to be accepted, to contribute and to be in a position to lead in society. And in the long term, this last part – keeping the social impediments down – is the most difficult to sustain. We want Singapore society to maintain an informal and egalitarian tone, where people interact freely and comfortably as equals, and there are no rigid class distinctions or barriers that keep good people down. This is important but it is beyond the Government’s ability to bring about alone. Society itself has to be open and permeable. Each one of us must carry those attitudes, values, and norms, that willingness to welcome talent and welcome ability to keep the system the way it is. Any society which has been stable for a long time tends to stratify and it becomes less socially mobile. For example, the UK and India have long entrenched hierarchies and very fixed notions of class and or, in India, caste, which they have found very difficult to overcome. Singapore is still a young country of 50 years and notions of class and hierarchy have not yet calcified. Our social cues, our markers, our norms – they are still evolving, and we do not want them to evolve in a wrong direction and contribute to class divisions and rigidities. Social cues are important because they can become ways to pigeonhole or to exclude others, knowingly or unknowingly. In Britain, your accent and the way you speak, can define your status in society. Do you have a posh private school accent? Do you speak like a professional who has been to Oxbridge? Do you speak as a working-class person, with a local accent, regional accent? Do you speak with a Cockney twang? Then, you know you come from a certain part of London, and you are a certain class of person, not very high up the totem pole. George Bernard Shaw wrote, “An Englishman’s way of speaking absolutely classifies him". It is a pun. It pigeonholes him into his social class, you listen to him, you know, do you respect him, do you look down on him, do you give him orders or do you say "Yes, Sir?" And he went on to say "absolutely classifies him. The moment he talks, he makes some other Englishman despise him”. And it is true, if you do not have an upper-class accent, you are marked down straightaway. And that is why Singapore schools put emphasis on teaching students to speak good English. Otherwise, those children whose parents already speak good English at home will be fine, but others will grow up at a permanent disadvantage. And without everyone being proficient, speaking standard English, Singlish will become a class marker.[+23 sentences] In other words, if you cannot speak proper English, well, you are down there. If you can speak proper English, the doors open for you. And I think this would close the doors on many from less privileged families. And that is why the Ministry of Communications and Information (MCI) continues to have campaigns to teach people to speak proper English. There are other social markers that can signal and entrench class differences. Members may recall the recent fuss over an unauthorised secondary school Social Studies guidebook. It contained a table that had sweeping generalisations about people in Singapore from high and low socioeconomic status (SES). For instance, those from supposedly low SES speak Singlish, play soccer or basketball and eat at hawker centres, while those from high SES speak formal English, play golf or tennis, and only eat at fine restaurants. The story went viral. Many Singaporeans were appalled, and rightly so. Luckily, it was not a guidebook approved by MOE. Lifestyle choices can indeed become separators in society, distinguishing marks. What you eat, how you dress, where you go for holidays, what games you play, what clubs you belong to. In every society, people have ways to show who is in and who is out. You take one look at a person, or you listen to him just for a moment and you can already place him. There are distinctions in Singapore society too. But the general tone in Singapore is one of restraint. If you wear a chunky gold watch and dress flashily, instead of being impressed, people may think you are a loan shark! And that is as it should be. We must discourage people from flaunting their social advantages. We should frown upon those who go for ostentatious displays of wealth and status, or worse, look down on others less well-off or privileged. We should emphasise our commonalities, not accentuate our differences. And so, you see, if you look around the Chamber, everybody informally dressed, discussing serious matters of state. In any other Parliamentary chamber, in this part of the world or anywhere in the world, we will be togged up in our Sunday best, just to show that we are somebody in society.[+1 sentence] But that is not the Singapore way. There is a further obstacle to social mobility – elite groups who become closed circles, preventing outsiders from getting in.[+7 sentences] Every society has its elite. They occupy the key leadership positions in society – in government, in academia, in business, in professions, in politics. Members of the elite share similar backgrounds, interests, and social spaces. They may be alumni of the same schools, they may have done business with one another, or they may have worked in the same professions. They know one another and have interacted with one another in different roles over long periods through their lives. Such networks are natural structures in society. They are useful for people to know one another, to get things done informally, to share an implicit understanding of the interests of their society, and to feel a collective sense of responsibility for the society. Such networks are an important part of our social capital. But social networks must always remain open and permeable.[+7 sentences] They must not close up, they must not form glass ceilings. It must not be difficult or impossible for others with talent or ability, but lacking the right backgrounds and connections, to be welcomed into the elite group, to rise to the top, to take their rightful place and make their full contribution. If this happened, not only would social mobility be frustrated, but soon, the elite group would start to only look after its own interests and fail in their duty to lead and care for the rest of society. And that would be disastrous for Singapore. Let me share something which Ong Ye Kung told me recently. Raffles Institution (RI) is one of our most popular schools. I did not go to RI, but I can tell you it is a good school. It has a strong tradition of accepting students from diverse backgrounds, so long as they make the cut. But over the years, RI has become less diverse.[+5 sentences] The new RI principal has been putting in effort, speaking to parents of potential students in primary schools across Singapore, to encourage them to apply to RI. To his surprise, some of the parents told him they did not want to send their child there. Why? Not because they thought their child could not keep up with the academic demands, but because they feared he would not be able to fit in with other more well-off students. Actually, I think this fear is unfounded. Because, in reality, RI students do come from varied backgrounds. And just over half the students live in public housing, 53%.[+5 sentences] And all the students get along confidently and comfortably. And bursaries and scholarships are readily available. So, no parent needs to worry that he cannot afford to send his child to RI or that his child will feel out of place. But if such a perception exists and discourages promising students from applying to the school, it is not good for RI, it is not good for Singapore. RI knows what it has to do in order to uphold its egalitarian tradition. MOE will work with them, and other popular schools too, so that these schools never become self-perpetuating, closed circles.[+25 sentences] Government policies and programmes must, and do, support social mobility and meritocracy. We make sure that the fundamentals are done well – quality education, home ownership and affordable healthcare, which improve the life of every Singaporean. We give everyone a good education, and now we are investing heavily in preschool, to give all Singaporean kids and in fact, almost babies as well, a good start in life. We have a strong social safety net, with targeted assistance schemes, so that those with difficulties are not left behind and forgotten. And we intervene with extra help – whether in education, housing, healthcare or jobs training – for those who need it, to enable them to take full advantage of the opportunities. Above all, our education system must stay open. We have set aside places in primary schools for children without affiliation to these schools, and we will do more if necessary. We are expanding opportunities for students from different schools to interact, through sports, community activities and the Outward Bound School. Last year, I visited Outward Bound School for their 50th anniversary celebrations. I had attended the course 50 years ago. I chatted with Nicholas Conceicao, who is the Executive Director of OBS. And I told him that when I went to OBS 50 years ago as a 15-year-old, they only took in two students per secondary school. So, in a group of 130-odd, there were people from 50 to 60 different schools, different language streams and very different social backgrounds. And we all had to get together because they had us mixed up properly. We went through the course together, we became good friends, and came away understanding the diversity of our society better, and how we could all work together. Because for 17 days, at that impressionable age, it is an intense experience. You are put through physical stress, you are emotionally put to your limits, you have to work with others, there is very little that you can do alone. And if you do not make friends, you are miserable. And you have to make friends across boundaries. So, I recounted this and Nicholas told me that today, well, because of the larger numbers, they cannot take in students from 60 or 70 schools at a time, but they take in students from two to three schools at a time. And nowadays, the students all speak English, but still, he finds clear differences in the cultures and interests of the students from the different schools and even in the way they use language. So, it is all speaking English, but different interests, different vocabulary, really different world perspectives, almost. At OBS, the students still learn to work in teams. So, when they pitch a tent or build a raft, or safely belay someone on an obstacle course, they must work closely with teammates; you cannot do it alone. And so, the students learn to bridge their differences and to trust one another. After 50 years, OBS remains a valuable opportunity for students to mix and interact across different schools and social groups. And we will do more of this, so we are building an extension of OBS on Coney Island.[+10 sentences] When that opens, even more students will benefit from this experience. We are doing many things to improve social mobility, but I have to be honest with you – there are no easy solutions. Many societies have faced this problem. Many ideas have been proposed and tried out. Political philosophers, statesmen, all powerful human minds have been brought to bear to try to deal with this conundrum of how to keep the society spry, open, stable and there have been no magic bullets. There have been varying degrees of success. And the most successful models perhaps are the Scandinavian countries, but even they have seen widening social inequality in recent times. We have to understand that this is what they call a wicked problem. It is a problem with no easy solution, which we will discuss rightly, repeatedly in this House through the years. Our strategy in Singapore has been more successful than most. With universal education, with home ownership, with the Government’s determination to widen opportunities and make the most of every citizen, we have made meritocracy work in Singapore.[+12 sentences] And now that our society is more settled, we must work harder to keep the pathways open and to level people up. The Government is not ideological. We are pragmatic. We will try anything that works. We will learn from our own experience and the experience of others. But we must also be realistic. Spot what looks promising, but please also recognise what will not work. Some people have suggested, I read in the newspapers, a Universal Basic Income, which is a neat idea; so far, unproven anywhere in the world. The Finns tried it and aborted the experiment early. It did not work for them. Others want to abolish the PSLE. That is in fact very hard to do. Educators have very different views, and even parents have very different views; whether it is PSLE, it will be better off without the PSLE. But we are taking the first steps to change the status quo, by doing away with T-scores.[+19 sentences] And if anyone can come up with a better alternative, certainly, we will consider it. In the end, the Government must focus on practical, effective policies. As a society, we must uphold clear social norms that minimise social barriers and encourage mobility, so as to keep our meritocratic system working well for all Singaporeans. Meritocracy is about individuals having opportunities and being successful. But we must also be successful together, as one people, one society and one nation. Not just successful alone, but successful together. And that is what social cohesion is about. We must feel a sense of social responsibility and concern for our fellow citizens, without which our society cannot hold together. What holds us together is not our pink NRICs, but the shared experiences that we build together over time. We grow up together in national schools, and we are comfortable around each other, regardless of our family backgrounds. We go through National Service, building brotherhood and camaraderie when we march and fight together. We eat at hawker centres, regardless whether we are rich and poor. So, the guidebook is wrong. We live in HDB estates. We learn the habits and preferences of different races and religions and we help neighbours out when they are in need. We travel together on public transport. And unlike in some other countries, there is no social stigma to living in public housing or taking the bus or the train. We celebrate our successes together, such as SG50 recently, and every National Day. And when crises hit, we go through them side by side. We have made much progress in our nation-building. We are now much more cohesive than 50 years ago, when we did not live in integrated HDB estates, townships nor did we do National Service together.[+4 sentences] Or even 20 years ago, before the 9/11 and before SARS. But nation-building will always be a work in progress, because the forces that pull Singaporeans in different directions never go away. Race, language and religion are enduring fault lines. From the start, we knew that they could divide and destroy us. Today, though our social cohesion has grown stronger, but these tidal pulls have grown stronger too.[+8 sentences] Take, for example, the influence of China and India on our own ethnic groups on Chinese Singaporeans and Indian Singaporeans. These are two vast nations, even civilisations that are growing in strength and confidence. It will be a very long time before we become immune to their ethnic, cultural or economic pulls. Furthermore, the relationship is complicated, because on the one hand, we want to maintain our separate identity as a multiracial, sovereign country but, on the other hand, we want to say we speak Mandarin, we have overseas Indians, we have ethnic links, we have cultural ties, we have an inside track. So, between the two, there is a tension and we have to keep that balance and maintain our position, and our cohesion. Likewise, with the Malays. Over time, a Singaporean Malay identity has emerged clearly but still, it overlaps with the Malays in Malaysia, both in terms of race as well as religion. And the call for a global "ummah" – a community of the Muslims around the world – has powerful appeal. Furthermore, we are exposed in this Internet age to extremist and exclusivist teachings.[+1 sentence] These can lead individuals astray. And if there is a terrorist attack, it will cause great fear and distrust between Muslims and other Singaporeans.[+8 sentences] Beyond race, language and religion, we must work at building bridges between different groups in society. Traditionally, when we talk about social cohesion, we think of race, language and religion. But if you look at it in other dimensions, there are other gradients, other possible fault lines, other ways where we have to strengthen our social cohesion and become closer together. One of them is between unions and management. Another one is between old citizens and new. The Labour Movement is one institution vital to our social cohesion. Because of the tripartite partnership, labour management relations are a source of strength for us, unlike in many other countries where unions and managements are bitterly opposed. Whereas in Singapore, labour harmony is secured with the help of a strong National Trades Union Congress (NTUC), as we sing at every May Day Rally, slightly out of tune. But in the new economy, fewer workers are doing jobs traditionally covered by the trade unions.[+1 sentence] Many more are freelancers and professionals. So, if these new groups are left out, and that union coverage shrinks as a result of the changing work force composition, and you have more people who are not represented, not taken care of, do not feel protected and look for other solutions, it would weaken tripartism and our social compact. So, it is better for the Labour Movement to embrace them, to adopt their concerns and to become more inclusive. And that is what Mr Chan Chun Sing did in NTUC, widening the Labour Movement membership beyond trade unions, to include the NTUC U-Associates, the PMETs and freelancers.[+2 sentences] And now, Mr Ng Chee Meng in NTUC will carry on this work. Another bridge we need to build is to our new citizens. Immigrants are part and parcel of our history and our identity. And if you look ahead, we need a steady flow of immigrants – not too many, not too few, just right – to top up our population.[+28 sentences] First generation immigrants into any country will always take time to settle down, to understand the nuances of the culture and character, and to progressively integrate into the society. And that is what happens in the past with previous waves of first-generation Singaporeans over the last 200 years and that is a necessary process which has to happen, as we continue to have an inflow of people to join us and become Singapore Citizens. The new arrivals have chosen to make Singapore their home and they will contribute to our country, our society. They have to make every effort to mix and to interact with everyone else. For our part, we should welcome them, we should support them in their journey to become Singaporeans, as others have helped our forefathers and helped ourselves. Therefore, there is much work to do to maintain our social cohesion. Mr Speaker, Sir, these are the challenges for the next generation of leaders. To continue to grow Singapore – reinventing our economy, creating new possibilities for the future. To ensure that Singapore is always a land of opportunity, a meritocratic, fair and just society. To hold Singaporeans together in one cohesive society. Can the next generation of leaders build on our shared experiences of 50 years and maintain the sense of collective mission? Can they work to improve the lives of all Singaporeans and not the interests of narrow groups, so that they pass on an even stronger and more united Singapore? I think they can. The 4G team is now in place. They are overseeing their own portfolios and projects, they are explaining their ideas to Singaporeans, they are implementing policies and making them work. Many of them joined in the last three GEs, from 2006 onward, so about over the last 12 years. I have also promoted promising backbenchers to become office holders, including in the recent reshuffle. It is a strong team of able men and women, with a balanced combination of skills and strengths. They are gaining experience, they are willing to serve and, most importantly, their hearts are in the right place. We need new leaders for each generation, from each generation. Because each generation has its own challenges to tackle and tough choices to make. The electorate will be different. The economic landscape will be different. The international order may well also be different. Some hard truths will always remain for Singapore. But even old problems may need new solutions. We must be pragmatic and not ideological in our approach. Keep an open mind, and make decisions with both the head and the heart. Remember our history, but do not be trapped by it. That is why leadership renewal is crucial: new ideas, new bonds and new connections are needed with every new generation.[+20 sentences] Last week, at the Opening of Parliament, I had a chance to chat with Mr Low Thia Khiang. Somebody snapped a picture of us and the Workers’ Party (WP) posted a smiling photo of two of us on their Facebook page. It was a nice picture. What were we talking about? I think Mr Low would not mind me sharing. I asked him – the WP is having a leadership transition too. What will change, now that the WP has a new leader? And he replied, “Nothing much. We the WP have our role. These things should not change suddenly. Don’t you agree?” I agreed with Mr Low. As an opposition party, the WP plays a role in our political system, whoever is their party leader. Opposition parties keep Singapore politics contestable. In other words, the ruling party, the People’s Action Party (PAP), does not have a monopoly of power and does not have the right to rule Singapore indefinitely. So long as the PAP Government performs, it keeps the voters’ support, it stays in power and the opposition cannot gain ground. But if the PAP Government becomes incompetent or corrupt, then, of course, the opposition will grow. So, our system gives the PAP Government, given any government, every incentive to perform, and to keep the opposition performing its role, where it is, namely, in the opposition. The PAP is determined to perform. We treat every election as a serious contest. We take every debate in the House seriously. And that is why we amended the Constitution to ensure that there will be always at least 12 opposition Members of Parliament and Non-Constituency Members of Parliament in the House, whatever the outcome of the General Election.[+13 sentences] Political parties do not have a fixed lifespan – a time to live and a time to die, as Ecclesiastes puts it. How long a political party continues in government – or in opposition for that matter, because parties come and go in the opposition too – depends on whether it can renew itself, continue to serve the people, continue to bring progress to the nation. If the PAP can keep on successfully doing that, we can stay in government. But if we ever fail, we deserve to lose. So, my message to all PAP Members of Parliament is "work hard, serve the people, hold the ground, and win the elections". This does not mean the Government will shy away from difficult problems. A government must govern. And if Ministers are not prepared to govern, then give it up. Because that is your duty; that is what you are here for. And governing means that from time to time you have to do difficult things when they become necessary. Leadership means you have to explain, persuade, and convince people that you know what you are doing, and that you are doing it for a good reason, and it is a right thing to do. That is the way to maintain people's trust, and trust is crucial. Take taxes. In the recent Malaysian election, one hot issue was their GST.[+1 sentence] The previous government had introduced the new tax three years ago, and it had caused great unhappiness in Malaysia. After Pakatan Harapan won the election, Dr Mahathir announced that his new government would abolish the GST.[+2 sentences] Why did this happen? It was not the economic merits or demerits of the GST. From the economic point of view, the GST is better than the Sales Tax that it replaced.[+4 sentences] But politically, Malaysians linked the GST with other complaints they had with the previous government, and they rejected the explanations and the persuasions, and they say, "No. I do not accept this. Out with it." Does that mean no government should ever raise taxes? Alas, that is not the real world. From time to time the country will need to spend more – on healthcare, defence, education, or something else – and if revenues are not enough, it will have no choice but to raise taxes.[+51 sentences] Then, the government must convince the population that it is raising taxes for a good reason, for the right reason. And whether the voters accept that will depend not just on the arguments, but also crucially on whether they trust the government. Because with arguments, for every right argument, we can produce five doubtful ones which look quite plausible. And during elections, there is no shortage of producers of such arguments and people can get confused. Finally, they have to decide whom do they trust; what is their track record; do you want to put your future, your fate, or your children's future in the hands of this team and believe that they have your best interest at heart. And if they do, you vote for them, and you will take all things which need to be done as one bundle. Finally, voters have to trust the government to do the right thing on their behalf, even when it is painful. I think this is the right lesson to learn. Without trust, the government cannot govern. It would not dare to do painful but necessary things. And politics becomes the art of pandering – a bidding war between the parties – who can give more, who can offer more? You say you reduce the tax; I say I abolish the tax. And then, you say, "I will give you a hongbao" on top of that. And how to pay – well, we can think about that after the elections. And the country goes downhill. The 4G Ministers understand this. They have been working together, learning to complement one another's strengths and weaknesses, making decisions as a team and taking collective responsibility for these decisions. To me, this working together is as important, if not more important, than the question of who should be the next Prime Minister. Because for the next Prime Minister, I know there is more than one qualified candidate. We are fortunate that this is so, because it provides strength and depth to the team. Now, it is about the team coming to a consensus on the best option. But to work together as a team, that is not a choice because there is no other option. Whoever becomes the next Prime Minister, the team has to work closely together for him to succeed. If they cannot or do not do so, then the next Prime Minister will fail, whoever he is. Even in the best of times, and certainly in times of severe crises, Mr Lee Kuan Yew did not run the country by himself. Neither did Mr Goh Chok Tong, nor myself. One year, Mr Lee received the Freedom of the City of London, in 1982. It was a grand occasion – he dressed up; he made a speech. He said: "I feel like a conductor at a concert bowing to applause, but unable to turn around and invite the accomplished musicians in his orchestra to rise and receive the ovation for the music they have played. For running a government is not unlike running an orchestra, and no Prime Minister ever achieves much without an able team of players." I think I can speak for Mr Goh Chok Tong when I say that we both feel the same way. All three of us were not sole leaders, but primus inter pares – that means, first among equals. But the emphasis is we are equals, but we are just the first among equals; first among equals with our colleagues. We take their views, we take them seriously, we benefit from their advice and their abilities and their skills. We have fierce arguments as to what to do but we are on a team together, with strong enough bonds that we can deal with issues together and there is leadership, but it is unforced. It has to be unforced leadership. The team accepts, respects and knows that it has an important role to play. They are not there just to carry out orders. We were all fortunate – Singapore was fortunate – that the Prime Ministers had such stalwart colleagues. Mr Lee had a core team of very strong Ministers supporting him – Goh Keng Swee, S Rajaratnam, Lim Kim San, Hon Sui Sen, and Othman Wok. Emeritus Senior Minister (ESM) Goh had a talented team too – Ong Teng Cheong, Tony Tan, Wong Kan Seng, S Jayakumar, S Dhanabalan, Abdullah Tarmugi, and George Yeo, just to name a few. If anything, ESM Goh's team was even more comprehensive than Mr Lee's. And when I took over as Prime Minister, I inherited ESM Goh's strong team and Mr Goh himself stayed on, and we added talent to the team. Now, he has stepped down, I rely on my own core team, which now also includes several of the 4G Ministers. So, the next Prime Minister must have, and will have, his own stalwart colleagues too – his generation, and I hope, also younger ones. I know everyone is anxious to know who the next Prime Minister will be. Well, the leader must command the respect and loyalty of his whole team. He must enjoy the support and confidence of the broad mass of Singaporeans. And these things take time; they cannot be forced. I do not believe we are ready to settle on a choice yet, nor is it helpful to treat this either as a horse race, or a campaign to lobby support for one or the other candidate. This is a team game. We want a strong, cohesive team so that Team Singapore is the winner. I have just reshuffled the Cabinet, have moved some Ministers to new portfolios, I have expanded the responsibilities of others. The 4G Ministers now helm two-thirds of the Ministries. They have a major say in policies and the direction to take Singapore.[+1 sentence] Let us give them the time and space to do their own work, to work together in their new roles and to get better known by the public. I am confident that in the fullness of time, we will see a clear outcome and a leader will emerge from the process. Certainly, I expect this to happen before the next General Election.[+9 sentences] For these 14 years as Prime Minister, I have been working with the 4G team, guiding them, assessing them, preparing them to take over the reins. When Mr Heng Swee Keat rounded up the Budget debate this year, I was happy to hear him describe the Budget as one that not only meets the needs of today's generation, but also accounts for the needs of future generations. It showed that the 4G Ministers understood that their deepest responsibility is to be a steward of Singapore. What does it mean – "steward"? The Government is certainly not the owner of Singapore, but neither it is just the manager of Singapore. It is the steward. It is responsible for taking good care of the country, for holding it in trust, building it up and handing it on in due time to future generations. The Government must keep faith with past generations who gifted this country to us. It has to be responsible to the present generation who continue to build on what we have inherited. But above all, it must consider future generations, whose lives and whose futures depend on us; the present generation depends on us thinking of their interests, acting on their behalf, making wise and far-sighted decisions to cause Singapore to endure and to flourish for many more years. I am confident that when the time comes for me to hand over to a new Prime Minister, Singapore will be put into the hands of good stewards.[+17 sentences] We have built something truly special here in Singapore. Countries near and far look to Singapore as a model of governance and development. People want to live here, do business here. Even the US and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) are planning to hold their meeting here! In many other countries, political leaders plan only up to the next election or the next crisis. But in Singapore, we are able to think beyond the immediate, beyond ourselves. We care about our community, our country and our future. Our religious leaders visit temples, churches and mosques together. They give their blessings on one another's milestone celebrations. Our neighbours and friends invite us over for makan during Chinese New Year, Deepavali or Hari Raya. Our youths travel and experience the world. They come back eager to apply what they have seen and learnt around the world back home. Our grandparents and parents bring us up and nurture us. They are living examples of how by working hard, we can build better lives for ourselves and our children. So, we are all living the Singapore Story, keeping it alive. We must sustain and pass on this shared vision of prospering together, progressing together. That way, we will make this little red dot shine bright in the world as well as in our hearts for many, many years to come. 4.00 pm
Mr Low Thia Khiang (Aljunied)55 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, Sir, I would like to seek a clarification from the Prime Minister. Given that the 4G leadership, especially the three frontrunners for the next Prime Minister, largely come from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) or the Civil Service, is it not a sign that there is now a political elite class in Singapore?
Mr Lee Hsien Loong212 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, Sir, this is an example of the way not to think about the problem. When you look at the person, you ask: "Is he making a contribution, what are his strengths and weaknesses, what are his contributions, does he or does he not measure up?" You do not ask "Where did he come from?[+8 sentences] Who are his parents?" Is it bad to come from the Civil Service or the SAF? No. Is it necessary to come from there? No. Is it good to have people from a wide range? Yes. And we do have a wide range. He talked about three frontrunners. I do not know how many people are running. I just said it is not a horse race.[+1 sentence] It is a team. I have people from the private sector, I have doctors, I have lawyers, I have brought in new people from the backbenchers, some of whom are also from the private sector with business experience. So, we are looking for people, wherever we can find them, to bring in to form a Singapore Team.[+1 sentence] And the stronger this team is, the harder I make Mr Low's job. And I cannot help it because of my objective. I just want the best team for Singapore. 4.02 pm
Mr Azmoon Ahmad (Nominated Member)1668 words
[+6 sentences]Good afternoon. I think I will have a tough job today. First and foremost, this is the speech after the Prime Minister; secondly, with all the Ministers in front of me, even much tougher now. Anyway, I have to do the job. Mr Speaker, Sir, please allow me to deliver the first part of my speech in Malay. (In Malay): Hon Speaker and my fellow hon Parliamentary colleagues. As we prepare to face an uncertain future, we should always remind ourselves that we need to move forward as one people and one nation and ensure that no one is forgotten or left behind.[+3 sentences] In our search for success to achieve prosperity and stability, let us not forget those who may struggle in this race of life. I am quite concerned with our highly competitive life – whereby "success" is measured solely from one’s economic status or the position that one achieves in one’s career – to the extent that sometimes, we forget how to be a society with a heart. Mr Speaker, my worry is that we will forget to be gracious and courteous, to be friendly, generous, humble, and empathise with one another, to the point that we are only focused on achieving what we deem to be "success" in our eyes. In my view, success should also be measured based on, and by including, the things that we can do to help those in need so that we succeed together, and help the whole society progress together, regardless of race and religion, so that no one is left behind or forgotten.[+6 sentences] The global situation remains volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous, or what is known as a VUCA world, so it is important that we continue to learn and re-learn, so that we can be resilient. Disruptions and economic changes, whether globally or locally, are clearly becoming more frequent, and this requires adaptability. I am confident that those who are able to adapt can survive, ending in success and progress. The need to adapt is not limited to any particular community, and no one is exempted. Instead, every member of society needs to adapt and change with the circumstances. This includes our Malay community. In general, based on official figures, evidence and anecdotes, we can see more and more Malays who have achieved the pinnacle of success.[+20 sentences] We are presented with many success stories about the community. There are more Malays in leadership positions, as well as holding key appointments in various organisations and companies – in both the public and private sectors. However, as I mentioned earlier, we need to measure success holistically, by looking at how far the whole society has progressed together, with no one forgotten or left behind. Mr Speaker, this means that while we celebrate those at the pinnacle of success, we should not forget those who may have to struggle in their daily lives. Since the Malay community is a small community, this means that the "gotong royong" spirit of helping one another can be easily implemented and expanded. Therefore, I would like to call on those who are successful in life to step forward and give back to society. Let us all help not only those in need, but also the whole society. Helping someone does not necessarily mean giving financial help solely. In fact, help can be rendered in many forms, for instance, spending some time to help out or contribute ideas to organisations that need it. There are many Malay bodies that are constantly looking out for capable members of the community to serve in their board of administrators and work together in community service projects that are co-organised. The expertise of someone with a successful career can be used to benefit society through sharing sessions and exchanging of intellectual ideas. For example, our youths can benefit from people with rich experience who become mentors to those who need it. Mr Speaker, I would like to appeal to those who have succeeded, let us together ignite the spirit of helping one another – take the first step, and introduce yourself to society and the organisations; contribute as much as possible and help the community in any way you can. Furthermore, in order to answer the President’s call that we become an exceptional nation and society, we must be bold enough to challenge ourselves in terms of the current way of running things. It is impossible for us to become an exceptional society if we do not change our ways. Change must come first if we wish to achieve progress and success. Although our community has progressed and achieved success in many areas, we are still hampered by social issues. Obviously, this is a problem that we are not proud of. I admit that many efforts have been launched and implemented. However, the outcomes are less than satisfactory to me. Let us all step forward as one bold community and review all the current platforms like the Community Leaders Forum (CLF), so that it stays relevant and functions as our community’s launchpad that can fulfil our aspirations and meet the challenges in the coming years and decades.[+12 sentences] Let us unite as a society with a heart and be able to work together so that our community can progress and prosper, in line with the nation’s objectives. Mr Speaker, as the Malay proverb goes, "We carry the load together, whether it’s heavy or light", so let us build one nation together and make our community exceptional. (In English) Mr Speaker, please allow me to continue my speech in English. In the President’s Address, President Halimah reminded us of the need to continue progressing and to build an exceptional nation. In the Address, her Excellency encouraged us to consider taking bold steps to challenge the status quo, if it can lead us to reach the pinnacle of "extraordinary". Encouraging the 4G leaders to explore and to do what is necessary to make Singapore an exceptional place, I am heartened. Not only should we achieve economically, but also achieving as a gracious society, and society with a heart. However, the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) world that we live in now means that challenges abound for all of us. Each challenge means differently to each of us. Some of us may thrive, while some may falter. My fear is that in our zealousness to face and overcome these challenges head on, we may forget the ones who are struggling and falling behind and eventually forget how to be a society with a heart. Mr Speaker, Sir, the truth is, I believe success should also include and be measured by what you do to help others to succeed too, and help the whole society progress together, with no one left behind. When the future is uncertain, the most vulnerable tend to be at a higher risk of needing financial and social help.[+10 sentences] But, surely, those who are better off will feel a certain amount of anxiety as well. When that happens, does it mean they will tighten their purse strings and keep their wealth for a rainy day instead of helping others who are in dire need of help? I hope not. I hope that we, as a society, will do our part in helping others overcome the challenges associated with a VUCA world, be it through volunteer work, donations or some other ways. Only when we keep a look out for each other and ensure we advance towards the future together, can we then claim to be a society with a heart. There are many facets in building a society with a heart. Apart from encouraging Singaporeans to be kinder, more empathetic and generous, the Government too has a responsibility to ensure all segments of Singaporeans are well taken care of and division does not happen. Mr Speaker, Sir, when we speak of division or divide, we often focus on the socioeconomic divide but we rarely discuss the potential of an inter-generational divide. We owe our thriving city to our parents, grandparents and the generations before them who helped mould Singapore into the country it is now. However, enough time has passed that some of us may have forgotten their contributions and take them for granted, leading to inter-generational conflict. As we have all been made aware, a rise in taxes in the near future to support an ageing population may be expected. But while Singaporeans have so far accepted tax increments to help fund subsidies for vulnerable groups, including the elderly, unhappiness may arise among other groups if this were to continue in the long run. Our younger citizens may demand a reduction in older citizens’ benefits or expect similar benefits for themselves in the future, leading to inter-generational conflict. A rising number of seniors may also want to remain in their last jobs or aspire to better jobs while the next generation is eager to take over positions at the top. This could heighten job market anxieties among the young, particularly if special provisions are made for older employees to retain their jobs for a longer period.[+6 sentences] While these scenarios are likely and can possibly cause conflict between generations, I believe our Government, and especially the 4G leaders, shall have the wisdom to ensure the needs of all Singaporeans are satisfactorily met and not at the expense of others. But we must remind ourselves that again, success can be truly measured by how we advance and progress together as a whole, and this sometimes entails making small sacrifices to ensure those in need are not neglected. Mr Speaker, Sir, the future is fraught with uncertainty, and this has caused some degree of anxiety among all Singaporeans. However, I am certain that if we band together and lend support to one another, we can emerge stronger through the adversities and challenges. Let us work together and achieve the exceptional nation we want to become. Mr Speaker, Sir, with that, I support the Motion. 4.16 pm
The Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministers for Education and Manpower (Ms Low Yen Ling)2786 words
[+12 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I thank the President for her Address to this House. Singapore has always been a place of promise and possibilities, attracting many ashore. And today, we continue to create new opportunities for Singaporeans from all walks of life. President Halimah’s Address has set out our vision towards developing a vibrant economy that invests in the skills and talents of our people. We aspire to be a caring and inclusive nation at the workplace too. We envisage a Singapore where young graduates, older workers and women have ample opportunities to discover their potential and have a fulfilling work life. Last Sunday was Mother’s Day and my family celebrated it with a simple meal with my 67-year-old mother. She has always been our pillar of strength, and despite her age, she insists on working because it keeps her going. She had worked throughout her life, dancing a delicate balance between family commitments and her job when we were younger and later caring for my ageing grandmother. Like her and like many mothers, we want the best for our family, and at the same time, we strive to give our all at home and at work. Thankfully, Singaporean women today are better positioned to juggle between the worlds of home and work as we are starting from a higher vantage point than before. Over the years, Singaporean women have made strides in education and at work. Last year, more women than men graduated with a first degree from our local universities. We had about 8,200 female graduates, compared to 7,700 males.[+3 sentences] Close to 40% of those who graduated from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) courses in our homegrown universities comprise of women. More than a third of our STEM polytechnic graduates are also female. More women are now in the workforce. Our female employment rate has grown from 64% in 2007 to 72% in 2017.[+2 sentences] In terms of women in full-time employment, we are now ranked sixth when compared with the OECD nations. With meritocracy and better education, our women are inching up the gender pay gap. In 2017, women in our resident workforce, in general, earned 9% less than men.[+20 sentences] This places us in the company of the top 10 OECD countries, and ahead of countries like Australia, Germany, the UK and the US. Median incomes of women in occupations like accountants, securities and finance brokers were higher than men. However, we still have some way to go. I agree with Miss Cheryl Chan, Ms Thanaletchimi and Ms Tin Pei Ling that there is more to be done to encourage women to remain in the workforce. While our full-time employment rate for women is ranked highly compared to the other OECD countries, our part-time employment rate is not. We want to close this gap as much as possible because employers as well as female employees stand to gain from Flexible Work Arrangements (FWAs). Companies that offer FWAs do better in attracting and retaining the best talents. In addition, a survey in 2016 found that majority of such companies reported higher employee staff morale and improved productivity. Women who have the options of FWAs do not need to choose between full-time work and zero-time work, and they are able to stay in touch with the marketplace with their skills and with their experience. Instead of having our women opt out of work, we want to empower our women with choices to opt in, and stay in the workforce. With the right support, women can have the chance to fulfil both our family and also our career aspirations. However, we also know that it is not easy for all companies to offer FWAs due to specific work conditions or rigid working hours. Several Members of Parliament including Miss Cheryl Chan, Dr Intan and Ms Thanaletchimi spoke passionately in the House on this topic with ideas to legislate FWAs or other family-support leave entitlements. These suggestions are not new, and we know that laws alone do not change social behaviours and mindsets. Our approach is a practical one, combining legislation and promotional efforts. In addition, advances in technology and communication can also help to facilitate FWAs. MOM is strongly committed to growing the number of companies with FWAs. Firstly, we are enhancing the WorkPro Work-Life Grant with $30 million to encourage and help more employers provide FWAs. The grant also provides additional support for job-sharing arrangements, in recognition that it is harder for employers to provide this type of FWA. Secondly, we will encourage more employers to adopt the Tripartite Standard on FWAs which sets the benchmark for organisations and employees to achieve more flexible work options. To date, more than 500 employers, with about 300,000 employees, have adopted this Standard.[+16 sentences] These employers have publicly pledged to offer FWAs and each of them will appoint a senior management member to champion FWAs in their organisation. They are committed to exploring alternative arrangements with their employees should there be difficulties in forming FWAs in their company. At MOM, we want to encourage employers who have not pledged their support to do so. With effect from 5 May 2018, companies can now sign up onto the Tripartite Standards through the Jobs Bank. Previously, they can only do so through the Tripartite Alliance for Fair and Progressive Employment Practices (TAFEP) website. With one more additional platform, it is really now a lot easier for our companies to adopt the Standards. Thirdly, MOM will continue to promote FWAs as part and parcel of the modern work life. In today’s age of technology and Internet of Things (IoT), managers, supervisors and co-workers can no longer equate face-to-face time and physical presence at work with an employee’s capability. So, Mr Speaker, Sir, we really need a mindset change that respects, a mindset change that provides and a mindset change that supports choices and supports flexibility at work. This cultural shift will also mean that someone who puts up a request for part-time work or puts up a request for flexible work will not be deemed as a lesser employee. Together with our tripartite partners, we will press on to deepen and also widen our efforts to support Singaporean women at work by making FWAs more pervasive and also across the board. Women will have more power to make choices for ourselves and our families, and also the freedom to belong to the workplace as long as we wish to. Mr Speaker, Sir, allow me to say something about age-inclusive workforce and society. I want to thank Mr Ng Chee Meng and Mr Heng Chee How for their heartfelt and insightful thoughts on how we can help older Singaporeans stay employable and also adaptable and continue to be valuable contributors to our workplace and to our society. This resonates with what the fourth-generation leaders envision for an inclusive and caring Singapore workforce. Throughout the years, we have made progress in supporting our older workers’ choice to work. In the last decade, the employment rate of residents aged 55 years old to 64 years old has grown from 56% in 2007 to 67% in 2017. This places Singapore in the ninth place when compared to the OECD countries, and higher than countries such as Australia, Korea, the US and the UK. Since re-employment laws were introduced in 2012, over 98% of private sector local employees who wished to continue working at 62 years old, were offered re-employment.[+20 sentences] The vast majority of those who accepted re-employment in the same job did not experience any cut in basic wages. Sixty seven-years-old Ms Margaret Tan is one of our older workers who has been with Mandarin Oriental Hotel for the past 14 years. As a Senior Guest Service Manager, she leads a team of over 80 staff. She is a keen learner; she earned two specialist diplomas in the last two years. When she was 65 years old, she embarked on a specialist diploma and within two years, she earned two specialist diplomas. The first one is in Leadership and People, the other one in Service Excellence. As Mr Heng Chee How pointed out, it takes two hands to clap. We need willing and far-sighted employers, as well as able and also active older employees to join hands and make our workplace age inclusive. Like Mandarin Oriental Hotel, employers that embrace progressive workplace practices which prioritise a person’s abilities over his or her age, they really stand to gain from the deep experience, they stand to gain from the reliability and they stand to gain from the loyalty that our mature workers will bring with them. Older Singaporeans who are ready to adapt and keep on learning, like Ms Margaret Tan, make it attractive for employers to see their potential and view them as valuable assets. I agree with Mr Ng Chee Meng, Mr Heng Chee How and also Dr Chia Shi-Lu that ageism has absolutely no place in our society or even workplace. MOM will focus on resources to support companies to unlock the potential of our older workers. We will do so in three ways. Firstly, we will continue to provide funding support to employers to redesign their workplace and make the jobs of older workers easier, safer and smarter. Secondly, we will enable and encourage employers to publicly commit to making their workplaces more age-friendly. Thirdly, we will push for more age-inclusive behaviour and move towards eradicating ageism. Mr Speaker, Sir, for a nation with no natural resources, every citizen, young or old, is an important asset. In President Halimah’s words, and I quote, this “small, multi-cultural city state…must survive and thrive on the wits and will of its people.” I believe our young Singaporeans have the potential to keep this red dot going strong. We have invested in their education, knowledge and skills, and will continue to give them the edge to hold their own when they start their careers. Today, the employment rate of our fresh graduates is healthy – about 90% of those from the autonomous universities and polytechnics, and 85% for ITE graduates.[+13 sentences] According to the 2016 Graduate Employment Survey, a good majority of new graduates in full-time permanent employment are also employed in jobs related to their fields of study and that is 81% from autonomous universities and 72% for polytechnic graduates. In addition, the gross median salary of Post-Secondary Education Institution (PSEI) graduates surveyed approximately six months after their final exams is also on an upward trend. We will continue to strengthen our efforts to help our new graduates maximise their potential to achieve positive employment outcome. In a fast-paced and changing world, they need to be well-armed with information and also knowledge to navigate upcoming trends and future-proof themselves for what is ahead. The rise of the gig economy and also disruptions to traditional occupations throw up a diversity of work options that graduates did not use to have. With these in mind, we have deepened our work on these fronts. Firstly, information. We have extended the annual snapshot of employment outcomes for fresh graduates on what is known as the Graduate Employment Survey, to cover all private education institutions with full-time employment programmes. This allows our graduates to make better informed decisions on their choice to work or to further their studies. Secondly, career guidance. MOM keeps a pulse on the career trends and aspirations of students from our universities, polytechnics and ITE. We work closely with MOE to guide the students in their career and education choices. A structured education and career guidance (ECG) curriculum and access to ECG-trained counsellors, teachers and lecturers help our students discover their strengths and their career interests. In addition, tools such as the MySkillsFuture portal as well as internships, learning journeys, mentorships and career talks – all these form an immersive experience to help our young graduates gain a better understanding of the industries they are trained for.[+1 sentence] Thirdly, job search. We will boost the job search skills of graduating students and enhance their lifelong learning career planning with a new Career Starter Programme. Offered by the Workforce Singapore (WSG) in collaboration with our autonomous universities, polytechnics and ITEs, this new initiative will also offer job search-related training workshops, industry engagement opportunities, virtual and physical career fairs, job referrals and also post-placement support.[+6 sentences] More details will be shared at a later date. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, our young graduates benefit from a good education system in Singapore. Please allow me to respond to some of Mr Png Eng Huat's points that he raised earlier. I want to assure him that all schools are subject to the same level of funding for capital expenditure, such as infrastructure, IT and operating costs such as manpower and repairs. All schools can also receive additional funding for special programmes such as electives, overseas trips for experiential learning. However, there is differential funding for building of facilities. For standard facilities such as indoor hall or basketball courts, Government schools will be funded 100% while the Government-aided and independent schools have to raise funds to co-fund some of these facilities. So, this is actually contrary to what Mr Png has mentioned earlier. I must also add that MOE does not fund non-standard facilities such as tennis courts.[+10 sentences] We approve the building of non-standard facilities on a case-by-case basis, provided there is significant education value to our students. And these schools will have to raise funds to fully pay for these facilities. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, allow me to say few words in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): Singapore has been and must continue to be a nation full of opportunities for Singaporeans from all walks of life. MOM’s ambition is for all Singaporeans who are able and willing to work, regardless of gender, age or background, to be able to continue doing so. Helping all our workers, whether men or women, young or old, achieve their work and life aspirations requires change from everyone involved. First of all, our workers must adopt a mindset change to embrace new technologies, be open to change and upskill themselves to remain competitive. If workers are willing to stay relevant by upskilling and reskilling themselves, their productivity and efficiency will be able to keep up with times. I believe, by doing so, workplace ageism and sexism will be eradicated slowly. Secondly, our employers must change to take the larger view that progressive human resources (HR) practices will benefit the company by attracting and retaining talents and cultivating more committed employees. In this area, MOM will focus our resources on supporting companies to provide FWAs to help our women fulfil both their career and family aspirations.[+2 sentences] Thirdly, the whole society must also change their prejudice and support the culture of inclusivity, and embrace diversity in our workforce. For our young people, we need to support them to leverage their strengths, and choose career and education pathways that will give them the greatest competitive advantage. Achievement and success can come in many forms. This is consistent with MOE’s philosophy of "Many pathways, New Opportunities".[+14 sentences] We believe that as long as Singaporeans leverage on their strengths and pursue excellence in fields that they are passionate in, they will find success. I have just joined MOM and I look forward to working with the employers, employees and the community to develop a more inclusive workforce. I also hope that Singaporeans from all walks of life can explore together how we can promote a more progressive, enlightened and inclusive workplace culture. (In English): Mr Deputy Speaker, amid an uncertain external environment, we can hold fast to our foundation of meritocracy and also inclusion, as well as joint aspirations for success. Together, we can forge opportunities for all in the workforce, including women, the young as well as the old. With a receptive mindset, our workers can embrace learning and new trends, and adapt to stay relevant throughout changing times. Employers who invest in progressive work practices with foresight and with courage will attract the best talents and they are able to move their organisations forward. So, really, we need all of society, everyone, to support a culture of inclusion at the workplace with kindness, with understanding and with openness. We are our nation's best resources. We may be small but when we come together, we are bigger than the sums of all our dreams and all our hopes. So, we can afford to be bold, because with inclusiveness, we become stronger. We have started on the road to progress. So, let us not set limits on ourselves, but together, let us blaze the future for a Singapore Unlimited. I support the Motion. 4.36 pm
Mr Darryl David (Ang Mo Kio)1965 words
[+16 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion of Thanks to the President. In her speech on how the Government can build a strong partnership with people to co-create the Singapore of the future, President Halimah Yacob emphasised the need of the fourth-generation leaders to work with Singaporeans to build a vibrant Singapore that is full of opportunities, and to create a cohesive and inclusive society that caters to the needs of different societal segments. Mdm President also spoke about the importance of making Singapore a great place to have children, and to enable people with differences to lead full and active lives. It is with this in mind that I would like to focus my speech on catering to the divergent and differentiated learning needs of a particular segment of children and how the Government could enhance education options for these children, specifically those who are of primary-school going age. I would also like to declare my interest as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of a private education organisation. Singapore has a well-regarded education system that is both recognised and admired worldwide. Bodies, such as OECD consistently rate our education system as one of the best in the world and, as we were reminded by the Education Minister in his speech, our students have achieved remarkable Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results. The primary school system that we have built is well-suited to cater to mainstream learners who are able to function and learn in what is predominantly an examination-based academic environment. In such a system, students who were able to perform well in summative-assessments, such as tests and examinations would do well, thus culminating in what most parents will agree is the mother-of-all-summative-assessments, the PSLE. I do not intend to comment on the PSLE in this speech. I believe that this has been commented on before and will indeed continue to be debated for some time in this Chamber at the future. Indeed, I have to commend MOE for trying to lessen the examination-based academic aspect of the PSLE by providing for schemes like the Direct School Admission (DSA) to allow students to enrol in secondary schools using other criteria apart from their PSLE score. The replacement of the T-score with wider achievement levels in 2021 is also a positive step in the right direction. My point is that while the majority of neurotypical students in mainstream MOE primary schools tend to function well in this system, there are also those neurodivergent students with differentiated learning needs who would perhaps perform better in an environment and system that is different from the typical mainstream MOE primary schools. I am not referring to students with clear special learning needs that are already enrolled in Special Education (SPED) schools, such as those operated by Association for Persons with Special Needs (APSN), the Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore (MINDS), the Asian Women’s Welfare Association (AWWA) and other volunteer welfare organisations (VWOs) and non-governmental organisation (NGOs). SPED school students often have moderate to serious physical and/or intellectual challenges that will make it difficult for them to make it in the mainstream education system, and it is good that MOE and the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) have worked with these organisations to provide options and opportunities for these students to form the foundation for independent and meaningful lives and careers. In 2004, MOE partnered with the Autism Resource Centre to set up Pathlight School. The aim was to create the first autism-focused school in Singapore that offered Singapore's mainstream academic curriculum together with life readiness skills and to cater primarily to students with autism and related disorders. These students are cognitively able to access mainstream academic curriculum but require additional support, such as smaller class sizes, special accommodations and teaching staff trained in autism.[+4 sentences] Pathlight has since grown from strength to strength, thanks in no small part to the vision and tireless work of a lady that I have tremendous respect for – my hon Parliamentary colleague, Ms Denise Phua. And I am confident that Ms Phua and her team will continue to "light the path" for many children and young adults on the autism spectrum in the future. The neurodivergent children I am hoping that MOE can provide enhanced educational options for are those primary school students who have neuroatypical conditions that are not so severe or challenging that would require them to enrol in SPEDs or Pathlight but are presently finding it challenging to cope with these conditions in mainstream primary schools. Indeed, these students are not just able to merely grasp the mainstream primary school academic curriculum, many of them are even able to excel in it. Consider the case of 10-year-old Primary 4 student Xavier Wong, who was featured in The Straits Times on 10 May this year. Xavier, who is able to solve mathematics problems that are two years ahead of his level and has an IQ that places him in the top 2% of the population, was diagnosed with mild attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and his behaviour has, at times, proven to be disruptive to his classmates and teachers.[+4 sentences] Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, there are many children like Xavier with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder, Sensory Processing Disorder, Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, Aspergers, Autism and other neuroatypical conditions who find aspects of mainstream primary school challenging. MOE has, in recent years, worked very closely with educational and developmental psychologists to offer early detection and interventions for children with special learning needs and has also offered support programmes in mainstream schools for students with dyslexia, mild autism, and ADHD. I sincerely hope that MOE will continue to do good work in this area, but I feel that these programmes are still insufficient to cater to increasingly complex learning needs of our children. Furthermore, unless the Allied Educators-to-students ratio is lowered, it is also very hard for these Allied Educators to cater to the needs of working with such a large group of students in mainstream schools. The class sizes, environments and curricula of the mainstream schools are also not ideal for neurodivergent students who have differentiated learning needs. I would thus like ask MOE to consider facilitating the setting up of autonomous specialised primary schools to cater to these neurodivergent students so that these students are able to study in a specially designed and planned environment that caters to their unique learning needs. Aside from the environment and learning spaces, such schools could be given the freedom to design their own curriculum, determine their own class sizes, hire their own staff with the specialised skill sets and even set their own fees.[+3 sentences] This would be in line with the Pathlight model, but perhaps on a smaller scale and with more autonomy given to the schools. I believe that there would be VWOs and NGOs like AWWA or the Dyslexia Association of Singapore who would have the expertise and know-how to set up these autonomous specialised schools. Other organisations who might be inclined to provide such services could be religious organisations or established private education providers, and interested parties could even be partnered with philanthropic organisations or charities, or even corporate entities who are willing to co-fund this initiative. MOE could facilitate the setting up of these schools and could also further assist by working with the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) to allow for these schools to be set up in the compound of vacant former MOE schools.[+6 sentences] Perhaps, a cluster of smaller, autonomous specialised schools could even be housed in a single building to create a unique learning community for neurodivergent children. These schools would be set up with the same national education perimeters and guidelines as the mainstream schools, with the same flag-raising ceremonies, the singing of the national anthem, the reciting of the pledge and the incorporation of the National Education (NE) modules into the curriculum. I noted that my Parliamentary colleague Miss Cheryl Chan had earlier suggested for students with special needs to be given a "through-train" pathway to secondary school. I think that this is a suggestion worth exploring, but if MOE still feels that the PSLE is relevant to neurodivergent students, then students from these proposed autonomous specialised schools could still be required to take this examination. The key difference is that these schools would have the freedom and autonomy to prepare their students for the PSLE in the way that they deem would be best to cater to these students’ diverse learning needs. I am sure that there are potential concerns that fees of these autonomous schools, if they are privately funded for example, would price themselves out of the reach of students who need them the most. One of the ways that MOE could mitigate this concern is by mandating a tiered-schools fee structure where families who have financial means will pay the full school fees of such schools, while families who are less well-off could pay a subsidised rate, or they could qualify for bursaries from the school itself.[+6 sentences] It could also be mandatory for these schools to include a certain percentage of these students at subsidised fees. This, Mr Deputy Speaker, in effect, helps to ensure a more equal distribution of resources from the community as those who have the means to afford such education would be, in effect helping those who do not. And such guidelines would also ensure that these autonomous specialised schools could actually have a more diverse and varied student demographic than some primary schools from certain residential regions in Singapore today. So, one can set up such schools and ensure that they remain accessible. Now, this I believe is an idea worth piloting. In conclusion, Mr Deputy Speaker, in the early-2000s, MOE set out bold plans to transform the post-primary education sector. In less than 10 years, institutions such as the Singapore Sports School, School of The Arts, School of Science and Technology, NUS High, Integrated Programme (IP) institutions, International Baccalaureate (IB) schools and privately funded international schools were all set up.[+9 sentences] These schools and their programmes have allowed students to explore many more tracks and pathways that cater to their learning needs, capabilities and aspirations. In recent times, MOE has also made an impact in the pre-primary early childhood education sector by setting up MOE kindergartens and mega pre-schools to ensure a base-line quality for early childhood education, while still allowing private early childhood education options to exist. This has ensured variety and choice for parents who might want different types of education for their young children based on their preferences and whatever their children's needs might be. Having transformed the post-primary sector and with increasing involvement in the pre-primary sector, it now makes sense for the Government to go one more step further and look at diverse options and pathways in the primary school system. I believe that diversity actually creates a stronger and more resilient system overall, which will in turn enhance the entire education ecosystem. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I am not advocating a “bold” radical revamp of the education sector. Indeed, I feel that the word “bold” has been somewhat overused in this Chamber in the past few days. What I am hoping for is for the Government to continue the good work that it has already done in our education landscape. What I am hoping for is an escalation of this progressive evolution, with a focus on facilitating the creation of more primary education pathways for neurodivergent children. What I am hoping for is for parents to have more choices and options in terms of how they would like to educate their children. And if we get the education of our children right, then we get the future of our country right. 4.48 pm
Ms Denise Phua Lay Peng (Jalan Besar)1905 words
[+19 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. We are no longer in the Third Industrial Revolution where computers were mere tools to aid us in automation and productivity. In what many believe is the Fourth Industrial Revolution, artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can now self-learn and self-improve to the extent that one day, many more job groups including those in the middle levels such as radiographers and bookkeepers, jobs like that can disappear. Jobs such as drone operators, app developers and sustainability engineers are jobs that did not exist 10 years ago. Previously, handmade dumplings or 手工水饺 are now made in factories without human beings, or what the Chinese call 无人工厂 in China; and even beggars in China have already gone cashless, with many having their own QR codes or other online access for givers to transfer monies directly. Closer to home, a friend of mine who incorporated a business and was looking for a new corporate logo. Instead of using the traditional means to seek out a local designer, he approached an online global design service provider. For about S$400, an automated online system organised a global competition of logo designers who submitted a total of 50 designs, out of which five were shortlisted and then after further briefing and discussion with the designers, one was selected by my friend. This is the sort of boundary-less global marketplace, global labour market that is impacting Singaporeans; a world that presents either threats or opportunities, depending on how future-ready Singapore is. Sir, what I have just described – the factory with no humans; the online global design house; jobs that will disappear and new jobs that never existed before – that is the external setting that Singapore has to find our place in. In a world such as this, whilst all of us will learn to be consumers of technology, many more need to be developers as well in order to stay relevant. A dual economy of a different kind is emerging – people and businesses who thrive in this new world versus those who will barely survive; one that can cause inequality and tensions in a small nation-state like ours. Against this backdrop, it is no wonder that President Halimah had called upon the 4G leaders to go for bold changes and not be contented to tweak things at the margins. And indeed, business cannot be as usual. Sir, I will focus on education because I firmly believe that a good education is the most powerful means to access a better life for every Singaporean. First, on education for adults, on SkillsFuture. The boldest move in Singapore in education in recent years has been the inclusion of adult learners into the mission of MOE; a very bold move, a significant one that must be applauded. Indeed, as German psychologist Eric Fromm puts it, why should society feel responsible only for the education of children, and not for the education of all adults of every age? For the typical workforce, it is still early days to know if the SkillsFuture movement will fully realise its mission to transform Singaporeans to take charge of their own learning; be less obsessed with chasing the paper and to be more obsessed with mastering the skills and staying ahead of the game in their vocations, a mantra often repeated by Minister Ong Ye Kung. The take-up rate of the SkillsFuture credit of $500 per adult citizen has, in the last year, doubled from about 6% to 12%; a positive sign, but there is much more to do. For the non-traditional workforce such as those with special needs, the SkillsFuture movement has not yet made them its priority and accorded the attention it deserves. This will be a non-traditional workforce that can be tapped upon.[+1 sentence] Sir, the SkillsFuture movement is an important one to secure Singapore’s future. So, I urge the Ministry to conduct a review with all its key stakeholders to: One, identify the root causes of why SkillsFuture has not attained more traction than it deserves. Two, develop and resource further strategies, both bold and incremental, on how more adult Singaporeans can be transformed to take on the opportunities and threats posed by a global marketplace and the labour market. Three, develop robust SkillsFuture plans to equip adult Singaporeans most at risk of being left behind, such as those with special needs.[+18 sentences] Think about turning competent special schools into lifelong learning institutions or Continuing Education and Training (CET) providers to train their alumni or others with similar learning profiles. Let me turn next to the education of our younger ones. It was only as recent as two months ago in this House that I had called for boldness in tackling the excessive obsession and time spent preparing for high-stakes exam in particular, the PSLE. I will say a few words about it since it is a hot topic. Sir, I am not surprised by the Minister's position or the Ministry's position that PSLE is here to stay because it is welcomed, as quoted by Minister, it is welcomed by a segment of Singaporeans. But Sir, it is unfair to ask Singaporeans to give up something when they are not given the knowledge or the hope for a better alternative. After all, doing well in high-stakes exams has long been seen in Singaporeans as the passport to top schools and hopefully, top jobs later; never mind the disproportionate amount of time, money and stress to prepare for it. Lifelong learning is a mindset and habit often formed during one’s younger school days and a difficult one to cultivate when one is older. Our schools will need the time and resources to do the upstream work that is critical in developing a curiosity and a love for learning. And without this habit, it is futile in adulthood, to try to develop every Singaporean to his fullest potential – the mission of SkillsFuture. Learning from other systems, more than once in this House, I had shared about other schools' models like the Yun-Ku School that was recently launched by Alibaba founder Mr Jack Ma, a former teacher himself. I have shared about his 10-year school system and also shared about other school systems in other parts of the world and inclusive models that have done none the worse elsewhere in the world. Locally, I had the chance to witness a home-schooling system that had scaled up to a school. I saw how a repository of learning resources are accessible to both students and staff; how each child is taught to be self-driven in this school to set his own learning goals; how each teacher is truly a facilitator; how their academic rigour in this school led to standards that met both local and overseas tertiary admission criteria; and although in this school, I saw that technology could have been applied more widely, yet it displayed many attractive features of what good education comprises. Sir, I have met many passionate educators including school leaders who agree and who are willing to pilot a better alternative to our current school system, especially for the younger ones. I am confident that we can learn from the strengths of our local systems and that of others to present a better alternative to the current model where the high-stakes PSLE has become the holy grail. It is up to the Minister and his advisers to decide if piloting a better alternative is a bold or a reckless move. Questions to ask of our current school system. Singapore has often prided itself on doing well in the global stage. We were reminded yesterday again by Minister that we are top in the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) ranking in 2015, second to none.[+3 sentences] Do not get me wrong. There is merit to learning from the experts from the OECD and the like; and to know where we stand versus other countries. But the PISA is but a test of the skills and knowledge of 15-year-olds who have a whole life ahead of them, at least another 60 years according to life span statistics. Surely, there should be other data points to measure if we are doing right in trying to develop every Singaporean to his fullest potential and nurture lifelong learners for the future – part of the Addendum that is released by the Ministry.[+3 sentences] PSLE or no PSLE? Smaller or big class sizes? To stream or not to stream? These questions may soon be less important than asking ourselves the following questions: One, does our current education system for our young produce the self-driven, self-motivated, agile lifelong adult learners who are able to survive and thrive in the new age of rapid technological disruptions? Two, what are the process and outcome milestones we are driving at, in view of the external and domestic setting the 4G Government is now in? Three, if we were starting from a clean slate, what would our education landscape or education system look like?[+7 sentences] How can we reimagine it? Four, what is the new curriculum, beyond coding and computational thinking skills, does our lifelong education system need to deliver in this rapidly changing world? Five, what are the features of our current system that we must retain at all cost? Six, what are the features that are causing pains but have become sacred cows that we have learnt to revere and even defend? Seven, how do we maximise the potential of every Singaporean, regardless of their learning ability and profile, and ensure an inclusive education system for all? Sir, I believe these are the questions that not only the 4G Government should ask and seek answers to. The rest of us Singaporeans who care for our country, who are concerned for our future should ponder over them too. Minister Ong Ye Kung spoke about the unfinished business of tackling inequality in this House yesterday – on the income gap that he is concerned about; about growing the middle-income core; social mobility and the need for interaction between groups from different socioeconomic classes.[+9 sentences] Education is a crucial tool to help finish the unfinished business of addressing inequality. Education equips Singaporeans to maximise their potential to work, to earn more and to enjoy a better quality of life; to be socially mobile and to provide the opportunity to learn and play together with fellow Singaporeans who are different from us. It can empower us to become not only successful for ourselves, but also use the fruits of education to bless others beyond ourselves. Education is thus too important to leave it to only the educators. It affects all of our lives, and we should jointly envision, co-shape and support a lifelong education system that is uniquely Singapore and second to none. Sir, if a ladder is not leaning against the right wall, as someone once said, then every step we take just gets us to the wrong place faster. The Government therefore can and should make changes to the system for the better and the longer good and ensure the education ladder in our country leans against the right wall. As for the rest of Singapore, Sir, we too must take our place and support, build and climb that ladder that will lead us to the right wall. Only then can the dream of fulfilling the potential of every Singaporean become a reality, and not a slogan. 5.00 pm
Mr Chong Kee Hiong (Bishan-Toa Payoh)1696 words
[+11 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion of Thanks to the President. I share the aspirations and concerns the President had expressed in her speech and I would like to take this opportunity to speak on some of them, namely the three "M"s: minimising the negative impact of inequality; mustering the courage to implement bold changes; and mastering technological advances. I am heartened that our Government is committed to minimising the negative impact of inequality. Singapore is a capitalist economy and a meritocracy. In this environment, those who are talented, able and hardworking will be rewarded. But in nature, talents and abilities are not equally distributed. So, what about those who are not as talented or skilled? Hard work alone will only take you so far. We should also not forget that health or personal conditions and circumstances may limit some people's performance at work. Whilst we should continue to encourage reward systems based on output and performance as this is accepted to be fair and justifiable, let us not overlook the problems of the imperfect market. Distorted remunerations of varying magnitudes exist, either paying too much or too little for contributions and work done. To mitigate the impact of consequent inequality, we must provide more assistance to those in need, especially for basic necessities, public housing, healthcare and education. Funds for the needy have to be sourced mainly from our tax revenues, with additional aid from voluntary donations. Hence, we need the endorsement and support from Singaporeans for a tax system which facilitates more transfers from those who are prosperous to those who are less fortunate.[+10 sentences] This way, even the poor in our community can afford a reasonable standard of living. We also face stratification and slowing social mobility. Our population is now more stratified across age groups and income and wealth. Historically, Singapore has been fairly successful in promoting social mobility. The story of our very own President is a good example and we all personally know similar cases like hers, where within one or two generations, families' circumstances are improved substantially. But as our society advances, social mobility slows and the gaps between different income groups gradually widen as accumulated advantages and wealth gets passed on from one generation to the next. As a community, we should start a candid discussion about the strategies to overcome this problem before it becomes too entrenched and difficult to resolve. We may need to modify our policies or social institutions. We should never accept the lack of social mobility as inevitable. Education plays an important role in enabling social mobility. We need to ensure that access to education is not just on a superficial level. We have the KidSTART programme to ensure that children aged six and below from vulnerable families have a "good start" in life through access to health, learning and developmental support. To further ensure that children who have been identified and benefited from the KidSTART programme continue to progress well, there should be similar support for those who need it to do well in primary and secondary school as well.[+7 sentences] Though MOE is committed to make every school a good school, each would still have different access to resources and therefore, indirectly limit the academic and non-academic options available to their students. How do we discover a talented tennis player from a school that does not have a tennis court or offer the sport as a CCA? Are we able to nurture that child who could potentially be a chess grandmaster if he or she is in a school that does not have a Chess Club? There are those who can afford to send their children for private lessons outside of the school. But for those who cannot, how do we level the playing field in both academic and non-academic areas? Aside from education, policies and Government schemes will have different impacts on every individual and family as each face a unique set of challenges. In other words, there would always be groups that fall through the cracks, and we need to look out for them. Hence, I am glad that the Government acknowledges such differences and accept appeals, taking into account mitigating circumstances and changes in family situations. It is important that all our Ministries and agencies be prepared to make exceptions, but I must stress – within limits – to assist those caught at the edges.[+14 sentences] Exercising compassion in the implementation of our policies is helpful in reducing the impact of income inequality in our society. Though the issue of income inequality is not unique to Singapore, there is no one-size-fits-all solution that we can copy from others. The Government needs to continue to pay close attention to the ground, as the price to pay as a result is not restricted to economic consequences but more importantly, could create a tear in our social fabric. Another notable point the President made was about mustering the courage to implement bold changes and not limiting ourselves to taking incremental steps. We are not advocating recklessness but calculated moves into unchartered territories. If we do not take calculated risks, we risk becoming irrelevant anyway, with dire consequences. What is most important is that we must be prepared for trade-offs and failures and have the courage and tenacity to pick ourselves up and try again. Some changes would be unpopular, and our leaders must be able to carry them. Hence, firstly, they have to win the hearts and minds of the people so that Singaporeans would be willing to take a leap of faith together with them. Geopolitics have changed much and so have technologies. Have we made the necessary changes fast enough? Take the field of education. We need to constantly review the relevance of what we teach and how we assess our young. Perhaps we need to revamp our "O" and "A" levels and the subjects taught. Basic and general knowledge in all subjects lay a useful foundation but do we need so many students studying calculus or chemical interactions in such depth? With the pivot to Asia, should our students not be exposed to great Asian classics, such as the "Dream of the Red Chamber", "the Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Ramayana", in addition to works from Shakespeare?[+21 sentences] When we implement changes, especially bold ones, we must ensure that both top-down and bottom-up approaches work hand in hand. This is because while focusing on visions in top-down policies, there may be gaps in the schemes, while bottom-up initiatives may miss the big picture even as gaps are filled. I hope our relevant departments will bear this in mind for our Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs). In addition, bold changes require process re-engineering. To get rid of the old ways of doing things, we have to reduce unnecessary processes to free up time and space for thinking, creativity and problem-solving. Increased efficiency and higher productivity are mutually reinforcing. We have witnessed how technology has disrupted how some commercial activities are organised and executed. A good example would be how quickly e-commerce has changed the dynamics of traditional retail. Similarly, it is timely to rethink how our administrative services can be organised in bold new ways, instead of just trying to incrementally improve how the existing Ministries operate. This will help us to be ahead of the curve to implement change rather than to deal with change. My final point is about technological advances, which are radically changing the way we live, work and interact with one another. We must master these technologies and harness their power to seize the economic opportunities they present. Some residents have expressed their concerns over our drive to become a Smart Nation. They are worried about new complexities and being left behind. They feel that our Government may be pushing this initiative too quickly. I empathise with them but I really do not think we can afford to slow down. We must help them to adapt and catch up through schemes, such as SkillsFuture, but we must get on the tech train. We have an ageing population, but our seniors are better educated than their predecessors. I believe that where there is a will, there is a way. We must understand that we do not really have a choice as we would rather be ahead of the race and not just be in the race along the technology runway. Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently creating a lot of buzz and a lot of worries too. AI systems lead to gains in productivity but threaten jobs in low-paid and low-skilled production industries and jobs that are administrative, clerical and procedural in nature. Most of the productivity gains resulting from the use of AI, robotics and IT will accrue to those who own the patents, the machines and the capital. Hence, whilst we have to nurture more entrepreneurs and technology creators and innovators to reap the benefits and rewards of this technological development, we also need to find ways to more equitably distribute these benefits and rewards so as not to further widen the income gap.[+8 sentences] Whilst we nurture our own talents and build our capabilities, we also need to be a player in the global transfer of expertise and technical know-how to boost local competencies which in turn strengthen the Singaporean Core. We want to continue to draw investments which create good jobs for Singaporeans, including high tech companies, such as those in the field of AI, cloud computing and robotics. However, we are also experiencing an environment of increasing trade protectionism among nations. How can Singapore deal with this current reality and find a path to thrive? The complexion of global trade, economy and foreign relations is changing at a pace that seems much faster than before. Our next generation of leaders will have to be clear in their strategies and nimble in their actions to be able to execute policies that bring Singaporeans together and move Singapore ahead. Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, great changes are afoot, and the waves will be strong. I support the President's call to our new generation to unite and work together to keep Singapore an exceptional country.
[+2 sentences]. (proc text)] [(proc text) 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which she delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the Second Session of this Parliament.'." – (proc text)]
Ms Chia Yong Yong (Nominated Member)2104 words
[+10 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion of thanks to the President for her inspirational and aspirational message for the Second session of the 13th Parliament. In her Address, the President calls for Singaporeans to walk alongside the fourth generation (4G) leaders in partnership to achieve an exceptional Singapore. The concept of partnership means that there is more than one person in this journey. Partners bring to the table their contributions, their strengths, their capital, they have different roles and responsibilities. They have a single commitment but they also bear risks together. That is a concept of a partnership and that is what we need to bear in mind when we build our country. The premise of partnership is trust and, in this debate, in my speech, I would want to focus on the issue of trust. The debate is important because the President's speech is not only for the Second Session of the 13th Parliament. It is a call to Singaporeans to take Singapore forward beyond the 13th Parliament and way into the future. This debate is important because it takes place at a significant juncture in the political history of Singapore. Both the Ruling Party and the leading Opposition party are undergoing leadership transition.[+11 sentences] The issue of trust is critical to all of us. We are blessed to be in a country where the Ruling Party and the leading Opposition party transit leadership in a managed process. And that is not to be taken for granted. But however well-managed, there will be concerns, uncertainties and fears on the ground. Leadership transitions can reasonably be expected to be a time of vulnerability. Such vulnerability is easily exploited and can be exacerbated by circumstances, such as we are in now: shifts in alliances between countries, changes in the domestic landscape, disruption in the global economy, security threats. So, understandably, citizens, like myself, are concerned as to where and how the 4G leaders will lead us, how the leading Opposition party will play its role as a check and balance vis-à-vis the Government. As Singaporeans, we have a stake in Singapore’s future. Visions, plans and policies are important but, just as important, if not more, is whether and how the leaders actualise them. Checks and balances vis-à-vis the Government are important, but just as important if not more important is whether the checks and balances are executed in a constructive and pro-Singapore manner. In other words, whether you are the Ruling Party or the Opposition party, we, the citizens will watch how responsible you are to Singapore. The 4G leaders clearly acknowledged in the President’s speech that they must earn the trust of the people, forge their own bonds afresh with the people, earn the right to lead.[+1 sentence] I believe this applies to all leaders, even those who have been leaders for a long time. The mandate of the people is given only once at every general election. That mandate, in my view, entitles the winning party to form the Government. But it does not give the winning party the right to lead. That right must be earned, no matter how long you have been in Parliament and it must continue to be earned.[+62 sentences] So, I am encouraged by the acknowledgement of the 4G leaders that they must earn the trust of the people and forge their own bonds afresh with the people and earn the right to lead. They, having thus spoken, the citizens will wait and see. It is all about words and actions. We weigh the actions of the leaders against their words. We weigh their words against their actions. The words that precede their action, the words that accompany the action and the words subsequent to the action. The nuances, the shades. We watch their other actions, hear their other words. The totality will be the basis upon which we make our assessment. I will do the same for Opposition politicians and the Public Service. I want to know if you mean what you say and you say what you mean. The 4G leaders and the new leaders of the Workers' Party are not strangers to Singaporeans. But compared to their predecessors, they have had a relatively short time up to now to prove themselves. They have clearly proven themselves within their parties. It is now time to prove themselves to Singaporeans. And this is not going to be easy. You have heard different, discordant noises on the ground. Some may be justified and some not. But all must be taken seriously because all emanate from hearts either of anguish or of passion for Singapore. So, the issue of earning trust is fundamental. And I believe that is why the 4G leaders say they got to earn that trust. Because if I trust my leaders, no matter how vehemently we disagree, I will cast my lot with them. I will pay the price, together with my fellow Singaporeans and leaders, to pave the way for Singapore. But if I do not trust my leaders, they have lost me in the journey. Building trust, however, is not a one-way effort. It requires one party to reach out and another to engage. It will be a long and difficult process. Especially if impressions have been formed, assessments have already been made, rightly or wrongly. So, we will need a lot of empathy and open-mindedness from both parties. We should not fear to speak and debate openly and frankly. We should speak and debate with cold logic, but with a flaming passion for Singapore. Neither Government nor citizen should fear criticism. It is healthy but it must be done responsibly. Let us be open with each other and only then will our enemies have one tool less against us. The way ahead would be difficult. There is no doubt. In tackling our challenges and building our future, the element of trust is important. There will be differing views, strong views, strong voices, loud voices. From this tumult, our leaders must discern what is in the long-term interests of Singapore, while looking after the immediate and medium-term interests of Singapore. So, you have said to us that you will demonstrate leadership and resolve. You will stand firm on principles and ideals while seeking practical solutions. You will listen to the people, you will not fear to mobilise public opinion in the long-term interests of Singapore. And, indeed, as a citizen, I expect no less of Singapore’s leaders and the Public Service. To do that which is right by Singapore, boldly but humbly. Never fearing those who speak the loudest, or those wield the most power, making difficult decisions in the long-term interests of Singapore. But how will you communicate with us? How will you know that I believe in you? How will you know that when you make that decision, that difficult decision, which I disagree with, that you will have me on your bandwagon? It is for you to reach out to me and it is for me to open my mind to what you have to say to me. Besides courage and principle, I and many I know will throw in our lot with leaders who uphold universal values of compassion, integrity and loyalty. As a citizen, I will trust leaders who defend our Constitution and the sovereignty of Singapore, putting at all times the interests of Singapore above all. I trust leaders who exercise righteousness, dispense justice and equity, uphold the rule of law. I trust leaders who protect the people, who remember the poor and vulnerable, who grow the country economically, socially for all. Who lead us and who are above corruption. In my sharing of my aspirations of leaders, I have steered clear of what policies and schemes we should have. These have already been greatly discussed and I leave them to better minds than mine. But for me, the element of trust, if you cannot build that, you have lost us. The President also speaks about trust between the people. This is the second premise of the partnership: between people and people. If we do have trust, we cannot be united. If we cannot be united as one people, we do not require another enemy. We are our own enemy. Deliberate Government policies, such as universal education, National Service, mixed housing and meritocracy have resulted in significant socio-economic progress and social mobility for Singaporeans.[+37 sentences] We have done well compared to many countries. But, notwithstanding, Singaporeans have not become homogeneous. But why should we be? In the midst of our progress, we continue to carry with us differences in background, abilities, ideologies, culture, race and religion. Justifiably so. These are part of our identity as individuals, a part of our heritage. We are, indeed, different from each other, but we must not be afraid that we are different. We recognise that our differences have enriched the Singaporean fabric. Our differences have made us more accepting, broadened our perspectives, made us better, made us stronger. Mr Speaker, many hon Members and Ministers have reminded us of our differences and that we are not yet equal. As such, the same differences that have strengthened and enriched Singapore can potentially tear us apart. But we must not let that happen. Consciously, we must use our differences to strengthen our society. When I have ability, I uphold and I lift the person without the ability, the person with the disability. When I have resources, I share my resources to level the playing ground. If I am weak, I look to someone who is strong to support me. If I am strong, I share my strength with my brother. Let us not allow anyone to attempt to fracture our society. Let us not coalesce according to socio-economic status, race, culture or religion. And we must never, never, never allow distrust to engender along these differences. There is so much that we have to do together as a people. It is not just the work of certain agencies or certain companies but it is the work of every person, so much that we need to do, no time to fight. We must put aside prejudices, we must put aside snide remarks and insinuations. So much to do, can we construct and not destruct? After all, we have a precious common history and we do, we must, we will have a precious and common destiny. We have gone through thick and thin together. The Japanese war, riots, acts and attempted acts of terror, financial crises, SARS. We fought together, cried together, worked together, grew together. Will we throw that away? Will we throw that away at insinuations from people who may not even have any stake in our country? Would we throw that away just by listening to others and being persuaded without much thinking. We are proud to be Singaporean and we should be. We are proud of our sons and daughters, regardless of their achievements. We nurture them. We empower our workers, employers, persons with disabilities. We celebrate successes of Singaporeans together. We grieve with fellow Singaporeans when their sons suffer mishaps during and in the service of the nation. We grieve with fellow Singaporeans when their family members suffer mishaps whether in Singapore or overseas. We call on the Government to protect Singaporeans who are vulnerable.[+4 sentences] We stand together against crime. We stand together against terrorism. Do we want to throw that away? We have too much at stake. Even in situations of terror where our own people act or attempt to act against our country, we will stand with all Singaporeans, regardless of language, race or religion. We will be united against evil and terror. As our forefathers and founding fathers protected Singapore for us, we will protect Singapore for our children.[+7 sentences] Why is trust so important? Without that, our society falls apart. No trust in the Government, no trust in each other. We are Singaporean. We will determine our own destiny. We will listen to the views of others about Singapore, we will discern. We will improve, but we will not bow to criticisms by persons who have no stake in our country. Whatever their motives, however noble their motives, we are the ones who determine our destiny.[+1 sentence] And this, we must be clear. We must not allow others to influence our destiny.[+4 sentences] Will we take charge? Will we? And we should. We are Singaporean. Whether we live or die, wherever we live or die, we are Singaporean. And if we die in a foreign land, there will be that corner of a foreign field that will forever be Singapore.[+1 sentence] Majullah Singapura!
Ms Jessica Tan Soon Neo (East Coast)1439 words
[+22 sentences]Mr Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion. The crux of President Halimah’s speech is about how we move forward together to build our future Singapore. And as I thought about the future of Singapore, I asked myself: what does Singapore mean for each of us? Although not representative, I did take a quick poll amongst several young people asking them to write in their own words what Singapore means for them. Initially, there was some reluctance to pen their thoughts but they did it. While each expressed it differently, interestingly, there were common themes and phrases used to describe how they felt: "home", "safe and secure", "provided me education and opportunity", "stability", "place I want to return to". These were the phrases that they used. I also asked them what is the future that they wished for. Many hoped that Singapore can adapt to the fast-changing world and continue to stay secure, progress and grow, to have opportunities and allow aspirations to be fulfilled. There was also a call for an inclusive, united and compassionate society with more human touch. So, as I studied how they felt, I realised that the answers reflected our shared experiences and identity. Shared experiences of growing up in a society based on, as what President Halimah in her speech called, and I quote, "our foundational values of multiracialism, meritocracy, incorruptibility, self-reliance, inclusiveness and openness to the world". So, as I thought about the Singapore identity and what is it that makes Singapore stand out, I struggled, I really struggled, to describe it. I see it, I see it every day, I can feel it but it is hard to describe. Let me attempt to do so anyway. I believe that it is a combination of many factors. It is the skills and capability and conviction of our people, based on shared experiences that are unique to Singapore, based on our values whether it is our multiracial experience, our educational system, our heritage and our networks of relationships at the personal, business and community level. But what is most important is the harnessing of the power of our people and our shared values and experiences and our networks and relationships that has made Singapore what it is today. And we should build on this. We should foster this. But, what is this? It is our Singapore brand and identity. The Singapore passport has recently been recognised as the most powerful passport in the world as it gets you through, I believe, 180 countries without the need for a visa.[+19 sentences] But what is behind, what is it that has made it possible? And, it is really trust. How did this trust come about? It is built over the years from our track record of making things happen, our reliability, trustworthiness and, to some extent, although I did hear in this House, some of us did ask for our kiasuism to be taken away. I think it is also part of our kiasuism and also as being a country that tries to make it easy for things to happen, for example, for businesses,making it easy for businesses to set up. It is all of these, it is of this coming together that defines the Singapore and the Singaporeans we are. But as we look to our future, President Halimah also stressed that we cannot "assume that Singapore will always continue to be successful". There are shifts and developments that we must understand and deal with and these will need new and bold approaches. The pace and scale of change that we are witnessing across industries are driven by the momentum in Asia, with the economic shift, the technological shift or what many have termed the Fourth Industrial Revolution and, for Singapore, our demographic shift with an ageing population. So, the question is, are we prepared for this new economy? Do we have what it takes? How do we stay relevant and be able to compete with other cities and countries as they develop and get better? In my speech at the First Session of this Parliament, I had spoken about jobs. I had said that to enable Singaporeans, no matter where their starting point, to continue to improve their lives, Singapore must be able to give Singaporeans fulfilling jobs. At that time, I spoke about my belief that having meaningful work gives confidence to our people not only to make a living but also to feel included and, hence, a sense of belonging and commitment. With the changes we have witnessed in the last two years and the momentum of change we continue to experience, I now realise that while jobs are important, it is more than jobs. It is about partnership and participation and working together that will make the difference for Singapore and Singaporeans. It is not just about the skills we develop, or the jobs we attain or the place that we learn. It is about partnerships to bring it all together and the interaction amongst people of like and different backgrounds that matter. Initiatives, such as Jurong Town Corporation (JTC) Launchpad@one-north or Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS)' Fintech Regulatory Sandbox and the planned Punggol Digital District, are platforms that provide the environment and the ecosystem to encourage people to come together and to build ties and create new opportunities.[+1 sentence] They provide platforms for engagement and they promote innovation. MAS' use of regulatory sandboxes to encourage fintech experimentation has been instrumental in positioning Singapore in a short span of time as a major centre for fintech innovation. Deloitte's report on the world's best cities in which to launch a fintech firm, ranked Singapore as one of the best cities in the world for fintech.[+2 sentences] Criteria used included doing business, financial competitiveness and innovation. Block 71 is another example of how the Government can foster an ecosystem for innovation and, in this case, it is about bringing together a startup ecosystem. The JTC Launchpad@one-north houses 750 startups, up from 250 when it was launched in 2011.[+4 sentences] This platform is now transplanted halfway across the world to San Francisco with the setting up of Block 71 San Francisco as well as closer in the region in Indonesia with Block 71 Jakarta. This takes the Singapore brand abroad and, more importantly, is enabling a network of Singaporeans, partners and startups to drive innovation. This participation is about the exchange of ideas, innovation and expertise. I am not sure if many of you remember but only about eight years ago, Singapore was seen as dull and where you could not find any startups. Last year, the Global Startup Ecosystem Report by Startup Genome, a US-based organisation showed Singapore overtaking the Silicon Valley as number one for startup talent, notwithstanding that Silicon Valley still remains number one overall and there are still areas for Singapore to improve. So, while SkillsFuture remains an important underpinning in supporting Singaporeans in developing new and required skills, I believe that there is a need for people to also have a platform to engage and to learn from each other. The same way, with examples like Block 71 and the Fintech Sandbox, that the Government has effectively catalysed and enabled the environment for startups and fintech, I believe that, together with the Government, academia and the private sector, there could be platforms to support platforms of learning for people to come together in their learning journey, in the same way we have developed and will continue to develop segments and industry sectors.[+2 sentences] We can do the same for individuals. By having a platform for people to come together, it would be very powerful in supporting skills development beyond formal learning and skills training. With the disruptions and the gig economy, going forward, it may not be just about getting a job, but possibly, a few jobs with freelance work arrangements.[+3 sentences] It may not be just formal learning or certification of skills, but also learning that comes from interaction and sharing of ideas. The whole idea transcends from business to even a social and community level. The key thread is participation – participation in a supportive environment of individuals, regardless of backgrounds and experiences, the diversity and different perspectives will benefit all. Participation within such an ecosystem not only promotes learning but builds confidence, resilience, trust and allows one to be better able to seize opportunities.[+2 sentences] So, as we start writing our next chapter, building on the power of our people, our shared experiences and networks, as Prime Minister Lee had said, I quote, "we have every reason to be confident and optimistic about our future". Mr Speaker, I support the Motion.
Mr Leon Perera (Non-Constituency Member)2189 words
[+9 sentences]Mr Speaker, the President's Address provides a consolidated view of established and recently announced Government policies. Sir, it is important that our policies speak to the hearts and minds of all Singaporeans in their most decisive moments. The world is changing, getting disrupted, becoming more complex and, hence, unpredictable. Amidst this change, do our policies speak well enough to everyone? I will cite a few hypothetical examples. Firstly, a young low-income couple contemplating the prospect of saving for retirement in the context of possibly an uncertain Housing and Development Board (HDB) flat price outlook in the distant future, will contemplate also the cost of tuition, amidst the rigours of academic competition and then decide to postpone their decision to have children indefinitely. Secondly, a 45-year-old man who has been retrenched and is anxiously scouring the job market for any kind of paid work, probably encountering ageist prejudice along the way that is hard to complain about because it is hard to prove. Thirdly – and this is actually a real person I met – a 25-year-old who is working in a full-time job but driving a private hire car at night, holding down two jobs so as to afford further part-time studies leading to a professional certification. And fourthly, a 35-year-old woman who has just obtained a degree from part-time study at great cost, time and money who finds that her employability in the salary she can command is not what she expected. In fact, a recent survey found 4.3% of graduates in full-time jobs being severely under-employed, earning less than $2,000 a month.[+23 sentences] We can say that there are already Government programmes in place to address the needs of these groups like Wage Credit, PCP, WIS and TAFEP which is true. We can also say that these problems are not unique to Singapore. Many are a consequence of global trends. That, too, is true. We can say that these people cannot always expect the Government to fix all their problems and there is truth in that as well. But if disruptive change is going to make such situations more and more common, is there more we can do for these Singaporeans, as a society? One private university graduate made an impassioned post on Facebook last month saying, and I quote, "I graduated in the top 15% of my cohort. Surely, that counted for something. It should have wiped out the disaster that was my "A" levels. Man plans; fate jests. I have sent out thousands, hundreds of resumes, every month, every week, every day. I applied for job after job after job, hoping that someone would notice. Until then, I crunched numbers and copy clauses from story after story and picked up whatever freelance jobs and short-term contract jobs I could find. I did this for eight years. In eight years, I received nothing." What else can we say to Singaporeans like these? Mr Speaker, Sir, in sketching these scenarios, I do not mean to argue that all is doom and gloom. Of course, Singapore and Singaporeans have achieved much in the past and there is much to be grateful for. The glass is half-full, as I have argued before in this House. But some of us would see it as half empty. As was famously said in a scene in the movie Star Wars Episode 6, much depends on our point of view. Not only that. Sometimes, both good and bad effects can come from the system-design source. Our approach to public finance has created huge reserves for emergency purposes which help fund Budgets, but also created the need to raise costs via tax increases that place pressure on our people. Our education system has produced world-class PISA scores, but it has spawned a massive tuition industry that may erode social mobility and students who are substantially more stressed than the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average.[+10 sentences] Going forward, as a country, we face a choice. Do we stick with the same policy and institutional ecosystem and merely apply a plaster or a bandage to control the bad effects? Or do we take the riskier approach of reforming the underlying policy, institution or practice, risking that the new approach, in seeking to reduce the downsides of the old policy, may wholly or partly lose the benefits of the old policy? One way to decide this lies in seeing if the deeper trends going on in Singapore and the world will make the downsides worse than the benefits over time. If so, then go for reform. If not, let us do incremental tweaks and plasters now. I was glad to hear references in the President's speech to an appetite for bold reform, which, of course, does not mean reckless reform. And in the spirit, I suggest reforms to two broad baskets of policies where longer-term trends argue for reform. Some of these ideas have been suggested by my colleagues and I on other occasions. Firstly, the basket of policies that relate to the cost of living, education, inequality and social mobility, which are closely tied to citizen confidence as expressed in risk-taking, entrepreneurship, innovation and, indeed, Total Fertility Rate (TFR). If and when a Budget funding gap is imminent, rather than raise taxes, is there more scope to review our policies towards the reserves, to tap more from the Net Investment Returns (NIR) and/or land sales, as my Party Secretary-General Mr Pritam Singh has eloquently argued?[+12 sentences] Such changes would not reduce the absolute size of the reserves per se but would slow down the rate of reserve growth. This question is not only a technical economic question but a deep, philosophic question about inter-generational equity. And on this question I would put it to this House that there are reasonable views on both sides of the issue. After all, there was a time in the past when suggestions like spending some of the NIR or adding Temasek Holdings to the NIR framework might perhaps have been labelled as irresponsible. Nominated Member of Parliament Ms Kuik Shiao-Yin made an interesting speech which asked about our reserves, how much is enough. I would build on that and ask: no doubt we need emergency reserves, we absolutely need that, but what rate of reserve growth is enough? There are risks from reducing the rate of reserves growth. We gain additional security from a larger and larger emergency fund going forward. But there are also risks from allowing costs and economic pressures to rise in the future, inhibiting growth in other qualities we need to optimise among Singaporeans, like risk-taking, long-termism, entrepreneurism, TFR. In a word, confidence. Confidence that the future could be better than the past, confidence that the deck is not stacked against me, confidence that I need not run faster and faster just to stay in the same place. Spending more on the current generations and reducing the cost burden may affect TFR. As Mr Pritam Singh said, TFR is an existential issue facing Singapore. There is some evidence that anxiety about the cost of living and academic competition contributes to a low TFR and, indeed, our TFR is one of the lowest in the world.[+2 sentences] As our reserves grow and the need to promote confidence among Singaporeans grows, the case for reform to this basket of policies strengthens. The fact of HDB flat lease decay is rightly a part of this basket of issues. The possibility of HDB resale prices in the future performing poorly as more Build-To-Order (BTO) flats are built, resale demand remains soft and more flats get sold on the marketplaces pressure on the goal of monetising one’s own HDB flat for future retirement income or even emergency or supplementary income.[+15 sentences] This is a large and complex issue which the Workers’ Party intends to study in the months ahead, with a view to make constructive suggestions. At the same time, can we not review our education system, which was originally designed, we are told, such that tuition is unnecessary? Can we not review the balance between content mastery and time for non-cognitive skills development or even time for leisure, hobbies and family pursuits which aid healthy character formation? No doubt, content mastery has been pared down over the years, but do exams test the pared-down content taught in the standard curriculum or do exams test for content that goes beyond, thus acting as a sharper stratification instrument, whether intended or otherwise? One letter published in The Straits Times Forum said, "The textbooks recommended by the Ministry and used in schools offer basic information. Yet, when it comes to examinations, the questions asked are often way above the level of the information in the textbooks. This is the main reason students seek tuition". Is this a valid perspective? If so, is there room to re-balance further between developing cognitive skills on the one hand, which are important, and non-cognitive skills and leisure time on the other? Amidst the relentless advance of AI and robotics, as simple tasks become automated and a higher and higher premium falls on skillsets like creativity and leadership, the case for education reform in this respect grows. Can we not review our class size, to take advantage of falling enrolments while leaving the teacher population stable, as I argued in an earlier Motion? Smaller Learning Support Programme (LSP) classes for weaker pupils could stigmatise those pupils. Moreover, smaller general class sizes could reduce the number of pupils falling behind that necessitates those smaller LSP classes to begin with. There is evidence that smaller class sizes can yield significant education, non-cognitive skill and social mobility benefits. Our general class sizes are well above the OECD average. The question of class size at least warrants research in the form of a large-scale randomised trial to help quantify benefits versus costs, so that, as a country, we can debate this issue with all the facts on the table.[+7 sentences] And can we regularly measure and debate social mobility, as my Party Chairman Ms Sylvia Lim has eloquently argued for? Sir, the second basket of issues is institutional and political. Our system has many devices that favour stability. To be sure, stability is a good thing. But with such a framework, are we not sacrificing diversity? Does our institutional ecosystem do enough to promote diversity of ideas in the public square? Can we not scale back the extent, if, indeed, there is any, of the "influence, resources and enforcement powers" of the Government being brought to bear on the way news is reported by mainstream media (MSM) outlets, such that MSM editors and journalists report the news as they see fit, within broad regulatory parameters pertaining to sensitive issues like race and religion, as I suspect most journalists would want to do? The quote that I used comes from a recent MSM newspaper editorial which called for "a state that does not use its considerable influence, resources and enforcement powers to box the local media into a corner." Can we not have an independent Ombudsman to review complaints about Executive decisions without the complainant being faced with the costs and limitations associated with the process of seeking judicial review?[+7 sentences] An Ombudsman may uncover policy gaps or institutional shortcomings that are not related purely to corruption or finances as dealt with by CPIB and AGO. And is our model of leadership future-ready? Traditionally, many national leaders have emerged from Government scholarship holders, some of whom go on to populate the top rungs of the Civil Service, GLCs and the Cabinet. This tends to reduce the pool of talent available to the private sector and civil society and it is important for both of these sectors to be strong in the future. Moreover, this pattern can produce political and GLC decision-makers who lack private or not-for-profit sector experience. Many Singaporeans were very surprised when the new incoming CEO of SMRT was another former General. Did our Pioneer Generation Cabinet have such a high proportion of ex-civil servants? To manage this, can we not consider a time bar for civil servants entering politics, as I have argued for earlier? And can scholars not only be given the option of serving part of their bond in the local small and medium enterprise (SME) sector or civil society sector, but also be encouraged to do so?[+2 sentences] If necessary, we can ramp up the scholar cohort size to ensure sufficient scholars remain to meet Public Service needs. In addition to these points, the other huge part of the equation is how to generate economic growth, to grow the size of the pie. I have not touched on that subject in this speech, but my colleagues and I have made many suggestions on this subject in the past, from harnessing ASEAN disruptive industry growth to a dedicated bank for SME globalisation, to name but two.[+1 sentence] In conclusion, Mr Speaker, Sir, none of these suggestions by itself is a silver bullet. But giving serious thought to such suggestions can contribute to a more liveable, more future-ready, more democratic and more diverse society that will be a stronger and better home, built to last.
Mr Ong Teng Koon (Marsiling-Yew Tee)1501 words
[+7 sentences]Mr Speaker, I would like to declare that I work in the utilities industry and I rise in support of the Motion. Technology is changing and our people’s needs are evolving, creating demand for new infrastructure. Expectations are always rising and, despite all that we have achieved, there is always more to do. We need to rethink how we build, what we build and how we pay for it. To meet the challenges ahead, I wish to make three suggestions on ways to improve the infrastructure needs of our country. My first suggestion is to improve the data infrastructure. Data is the backbone of our Smart Nation initiative. At present, there is only one fibre infrastructure backbone in Singapore. This makes sense from the point of view of affordability, but it creates a single point of failure.[+18 sentences] For example, consumers will remember how the fire in Singtel’s Bukit Panjang Exchange building in 2013 affected consumers from multiple operators in the northern and western parts of Singapore. While some people joke that denying people WiFi is a violation of their human rights, it is no laughing matter as such disruptions have serious consequences for both individuals and businesses. Former Minister Assoc Prof Yaacob Ibrahim identified redundancy as one of the four core components of a resilient network, the others being diversity, resistance and recovery. The traditional argument against building another totally separate network is the prohibitive cost. While the costs of not having back-up are constantly rising, the costs of building such a network are coming down as technology advances. Connectivity providers in the UK are exploring creative solutions to traditional network laying. Sewers, spare electricity cable ducts, highways, overhead lines and rail networks are being explored for the right of way to lay cables. This creative approach to new networks is also being seen at a government level. For example, in the UK, the wastewater pipe network of Thames Water is being used to deploy fibre optic cables, instantly creating new, cost-effective and diverse connections in key business areas. The argument for an alternative fibre network is strong and getting stronger. By leveraging existing infrastructure to reduce implementation costs and optimise asset use, the costs may not remain prohibitive. I believe there is also room for private operators to play a bigger role, so that the Government would not have to shoulder the entire cost of implementation. But what is needed are clear rules to allow for the usage of existing infrastructure. I urge the relevant Ministries to take a deeper look at the issue. We should also look at infrastructure from a sustainability perspective and, hence, we return to a topic that I have addressed before – electric vehicles (EVs). What seemed like toys for rich geeks just a few years ago are now seen as the future of mobility. My second suggestion is to provide more charging points for EVs. Many countries are already laying plans to phase out combustion engines altogether. The UK and France have announced that sales of gasoline and diesel vehicles will no longer be allowed in their countries by 2040.[+6 sentences] The Indian government has indicated its intention to only allow EVs to be sold in India by 2030. China has raised the bar yet again for automakers when it announced late last month its proposal to implement aggressive new quotas for the production of new Energy Vehicles. The world is moving towards the adoption of EV and such a move would be in line with our commitment to COP21. Singapore is well-placed to take the lead in the adoption of EVs, but despite its small size that is perfect for EVs, adoption has been slow because of the lack of reliable access to charging. It is a chicken-and-egg problem, if there are no charging points, car owners will not adopt EVs. Private enterprises can play a role here. BlueSG is a co-funded programme by the Government to provide 1,000 EVs and 2,000 charging points by the year 2020. However, only 20% of these charging points will be open to the public.[+14 sentences] One way is to open up more of these charging points to the public eventually but, without the HDB and Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) carpark access, a pervasive network of public EV charging points will not be possible. The Government needs to support and encourage more public-private cooperation in this space. My third suggestion is related to one of the common complaints that we hear from residents that there is frequent congestion on roads due to what they perceive to be uncoordinated roadworks by different utilities. To them, we seem to be constantly digging up and patching up the same stretches of roads over and over again. While there are, of course, legitimate reasons for this, can the coordination between utilities be optimised through the implementation of more common services, tunnels, such as the one that we have in the Marina Bay area? Or would it be possible to leverage other tunnels, such as the deep tunnel sewerage system or the underground transmission cable tunnel? Such a scheme can reduce traffic congestion, reduce risk of damage to utilities and allow for easier access for maintenance and repairs. It is important to have a regulatory framework to allow these private or public tunnels to be accessed and utilised by all. At the same time, it ensures that utilities owners are properly compensated. This is in the larger national interest of reducing congestion and improving productivity. Mr Speaker, please let me now make three suggestions on how we can make the infrastructure enhancements possible. The first is to have a balance between public intervention and market solutions. We are moving into a much more challenging world and the Government needs to establish the right ground rules. There must be the appropriate balance between Government intervention where it is needed and allowing the private sector to find the best solutions. Should the yellow pages rule that the Government should not provide services that are already provided by private enterprises in the yellow pages continue to be our guiding principle?[+2 sentences] On more micro initiatives, where the right solution might not be clear and where the private sector can find the best solution, the Government should exercise greater caution before getting involved. An example is the many subsidies that we are offering to SMEs to adopt technologies. Some vendors are pre-approved and that is great for them because they can be vetted for quality but, at the same time, their competitors are shut out, even if they develop a superior product. This can quickly become an accusation of favoritism where insiders make lots of money and outsiders are left to wither on the vine.[+9 sentences] In contrast, while many of the infrastructure developments that I have just discussed, there are strong economic arguments for Government intervention as the private sector may not be willing to undertake the level of investment needed. As reliability and security are paramount for such projects, given the scale and national importance, the Government has to provide direction and ensure that the Ministries coordinate across all levels in a whole-of-Government approach. The second suggestion is to develop a regulatory framework for public and private cooperation. Where private stakeholders are involved, a framework must be created to ensure proper compensation to the stakeholders that finance and build each piece of infrastructure. While it is tempting to regulate by saying no to everything, this will not lead to the desired outcome. There must be some spread of risk-taking because, if you take no risk, you will reap no reward and our nation will be the poorer for it. The final suggestion will be on alternative ways to finance infrastructure projects. Only the Government has the financial clout to finance major infrastructural investments that we need. Infrastructure costs are long term in nature while financing is short term. If clear rules are in place that allows for private ownership, then Government will not have to carry the entire burden of implementation.[+2 sentences] This transfers the risk from taxpayers to private companies. We can go even further than just borrowing to finance investment as has been announced in the 2018 Budget. Another way to finance infrastructure is through infrastructure trusts. This has the benefit of democratising ownership by allowing the man in the street to have a stake in infrastructure.[+5 sentences] This is similar to the use of REIT to allow more people to benefit from real estate ownership. There are currently, lots of appetite both domestically and internationally, to finance long-term, stable assets. Such a move will help to develop a deep, liquid and transparent infrastructure market for SGX. In conclusion, I believe that if we can strike a good balance between Government intervention and private sector participation, by having clear guidelines and a robust regulatory framework and the life of commercial rights to be respected and more flexible financing arrangements, we can build a better Singapore for current and future generations of Singaporeans. Mr Speaker, I support the Motion.
The Senior Minister of State for Foreign Affairs (Dr Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman)3790 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Speaker, I support the Motion. The President has articulated the Government's specific focus on facing complex challenges in an uncertain world, rooted with an appreciation of the needs of our elderly and the aspirations of our young. I will focus my speech on the social compact between the Government and the younger generation of Singaporeans who are coming of age and are trying to navigate a world very different from their parents when they were young.[+18 sentences] The social compact during our early post-Independence years was simple, quite simple as it encompasses much of our ambition. I recall it simply says the Government will create a better life for Singaporeans. Our first generation Government forged this social compact with Singaporeans like my parents, when we were a nation struggling for survival and aspiring for a better living. Back then, it seemed straightforward. The Government promised a home with modern amenities for Singaporeans. We all moved from our kampong houses to HDB flats; rental flats initially. But with economic progress, we moved to purchased homes, which appreciated in value over time. We wanted stable jobs in a dynamic economy. So, when the Government urged us to pick up manufacturing skills in vocational schools, we did. In the 1970s and 1980s, those were our only choices. At the same time, we were given access to quality education and many of us attained education and skills levels that our parents never thought possible. We wanted to be able to defend ourselves after the British forces withdrew, so, when the Government introduced National Service, we served. Against the odds, our early generation transformed a small country into a thriving economy, established a strong defence force in a volatile geopolitical environment and built national unity from a multiracial, multi-religious society. During this debate, many Members of the House have spoken on social inequality and cautioned against the ill effects of social stratification. Like them, I have come across cases of low-income families facing multiple challenges, raising concerns about the future of their children and wondering how is it that we still have such families, given 50 years of remarkable economic progress. It begs the question: have we failed in fulfilling our social compact with Singaporeans? It is true that as our country develops economically, most Singaporeans saw improvements in their lives. We accepted the social compact forged at that time where meritocracy was the principal consideration and our priorities were to promote personal responsibility and optimise our scarce resources. Our middle-class group Singaporeans own homes and experienced significant capital gains when they sold their HDB flats.[+2 sentences] However, some Singaporeans unfortunately, lagged behind. The Government had not stood idly by. We adopted diverse approaches to provide support to the low-income group through initiatives, such as the Many Hands Approach, ComCare, the WorkFare Income Supplement Scheme.[+2 sentences] Despite these efforts, some continue to say that Government intervention has been inadequate and even argue that certain Government policies have led to this inequality. Reflecting on this, I am convinced that the recent tide of concern regarding rising inequality is not so much an indication of an unfulfilled social compact. Instead, it shows a growing recognition that the balance will need to be struck between performance-based meritocracy on one hand, and compassion and opportunities on the other as our society and economy continue to grow and prosper.[+7 sentences] Are we looking for greater emphasis on compassion versus meritocracy? The larger question then is: is the social compact of the past still relevant today? Will young Singaporeans share the same aspirations and outlook as their predecessors? Mdm President said in her Address that a new generation of Singaporeans is coming of age and bringing with them different dreams, hopes and fears. It is important for us to understand their concerns and aspirations, given that this generation will inherit and actively shape Singapore's future. Our Government will need to partner them to write the next chapter of the Singapore Story and co-create the right social compact for their time. To do so, we must note our next generation – the Singapore millennials. The National Youth Council's 2016 survey highlights many positive characteristics of this generation of millennials that I believe put us in good stead in a new environment.[+4 sentences] According to the survey, young Singaporeans embrace lifelong learning and rated acquiring new skills and knowledge highly as part of their top life goals. They are also more socially conscious, future-focused and have greater international exposure. Being a parent of two millennials, I must say that I am intimately acquainted with the challenges of trying to understand our children and youths of today. However, this pan picture of our millennials as depicted by the National Youth Survey is a useful reference point for us to keep in mind and as we continue to explore the key design considerations of what Singapore's future will look like. After all, this new social compact 2.0, as I call it, would need to be forged with and by those from this younger generation.[+9 sentences] Mr Speaker, as I contemplated on how we as a Government can make bold strides in engaging our young people, I was struck by a report from a consultancy firm Interbrand and tech firm Oracle. It highlighted five strategies to reach out to our millennials today. What are these strategies? It spoke of, one, creating an experience for them; two, making things frictionless; three, allowing customisation; four, building loyalty; and, five, demonstrating value. While these strategies were originally conceived to inform retailers' efforts to win over the youth market, the insights are applicable to our context. The repeated questions were, I asked myself, how do these prescribed strategies upend our traditional business models of governance and public policymaking and, further, what further areas of governance, or what specific areas of governance can we infuse these strategies into? So, let me try. First, the strategy to reach to out the millennial is to create an experience. In this context, perhaps, redefining success. In the past, the Singaporean Dream was often encapsulated by the 5Cs: cash, car, credit card, condominium and country club membership.[+1 sentence] But today, our millennials are developing their own definition of success. No longer satisfied with just the attainment of the 5Cs, our youths today crave memorable and purposeful experiences that emphasise the importance of the journey instead of being fixated with the destination.[+9 sentences] Encapsulated by the so-called "YOLO" or you only live once attitude, our youths want to be excited where to live, work and play. To this end, our youths can look forward to raising families in homes that will boast the physical and digital connectivity. Just imagine, by leveraging artificial intelligence, smart homes could render current day household chores an afterthought. At work, our millenials will also come to grips with the challenges of participating in the extremely competitive global labour marketplace. More would job hop with high attrition rates in some professions because just earning money is not enough. Young people want to know that they have made a difference. They look for newer experiences and want to learn new things as they know the possession of single and static skillsets is not sufficient to thrive amidst the competition. To balance work, our young people want a Singapore that is fun and vibrant. From hunting down the latest "insta-worthy" hang-outs to taking part in various arts or sporting events, the extent to which we can make Singapore the most liveable city is clearly only limited by our own imagination. To satisfy this generation's thirst for novel experiences, this Government will need to partner our citizens to re-define the meaning of success and recognise that, paradoxically, it might be one that continually shifts and always gives us something new and better to aspire towards. In this new social compact, the role of Government is to bring public policy in line with Singaporeans' evolving aspirations for ensuring that national survival is not compromised.[+15 sentences] The second strategy to connecting to millenials is making it frictionless. In the context of governance, perhaps, in re-imagining Public Service delivery. Today, our youths have increasingly grown accustomed to living in a frictionless society. Thanks to advances in telecommunications and the Internet, private sector companies have been able to leverage innovations and technologies to make our daily lives more convenient and hassle-free. In transportation, for example, private hire mobile applications, such as Grab, that provide door-to-door services with seamless payment solutions have become commonplace and effectively disrupted how our people consume transportation services. Reminders like "do not board a stranger's car" do not resonate with young people. Similarly, e-commerce has changed the retail experience, making it possible to now make purchases of all sorts from the comforts of home at just the click of a button. This is the reality that confronts the Singapore Public Service: that these forms of corporate innovations increase our citizens' expectations of service delivery, which, inevitably, extends to the provision of public services as well. This issues a clarion call to the Government to raise our standards of Public Service delivery to satisfy the expectations of our people. This is our opportunity to re-imagine many areas of governance, such as housing, health, social services, education and transportation. The time to act is now. In this aspect, we can be encouraged by the progress that has been made by our Smart Nation initiatives. We have already made inroads in some of these areas. The parking.sg app is targeted at making the tearing of carpark coupons a thing of the past. I am sure that some still do tear the carpark coupons. Increasingly, there have been stronger calls to leverage a national digital identity to successfully implement a national e-payment solution.[+19 sentences] These ideas represent but the tip of the iceberg on how Singapore will bet big on technological solutions to transform the way we deliver healthcare, employment and financial services to the population. This Government will have to convince fellow Singaporeans we are ready to get on with the times. To be daring and bold in exploring all ideas that will help ensure that our services are accessible on the go, available on demand, absent of cumbersome processes, supported by the use of safe and secure databases and equipped with feedback mechanisms for constant improvement. Through this, we hope to deliver the service standards that our citizens desire and deserve. The third strategy is allowing customisation. In this context, a Singapore for everyone. Many of us in this Chamber can recall the days when kopi came mostly in recycled condensed milk tins and a kopi si siew kai counts as a special order. Today, walk into any modern cafe, often run by young entrepreneurs and you can select from a menu that ranges from nitro-cold brews to hand-brewed drip coffee with hints of cherry. The coffee beans will also be sourced from across the globe, catering to every palette and preference. No previous generation has ever had such high expectations for variety and customisation. Nevertheless, our young Singaporeans are proving themselves as more mature than older Singaporeans sometimes give them credit for. Many young residents have shared with me that their perception of Singapore's value is not determined only by our plentiful economic opportunities but also by the extent that Singapore is home to people and places they love. They understand that Singapore, as an advanced economy, is unlikely to experience double-digit economic growth, but can still sustain a good standard of living if we remain dynamic in our outlook. What the millenials seek, in the next bound of our development is greater involvement in shaping policies and the living environment that sets the conditions for our country's dynamism. They want the opportunity to customise aspects of their nation, just as they had grown accustomed to in many other facets of their lives. I believe our younger Singaporeans seek to revisit a social compact where the Government had a monopoly on master planning the public good and create a greater role for citizen participation in city design and policy formulation. We have taken steps in this direction. One example is HDB's Adventure Playground@Canberra. This playground had features conceptualised, designed and built by residents living in housing estates in Sembawang. About 1,800 people were involved through design workshops, roadshows and surveys.[+22 sentences] The outcome is a facility that is fun for young residents with design elements that reflect the precinct's heritage. These are encouraging signs. I spoke of YOLO earlier. Now, I am told, there is also FOMO: Fear Of Missing Out, a prevalent mindset of apprehension that you will miss out on something great. So, to the young Singaporeans, there is huge potential for co-creation. Do not miss out on this opportunity to create the future with the Government and forge a new social compact where every citizen has the opportunity to shape policies and public goods which they hold dear. This way, Singaporeans can take ownership of our country through the process of co-creation and everyone can be proud to call Singapore home. The fourth strategy to reach out to the millenials is building loyalty. In this context, the implication for the Government is making Singapore where the heart is. Indeed, what gives our young Singaporeans a stake in Singapore will evolve. For a generation that is better educated, more-travelled, articulate and confident than their predecessors, the world is their oyster. Home ownership and stable employment might not be enough to keep our young Singaporeans anchored in Singapore. On the other hand, the ever-growing demands of a small city state on its populace have not gone away. We will still need every Singaporean son to defend us from external threats. As we remain a diverse society, mutual respect for Singaporeans of all races and religions to uphold racial and religious harmony remains non-negotiable. Life and living as a Singaporean come with responsibilities of citizenship. For our young Singaporeans whose skills are valued by major cities across the globe, what makes Singapore their home of choice? What drives our love and yearning for home despite its imperfections and our household responsibilities? I do not profess to know the answer for all Singaporeans. For my family, the trials and tribulations we have been through and the unbreakable trust we have in one another has held us together over the years. By extension, forging a sense of common destiny and winning the confidence of its citizens are imperatives of every Government and an essential ingredient for effective partnership between communities and their leaders. The 4G leadership of Singapore is no exception. Our role is to work together as we partner fellow Singaporeans in defining our chapter in the Singapore Story and delivering on our commitments to better the lives of every Singaporean, especially the under-privileged, the vulnerable and continue to reduce inequality.[+5 sentences] As we tackle inequality head on, we must be cognisant of what social mobility means for all Singaporeans. Many have spoken about the Gini coefficient. It is a popular index of a country's income inequality. But it actually does not tell us much about income distribution and very little, in fact anything, about social mobility. The Gini coefficient is a relative measure and, therefore, has many limitations for tracking key issues, such as income or social class differences, and, particularly, how people are progressing in socio-economic terms. Take, for example, the United Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan and Cambodia. They all share the same Gini index of 0.36.[+3 sentences] Yet, we know these societies are vastly different when you look at the social and economic conditions of people's lives across these countries. A better handle on measuring social mobility is needed to discuss meaningfully the causes of inequality and policies to tackle it. As Prof David Chan from SMU has highlighted, tackling social inequalities involves understanding people's aspirations and achievements. He wrote, "Social mobility issues are multi-faceted and inter-dependent; thus, requiring an integrated policy approach. This is undergirded by ensuring fairness and opportunities for all Singaporeans." At present, the Government cannot afford to and will not hide behind excuses and statistics.[+2 sentences] Today, young Singaporeans have come of age in relative affluence but we will soon have to confront the cost of sustaining an ageing society and closing the inequality gap. They, too, should have the opportunity to articulate their desired social compact. As a Government, we stand ready to revisit the current balance between meritocracy and compassion to keep our policies in line with the social compact of the generation.[+5 sentences] Beyond influencing policy, I urge young Singaporeans to be the change you wish to see in the community. If you feel strongly for causes to improve the lives of the less fortunate amongst us, step up and take action. We see many more elderly in the community living alone and at risk of social isolation. They need the support and our youth can respond. I am heartened that, increasingly, many young Singaporeans are answering this call. Recently, a group of youths, calling themselves "The Gift Community" approached me for support for their project they call "Baju Bazaar" – baju means outfit, where they planned to collect donated Hari Raya bajus or outfits to be distributed to lower-income Malay/Muslim families to celebrate Hari Raya.[+1 sentence] They asked me for support for a location that they can conduct this distribution process. Of course, I offered them to hold the event at Wisma Geylang Serai.[+34 sentences] As a nation, let us take pride not only in an economy where people's physical needs and wants are met, but in a strong Singapore society which we can all call home because of our individual and collective efforts to foster inclusion with fellow Singaporeans from different backgrounds. Mr Speaker, Sir, in Malay. (In Malay): Mr Speaker, today is the first day of the month of Ramadan. Please allow me to wish a Blessed Ramadan to all Muslims in Singapore. I wish them well as they perform their fast throughout the month of Ramadan and may they receive His blessings. Mr Speaker, in an increasingly challenging international environment, Singapore has to constantly take creative and innovative measures to secure a bright future. Therefore, I have a special message for our younger generation. They are called the millennials. As you work hard and progress, do know that the definition of success that we know today can, and will, change. So, who will determine this new definition? It is you! You need to create and open your own pathways towards a brighter future. Do not be bound to the old school of thought that over-emphasises academic results or sets too much limits on your career choice. Feel excited about where you live, where you work and where you play. And be bold enough to challenge the status quo together with the Government and seize opportunities to sharpen your skills and let your natural abilities shine. But stay confident and strong about your identity and your culture – in fact, use it as the cornerstone in all your efforts. The path to success will not be easy. The road will be tough – it requires both sacrifice and hard work. Yet, the journey will be so meaningful. Why is that so? Because, now, you own this journey from start to end. Do not let your station in life today define who you want to be and where you want to be tomorrow. As a successful young people, you also have a role in spurring progress and developing the Malay/Muslim community in Singapore. As we celebrate your success in various fields – be it academic, sports, arts or the professions – there will still be those who are lagging and left behind. But we are certain that their situation is only temporary. Their talent can be developed. Their capabilities can be enhanced. Therefore, they can move towards the next station in life. So, let us reach out and help them to ride the wave towards success, whatever the field may be. With the combination of your youthful enthusiasm and your “YOLO” spirit, you can create creative solutions to mobilise your generation and help our community progress. As your generation likes to say – hash-tag go-je-don’t-scared. This is a new hash-tag, I am told – #gojedonscared. It means, just go, do it, do not be afraid. Our community’s success is in your hands! (In English): Mr Speaker, allow me to conclude with the fifth strategy in reaching out to the millennials: demonstrating value.[+3 sentences] In this context, I would say, empowerment. Singaporean millennials would have to address many new challenges, including disruptions brought about by their peers across the globe. To do so, they need to have instincts, mental dexterity and skills that their global competitors possess. Just as the Pioneer Generation had entrusted Generation X to take Singapore into the knowledge-based economy, we should recognise the strengths and aspirations of the next generation of Singaporeans and give them space to forge the social compact of their time.[+16 sentences] Mr Speaker, all of us believe in this special red dot. Sometimes, we all take for granted what we have. The next chapter of the Singapore Story must continue to capture the imagination of the storytellers, Singaporeans. They know it will not be easy. Our earlier generations have undertaken a similar journey. Now, we must go through our own journey. Each of us has a part to play. To the parents, of all the obstacles we clamour to remove in our children's development, our preconceived notions of success is a good start. Success need not be about achieving or achievements of goals but the fulfillment of self, including the joy of being able to be useful to others. Indeed, we should suspend judgement and be willing to listen to what they have to say. Let us, as good stewards of Singapore, empower the next generation to succeed and take Singapore to greater heights. To the millennials, the path to success will not be easy, however we define it. The road will be tough and requires sacrifices and hard work. Yet, the journey is meaningful because you will own it from start to end. Let your station today not define who you want to be tomorrow. We must continue to meet the future's challenges with a "YOLO" mentality and channel any "FOMO" tendencies towards a collective greater social good. To borrow a term commonly used on social media, this is our "hash-tag SG squadgoals" moment, as a new hast-tag – hast-tag squadgoals – and this is our hast-tag SG squadgoals' moment where we recognise that, going forward, you, the millennials, will be valuable members of our Singapore "squad".[+2 sentences] We must, therefore, band together, rally behind a common aspiration to build our Singapore of tomorrow. Let us know what you think.
Mr Speaker59 words
[+7 sentences]Order. There is no fear of missing out on tea break. So, do not be scared. Go and enjoy your tea break. I suspend the Sitting and will take the Chair at 4.30 pm. Sitting accordingly suspended at 4.10 pm until 4.30 pm. Sitting resumed at 4.30 pm
Mr Lim Biow Chuan (Mountbatten)1270 words
[+12 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. Over the past 53 years, Singapore has done well as a nation. We are one of the more successful countries in the world with a high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. We are known to be non-corrupt, transparent and efficient. Whenever I travel overseas, many foreigners that I speak to, compliment Singapore and they hold us in high regard. Singaporeans are known to be hardworking, dedicated and trustworthy. It is a good reputation to have and something that all Singaporeans should be proud of. But yet, sometimes, when I speak to Singaporeans, I do not sense the same level of pride of being a Singaporean. Some of them are concerned about the future of our nation, being small and without resources. Some worry that the growth opportunities which my generation had may not be available to the future generations. Some are critical of the Government even though they know that Singapore is well-run. The frequent criticism is that the Government is well-intended but unwilling to listen to other views or is too defensive. For those concerned about our future, the 4G leaders must demonstrate that they have the ability to lead the nation. They must provide a vision for Singapore and give assurance that Singaporean's future remains bright.[+20 sentences] My experience with the 4G leaders that I work with is that they are genuine and sincere about wanting to serve the people. They want to do their best to improve the lives of Singaporeans. However, governing is a complicated process and no government, no matter how well-intended, is perfect. As the 4G leadership team leads Singapore to the future, I hope that they can improve on the way that we engage our citizens. I hope they will be more consultative in the policies and approach. I hope they can be a more receptive and kinder Government when dealing with people of differing views. At the same time, I hope that Singaporeans, too, will rally behind and support a sincere and honest Government because no matter how good our policies, a divided nation will always fail. As citizens, we can all be part of a solution by working together for a common purpose of making Singapore a better home for all of us. Politics is a contest of ideas. With better explanations, Singaporeans will be able to discern what are good policies; beneficial for our people and for the nation. But we need to work hard to explain our policies to earn the respect of those who may not agree with or understand the policies. Our leaders must also learn to trust that Singaporeans are mature and know what is good for them. I feel that there are several challenges facing Singapore for the future. One of the challenges is to ensure that the economy continues growing and Singaporeans continue to have access to good jobs. The reality is that our competition is the rest of the world. Painful as it may sound, getting a good job is not an entitlement for any of us. Each of us must find a way to provide better value to our potential employer. And when I read of the high unemployment rates in some of the more developed countries, I am glad that Singapore is still able to manage its unemployment figures. But we should never assume that full employment is our entitlement and will stay with us in Singapore. Another challenge is to manage rising costs. Although I understand the explanation, the rationale given why water must be priced correctly, why parking charges must be adjusted, understand the rationale why the Goods and Services Tax (GST) must be increased in a few years' time to provide for better healthcare, but, yet, when you add together all the increase in cost, this increase in cost of living will cast a financial burden on our citizens.[+4 sentences] Singaporeans hope for a better life for the future. An increase in cost of living will reduce their disposable income and affect their aspirations for a better life. The Government must keep a close tab on the increases in living expenses. Whether it is for water, transport fares, medical costs or food costs, we must be mindful that whatever the reason for these increases, when taken together, they will adversely affect the livelihood of our citizens, especially those of the lower income. Next, to strengthen our sense of nationhood among our citizens, I hope that this Government will review the policy of tagging budgetary benefits to household type.[+8 sentences] In my constituency, I have many residents who either live in private homes or bigger HDB flats which were purchased when they were younger, working and economically better off. However, today, many are retired with no income and some are unable to find similar paying jobs due to their age. Some are also middle income. And their frustration is that they always get left behind whenever benefits are announced in the annual Budget. It is essentially a non-event for them because the SG Bonus, GST vouchers or S&CC or utilities rebates are usually not for them. They feel that the Government has little appreciation for residents living in better homes despite their past years of contribution to nation building when they were working. I am not suggesting simply giving handouts for them. It is about better appreciating those who had contributed to Singapore during their working years, those who had paid income taxes, but served the nation in different capacities. The Pioneer Generation Package was appreciated by many Singaporeans because the Pioneer Generation felt appreciated by the Government.[+2 sentences] So, I urge the Government to adopt policies which signal to our citizens that they are appreciated for their contributions to nation building. This will give them a sense that they are Singaporeans, too, whenever the Budget is announced, instead of it being a non-event. To better help our less fortunate, I hope that this Government will also review its policy of tagging the Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS) benefits to the household income of the individual. I have come across residents who lost their blue CHAS card status because they had worked harder and were given a small pay raise. Thus, for a $100 extra monthly income, they lose the medical benefits tagged to the blue CHAS card. They then end up paying more for medical care.[+1 sentence] It does not make sense why the CHAS system penalises someone for working harder and earning more. A graduated system may be fairer to those who really need the CHAS benefits.[+9 sentences] There are many other policies which can be improved upon. But it does not mean that the policies are wrong. However, with minor adjustments, we can make the policies better and create a more positive impact on our citizens. My appeal to the Government leaders is to be always open to suggestions for improvements; for our civil servants to adopt a framework of asking, "How can I do this better?" Mr Speaker, I am confident that our current leaders have the ability to plan for the future of Singapore. However, I wish to sound a word of caution that Singapore should not be seen as a company where everything is simply transactional. We are a nation and a home that all Singaporeans can be proud of. So, I urge the Government to develop policies which will strengthen our nation's core values; to inculcate in our citizens the importance of values like meritocracy, self-reliance, incorruptibility, diligence, honesty, humility and loyalty to the nation as we all continue writing the Singapore story. I support the Motion.
Dr Teo Ho Pin (Bukit Panjang)1876 words
[+9 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. Sir, I support the five priorities as highlighted by the President as follows: (a) securing a place in the world for Singapore; (b) building a world-class city; (c) developing a vibrant economy; (d) forging a caring and inclusive society; and (e) nurturing a distinct Singapore identity. Sir, as a small country with limited natural resources, Singapore must always strive to nurture our human resource, seize economic opportunities and stay relevant to the world. Singaporeans must be mindful that we are living in a highly competitive world and we must continue to develop the drive to be innovative and competitive, without losing our ability to stay grounded in reality. We must stay united as one people so that we can progress together for a better future. Sir, to achieve the desired outcomes of the five priorities, there is a dire need for us to transform the built environment in Singapore and I wish to propose three areas which the Government can focus on to transform our built environment for the future. First, transforming our built environment for the future economy; second, transforming our built environment for quality living; and, third, transforming our built environment for retail and recreation. First: transforming our built environment for future economy. Sir, we need to take bold steps to transform our built environment to cope with the new challenges of the future economy. The transformation of our built environment must be aligned with the proposed industry transformation as laid out in the 23 Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs).[+12 sentences] There are three ways we can transform our built environment to support the industry transformation. First, review of land use planning policies and regulations. Sir, the planning authorities, URA must review our existing land use planning policies and regulations to better support industry transformation and the clustering of industries. More planning reforms, such as plot ratio increase or change of use, should be implemented to attract industry champions to spearhead industry transformations and developments. Sir, we often receive feedback from the business community that our planning regulations pose many constraints on business and increase business costs. With the proposed industry transformation, it is, therefore, an opportune time for the authorities to review their respective policies and regulations. The provision of some breathing space from excessive regulation may help to foster a more vibrant and innovative business community which will inevitably contribute to the economic well-being of Singapore. Second, provide more flexibility in our building, environment and manpower regulations. Sir, we must also review our building regulations, environmental rules and manpower policies to create a more pro-business environment. For instance, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) should continue to encourage buildability and maintainability of buildings. But it should allow more flexibility for the industry stakeholders, such as developers, consultants, contractors and suppliers, to develop solutions for productivity and quality improvements. Sir, to prescribe the use of certain methods of construction, such as Pre-fabricated Pre-finished Volumetric Construction (PPVC), though it appears to have saved time on construction and manpower, may have undesirable consequences, such as increasing the cost of construction, straining the capacities of the industry and will cause maintainability problems in the future. Third, building industrial premises for SMEs in industry clusters.[+1 sentence] Sir, to better support SMEs and enable them to provide better services to industry clusters, JTC should build more industrial premises for SMEs in these clusters. These premises can be rented out to promising SMEs for longer leases of 20 to 30 years at an affordable rental so as to reduce the operating costs of SMEs.[+10 sentences] Where possible, the industry clusters should also be located at places well-supported by our transport and logistics infrastructure, such as MRT stations, seaports and airports. Next, transforming our built environment for quality living. There are three ways we can transform our built environment to improve the quality of life of Singaporeans. First, encouraging families to stay near each other. Second, building an elder-safe environment. Third, providing sporting facilities for Singaporeans. First, encouraging families to stay near each other. Sir, we need to transform our built environment to make it more elderly- and family-friendly. This is particularly so in HDB towns where young and old families stay together. Our housing policies must continue to encourage families to stay near one another. HDB should build more BTO flats of various room types in both older and newer estates so that more Singaporeans have more choices to stay near their parents and families.[+11 sentences] Second, building an elder-safe environment. Sir, with a fast-ageing population, we need to expedite the transformation of our built environment to be more elderly-friendly. Although various developments are in place to support ageing, there is an urgent need to make every home to be elder-safe, every community to be elder-safe and make Singapore to be an elder-safe country for both Singaporeans and tourists. We need to take stock of the existing town amenities and shops and take bold steps to change the amenities and tenant mix of shops to better serve our seniors. For instance, some town centres have many similar types of shops, such as hair salons or renovation shops in one location and, thus, do not serve the needs of the residents, especially seniors. As such, seniors in these towns have to travel to other places to buy elderly products and services. Sir, to better support seniors to age in place, URA and HDB must take bold steps to change the tenant mix of shops in town centres. We must identify the range of elderly products and services and provide these amenities in the community so as to improve the quality of life of our seniors. These elderly-friendly amenities will also encourage seniors to develop self-reliant capabilities, thus, improving their quality of life. Sir, to make every home elder-safe, MND should provide standard elderly-friendly solutions such as ramps, grab bars, anti-slip flooring system, alert system and lightings. These standard solutions will encourage more families to make their homes elder-safe thus, encouraging family members and friends to visit each other. To further expedite the making of more homes elderly-friendly, I would propose that HDB review the eligibility criteria for its Enhancement for Active Seniors (EASE) programme.[+15 sentences] Sir, as for the community, the Town Council can play a more active role to make common areas barrier-free and provide more amenities to encourage active and healthy lifestyle among our residents, especially seniors. Popular amenities for seniors include fitness gym, multi-purpose court, walking track and community garden. The Town Council can also provide better connectivity within the town by building more footpaths, cycling paths and covered linkways. This will encourage more residents to walk and cycle, thus, enhancing their health and well-being. Sir, to make Singapore more elderly-friendly, we must ensure that our built environment is 100% seamless and barrier free. At present, many buildings and places do not have barrier-free access. Our public transport system is also not fully integrated to provide seamless travel for all seniors and wheelchair-bound commuters. Sir, the Government must invest more in building the infrastructure to support an ageing population. We need a whole-of-Government approach at the Ministerial level to enhance the barrier-free connectivity of our built environment as many Government agencies are facing many barriers presently. Third, providing sporting facilities for Singaporeans. Sir, swimming is ranked as the top three most popular sports among Singaporeans. Swimming is a low impact and wholesome exercise suitable for all age groups, especially the seniors. With an ageing population, many seniors are experiencing knee and joint problems and, thus, have reduced or stopped physical exercises. This trend is unhealthy. Furthermore, many seniors are not keen to take up swimming due to the hot and wet weather conditions in Singapore. To overcome these challenges, I would propose that Singapore Sports Council build shelter with skylight for all public pools.[+4 sentences] Sheltered swimming pools will provide a more conducive environment for seniors to enjoy swimming and water sports in our public pools. It will also increase the usage of our public pools at all times during the opening hours, including adverse weather conditions and days. Transforming our built environment for retail and recreation. Sir, online shopping has affected the brick-and-mortar retail shops badly. Many retailers are struggling to survive and continue to face rising business costs due to labour shortage and high rental cost. The high turnover of retail shops has resulted in much wastage of resources and disruption of services to consumers.[+2 sentences] We need to take bold measures to revamp the retail industry in Singapore. I wish to propose three ideas to support the retail industry transformation in Singapore. First, regroup retail outlets and shopping centres to form mega shopping hubs so as to provide better experiences for shoppers.[+2 sentences] Sir, we need to review our planning guidelines to facilitate the grouping of shopping centres and retail outlets to form either large shopping districts, such as Shinjuku, or specialised shopping areas, such as Akihabara, in Japan. In this regard, I would urge the Government to review the development plans for Tampines, Jurong East and Woodlands regional centres to transform them into mega shopping hubs. Second, build underground shopping malls with factory outlets to connect various MRT stations outside the city centre.[+3 sentences] These underground shopping malls can be located at residential areas and parks so that people can walk, shop, eat and relax in the parks. For example, we can build an underground shopping mall connecting Ang Mo Kio to Bishan Park and Thomson area. These underground shopping malls can also become evacuation or bomb shelters in times of emergency. Third, transform our HDB neighbourhood centres into shopping malls and markets selling fresh produce and products.[+12 sentences] Last year, Bukit Panjang transformed its Bangkit neighbourhood centre into an art street selling a wide range of products and services. The transformation has attracted many more shoppers to the neighbourhood centre and provided much vibrancy to the town. Residents can now enjoy shopping in a barrier-free and weather-proof shopping environment. Sir, the built environment of our country is the physical foundation of a world-class city. We need to align the built environment transformation to support the industry transformation so as to provide better jobs for Singaporeans, a better living environment for Singaporeans and a better quality of life for Singaporeans. But Sir, we cannot rely on foreign talent alone to transform our built environment, we need to nurture Singaporeans to be world-class built environment professionals. We need to train more Singaporeans to be world-class project managers, facilities managers, architects, engineers and quantity surveyors to build and maintain our world-class city. Sir, I urge the 4G leaders to pay more attention to the built environment and give due recognition to the professionals who build our physical environment for Singaporeans to pursue their dreams and aspirations. Sir, the transformation of our built environment is an excellent way to prepare Singapore for the challenges of the future. However, the method in which we plan for such a transformation has to be purposeful. A vision of a built environment which is bold and creative while remaining grounded in reality will be of great value to current and future generations of Singaporeans. Together, we can make Singapore a world-class city.
The Senior Minister of State for Education and Trade and Industry (Mr Chee Hong Tat)3657 words
[+6 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I support the Motion. Sir, we must and we will pursue economic growth. We must grow so that Singaporeans can have good jobs and opportunities. We must grow so that we have the resources to build our home, to take care of one another and to protect ourselves. We must grow for our children, to give them a better future. Singapore is now a more mature economy. Our workforce will not increase as quickly as before. In GDP terms, we will not grow as fast as before.[+32 sentences] But growth is much more than just GDP. We can grow in many more dimensions. Earlier this week, Minister Chan Chun Sing painted the vision of Singapore Unlimited. We can grow in productivity, so that our companies and workers do things smarter, faster and better than others. We can grow in skills, so that if you want to get difficult things done reliably and creatively, you will get it done through Singaporean workers and Singaporean companies. We can grow in innovation, so that if companies want to create products and services to serve the fastest growing area in the world, which is Asia, they will come to Singapore to turn their ideas into reality. To grow, we must do three things. First, we must be pro-business in our rules and regulations. Second, we must be pro-Singapore: believe that our local companies and workers can compete with the very best. And, third, we must be pro-talent so that our people can have the best opportunities in Singapore. Sir, the Government’s role is not to pick winners or to think that we know how to run companies better than our entrepreneurs, that we know more about business operations than our workers on the ground. We do not. Our focus is to set good rules and regulations, to protect our consumers and to foster a pro-business, pro-worker environment. We do not take this responsibility lightly. Because poorly designed or outdated rules can have unintended consequences. Where possible, we want to allow market forces to work efficiently, so that enterprises can compete fairly and achieve the best outcomes for society and consumers. And we know we have to regularly review our rules because technology and business models change. When rules are set smartly, fairly and in a pro-business manner, our people and our companies benefit. This nimbleness sets us apart from other countries. Companies want to set up shop in Singapore because they know that here, they can operate in a trusted and reliable environment which is dynamic and connected with the world. They can pioneer a new business idea in Singapore, prove that it works and then export it around the world. Our Government agencies are fully on board. We will do the following. First, we will proactively seek feedback from businesses to make it a part of our DNA and our instincts to be pro-enterprise; to continuously improve our rules and licensing framework, speed up processes and facilitate new business ideas. One example is how AVA and SCDF worked with the Singapore Manufacturing Federation to enhance regulations for cold stores. Previously, fire prevention compartment walls in cold stores posed hygiene concerns as they could attract pests. Based on industry feedback, the agencies worked with SMF to allow an alternative insulation material which will retard the spread of fire without posing hygiene risks. It is a win-win outcome, which helped companies save several thousands of dollars per year for each cold store. It also demonstrated how Government agencies can work with industry partners to adopt pro-business approaches without affecting regulatory objectives. Second, we will cut red tape and simplify our licensing regime to reduce compliance costs for businesses. The Pro-Enterprise Panel (PEP) is currently working with the Association of Catering Professionals Singapore to do a deep dive into the regulatory requirements for the food sector. The food industry is not the biggest sector in our economy, but we chose to start with this as a pilot because we believe the regulatory improvements can benefit many of our SMEs and workers. Currently, companies can have up to 14 regulatory touchpoints with different Government agencies before they can set up a food shop.[+2 sentences] We asked ourselves, is it really necessary to have 14 touchpoints? I believe we can do better. The PEP is working with the Smart Nation and Digital Government Office and GovTech on this review. We have set for ourselves an ambitious target to streamline the 14 forms into one form and to correspondingly reduce the time taken and licence fees which companies have to pay to start a food business.[+6 sentences] I do not know if this pilot will succeed but we will try. As Minister Ong Ye Kung advised us when we embarked on the review, “Think big, start small, act fast.” We will begin with this pilot, learn from the experience and extend the concept to other sectors subsequently. I believe these moves can have a positive impact on businesses by reducing regulatory costs and speeding up the application processes. They also help to shape a more positive pro-enterprise culture amongst our Government agencies. Third, we will encourage experimentation via mechanisms, such as regulatory sandboxes. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has introduced a regulatory sandbox framework for the financial technology or fintech industry.[+21 sentences] This encourages stakeholders to experiment within a well-defined “safe” space. Other agencies like the Ministry of Health and Energy Market Authority have also started their own regulatory sandboxes for telemedicine and the energy sector. There is some risk when we embark on rules review and implement regulatory sandboxes. Some of the pilots could fail and some of the new rules may not work well. But we have to try, as remaining status quo and playing it safe is simply not tenable when we have to compete with other cities in the world for ideas, investments and talent. In such an environment, the most dangerous strategy is to make no bold moves. What is important is to learn from the failure and have the resilience to bounce back and try again. Being pro-business in our rules is much more than the economy. It is about shaping our social norms and our social compact. It is about supporting risk-taking and overcoming our fear of failure. In the process of trying something new, we learn and become more resilient and more resourceful. Such changes can have a significant and lasting impact on our societal culture and the kind of society we want Singapore to be. Recently, I met the three Singaporean students who started Binjai Brew – Rahul, Abilash and Heetesh. They are engineering students at the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and spent a year together at UC Berkeley for their overseas attachment. Rahul did an internship with a brewery in Richmond, California, and that was when they picked up the interest and knowledge to brew their own beer. The three young men experimented with different brewing techniques. They adopted an engineering approach, building their own fridge to control the temperature settings, measuring the results of different recipes and brewing methods. After some months of trial and error, they produced good quality beer which they then shared with their friends at NTU, not just one variety but seven different types of beer. I have tried their beer; it is very good. Unfortunately, they were not able to continue with their brewing on campus. The students told me that NTU has been very supportive and encouraging and offered to help them to continue while complying with the law. The PEP Secretariat and I have also offered our help. We met the three students over dinner and had a good discussion on how our current licensing regime could be reviewed to lower the barriers of entry for micro-brewers to test out new products during an initial trial period, before applying a more rigorous set of rules when they subsequently scale up their production and sales. My colleagues and I are looking into this proposal and we will discuss with the regulatory agencies.[+9 sentences] Again, I do not know if we can successfully implement this regulatory change but we will give it a shot. I told Rahul, Abilash and Heetesh that I admire their enterprising spirit, their willingness to take risks and try something different and their dedication in applying their engineering training to perfect the recipes and brewing techniques. These attributes will be valuable for them in future, whichever career path they choose. I hope more of our young people can have similar opportunities to pursue their passion and have support from their families and society to take a less trodden path. Next, we must believe in our enterprises and our people. Singapore companies and workers can compete with the very best in the world and come out on top. To thrive and grow, Singapore companies know they have to sell to the world. To develop products and services for the rest of the world, they have to prove their viability in Singapore. We must give them the opportunities and help them to succeed. The Government will give fair consideration to Singapore companies when we procure products and services, to seek out creative and innovative ideas from our companies; to partner them in our Government projects; to enable them to build up a track record to compete overseas. For example, the Health Promotion Board appointed Activate Interactive, a local SME, to develop the Healthy 365 mobile app and provide the step trackers for the first season of National Steps Challenge.[+14 sentences] All 100,000 trackers were taken up by our enthusiastic participants. Activate built on this success to spin off another company, Actxa, to venture into the wearables industry. Actxa is now able to hold a place in the wearables market among well-entrenched competitors, such as Apple and Garmin, and it is developing new innovative products and expanding into overseas markets. We have many good local companies run by talented Singaporeans. I met Syafiq Yussoff last month. He is the founder and CEO of Riverwood, a home-grown logistics company. Syafiq dropped out of school when he young as he had to support his family. But he never stopped learning. While working as a personal trainer, he picked up useful business lessons and ideas from his clients. He then started Riverwood, armed with only two vans and four employees. Through hard work, taking calculated risks and learning from initial mistakes, Syafiq has grown his company to where it is today, with more than 60 vehicles and over 100 workers. More than 80% of his employees are Singaporeans. Syafiq also impressed me with his drive to constantly innovate and grow his business. Riverwood has applied technology and productivity measures extensively to boost its competitiveness. Last year, Amazon picked Riverwood as the vendor to deliver their products in Singapore.[+9 sentences] Syafiq is now looking at supplying halal food products to Japan. I asked him why Japan, the country does not have a large Muslim population. He explained that the Japanese are interested in halal food products to serve the growing market of Muslim tourists and also to prepare for Tokyo Olympics in 2020. So, there is an opportunity for a company like Riverwood to enter the market and apply their logistics capabilities and the trusted Singapore brand name to ensure process integrity and quality assurance for halal food products. Third, we must have the best talent in Singapore. Sir, the Government has rolled out several initiatives over the past few years to calibrate the total number of foreign workers in Singapore and safeguard the well-being of Singapore workers. These include training and skills-upgrading for our workers under programmes, such as SkillsFuture, Professional Conversion Programme and Adapt and Grow. We also implemented the Fair Consideration Framework (FCF) and the Tripartite Standard on the Employment of Term Contract Employees. Companies with unfair hiring practices know they will run into problems and troubles with the authorities. About 150 companies have improved their HR practices and moved out of the watch-list. This shows that a differentiated approach is effective in sending the correct signals to companies and incentivising them to adopt good practices that benefit Singapore and Singaporean workers.[+3 sentences] Mr Deputy Speaker, to be pro-Singapore worker is not just about having safeguards. And it is certainly not about building walls and closing our doors to new immigrants and global talent. With Singapore’s ageing population, such an approach will only hurt the country and our people. To be pro-Singapore worker, I believe the more effective way is to grow our economy, help our companies to do well, so that they can provide better jobs, better pay and better life for our workers.[+23 sentences] Singapore produces many talented people through our world-class education system. Singaporeans are held in high regard for our work ethic and reliability. Our workers are highly skilled and trustworthy and we have the ability to work in a diverse environment with people from different cultures and backgrounds. The made-in-Singapore Dyson motor is a good example of how our people are collaborating with the best talent in the world. Dyson, a British company which manufactures household appliances like vacuum cleaners, uses its advanced manufacturing facility in Singapore to produce almost all the digital motors for their appliances sold throughout the world. Yvonne Tan, who is Dyson’s research and development engineering manager, has overseen the production of more than 20 million digital motors since joining the company in 2015. We also have Singaporeans holding senior positions in our multinational corporations (MNCs). Linus Lee heads Twitter’s data science team in Singapore. Clarence Chew led Decathlon’s entry into Southeast Asia and Australia. Interacting with our students gives me confidence that our society and our education system have produced many young people with the resilience, resourcefulness and gumption to compete with the best in the world. I recently attended the graduation ceremony at Ngee Ann Polytechnic (NP) where I met Emmett Goh and Lynette Lau. Emmett did well at ITE and earned a place at NP. He won the Tay Eng Soon Gold Medal at the recent graduation ceremony. But it was not all rosy for him from the start. He was once arrested for getting into a fight with schoolmates when he was 16. After that incident, he decided to turn his life around. During his time at NP, he did a six-month internship at Metta Nairobi, an entrepreneur’s club that brings startup communities together in Kenya. Emmett has many dreams he wants to pursue, including joining a private equity firm, running an exotic resort and becoming an inspirational speaker. Lynette’s story is equally impressive. During her time with NP, she did a six-month internship with Grab Indonesia where she travelled across 10 cities to conduct market research for its business expansion. She successfully devised a new method to reduce the backlog of driver sign-ups and increase their productivity. She even picked up Bahasa Indonesia during her internship. Lynette is now running a startup, Pixcels, which provides photobook services and she aspires to own a successful business one day. To maximise the potential of our people, Singapore’s economy must have the capacity to generate good jobs and provide our people access to the best opportunities, the best networks and the best ideas.[+4 sentences] We cannot rely on MNCs alone to achieve this, but neither should we look inward and only focus on local SMEs. I agree with Mr Liang Eng Hwa that the two need to go hand in hand. MNCs benefit from a strong base of SMEs and SMEs can grow and build new capabilities by working with MNCs. We need an economy with strong companies, whether they are local offices of MNCs, large local enterprises or SMEs. To grow our economy, we have to develop Singaporean talent and also attract talent to our shores so that we can compete with other top-tier cities in the world.[+29 sentences] Ministers Chan Chun Sing and Heng Swee Keat have spoken about this. It is not just about growing our economic capital, but also our intellectual capital. This is why Silicon Valley remains the "centre of the tech universe". Nearly three-quarters of its skilled workers are foreign born. More than 40% of US companies in the 2017 Fortune 500 list were founded by someone who is foreign-born or has parents who are immigrants. Similarly, many of our startups in Singapore have co-founders who are foreign-born. Some have now become Singaporeans, adding to Team Singapore. Besides bringing talent into Singapore, we should also think of ways to tap on the large talent pool in our region. We want to grow a group of regional talent who are familiar with Singapore and whom our companies can work with, both in Singapore and when they expand overseas, not only bringing the region into Singapore but also bringing Singapore into the region. Enhancing such connectivity will provide more win-win opportunities and help our companies to succeed when they expand overseas, when they operate in Singapore. Ultimately, what we want is to strengthen Singapore to benefit Singaporeans. In a recent Straits Times article, Maybank Kim Eng economist Dr Chua Hak Bin said while there should not be a relaxation of the foreign worker policy across the board, there is a need to look at certain sectors which require talent from abroad to support their growth and allow Singapore to seize opportunities and be at the forefront of change. Dr Chua is right, we cannot compete with other top-tier cities in the premier league if we do not have the best talent. Mr Ravi Menon, Managing Director of the Monetary Authority of Singapore, has framed the issue very well. He said: "It is about growing the Singaporean talent base as well as being a magnet for the world's talents...Most of all, being open in spirit and mindset, staying open to diversity, being comfortable working in multicultural settings, thriving in a globalised world, having an enterprising spirit, always seeking new and better ways to do things." I agree with Ravi that this is how we can create more opportunities for our people, to grow our economy, to enable our companies and our workers to do well and to create a better future for our next generation. Sir, in Mandarin, please. (In Mandarin): Mr Thomas Chua feels that the Government and businesses should have trust in each other and learn from each other. I agree with him. This can help the Government to better understand the needs of businesses and help them to succeed. Only by doing well can businesses provide good jobs for workers, support lifelong learning and skills upgrading. Before entering politics, I had met Mr Thomas Chua several times. I have learnt many things from him, including his views and experience in running his business. I remember that when he was the President of SCCCI, we worked together to set up the Trade Association Hub (TAC Hub) in Jurong. This is an important collaboration project between the Government and the Trade Associations. The purpose is to support the development of TACs, deepen the cooperation between the Government and businesses and create a pro-business, pro-worker environment. Another area of cooperation is regulatory review. Government agencies must understand the cost impact on SMEs as a result of regulations, listen to their feedback and reduce unnecessary rules and regulations. With flexible management, we can help businesses to innovate and transform. (In English): Mr Speaker, in the 1960s, our Pioneer Generation of leaders made two strategic economic decisions which were contrarian to the policies adopted by most developing countries at that time. First, we rejected import substitution and instead relied on free trade and export-driven growth. Second, we attracted MNCs to invest in Singapore and made this a key pillar of our economic development strategy.[+1 sentence] These enabled Singapore to move from Third World to First in one generation. In the 1990s and 2000s, we made bold moves to open up our services sector ahead of other countries in Asia by privatising Government-owned entities in industries like telecommunications and power and transforming our services sector through market competition.[+4 sentences] These changes spurred our local corporations to become more productive and more competitive. Entities like PSA, Singtel and DBS are now leading companies in Asia and have created wealth, good jobs and career development opportunities for many Singaporeans. And there is room for them to grow further by tapping on the rise of Asia over the next decade. We are now in a world where some countries are starting to turn inwards and become more xenophobic and less welcoming to trade and foreign investments. As a small open economy, Singapore must resist these forces of populism and protectionism.[+10 sentences] Let us have the courage to once again take a contrarian position by keeping Singapore open and connected with the world and to boldly experiment with innovative ideas and transform our economy. We must continue to grow, so that we have the resources to hold our society together to invest in our people and build new infrastructure and capabilities. To achieve these goals, we need to be pro-business and pro-worker and ensure that the fruits of economic growth can benefit all Singaporeans. During his 60th birthday dinner in 1983, Mr Lee Kuan Yew said, "The past 24 years were not pre-ordained. Nor is the future. There will be unexpected problems ahead, as there were in the past. They have to be met, grappled with and resolved. For only a people who are willing to face up to their problems and are prepared to work with their leaders to meet unexpected hardships with courage and resolution, deserve to thrive and to prosper." Mr Lee's words are a useful reminder for all of us, including a new generation of Singaporeans, to look ahead with confidence as we write the next chapter of the Singapore Story, facing the future together with the same pioneering spirit as our lion-hearted forefathers who built this land. Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Alex Yam (Marsiling-Yew Tee)2178 words
[+13 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion of thanks to the President. Please allow me to return to the theme that I have focused on in the last few years and, at the risk of repeating this ad nauseam, housing was, is and remains the key pillar of our social compact with Singaporeans. Therefore, in our pursuit of a world-class city, one that is well-connected and admired, we cannot forsake the fundamentals. Our development in the last 50 years has been to place the survival of Singapore and the benefit to Singaporeans at the core. This we must not forsake in our next lap. I welcome MND's Addendum to Mdm President's speech, especially the reiteration that home ownership gives Singaporeans a tangible stake in our country and a critical sense of belonging. However, I wish to jump in immediately to address a hot potato that has resurfaced in recent months, especially in media opinion pieces. And this is the issue of 99-year leases. While it arose because of the collective sale fever at the tail end of last year, I think we should take the opportunity to address this issue now and head on. The furore that has surrounded it reflects how much home ownership has become part of the Singaporean identity. The passions that have heated up around its discussion recently are not so much a reflection of angst but perhaps of genuine worry on the ground about how lease decay might fundamentally change the way we view our assets. For a long time, Singaporeans have known that leases will run down eventually. It is also not that a majority of flats will be reaching the end of their lifespan anytime soon. Only about 7% or 70,000 flats will reach the 50-year mark at the tail end of the next decade.[+17 sentences] In the context of the recent collective sale bubble, lease decay has also led to the unfortunate comparison of parity – that a 20-year-old apartment or a 40-year-old HUDC project can undergo collective sale and thus monetise the asset for the owners and turn back the clock for developers, seems somewhat unfair. Of course, there are major differences between both. But, in situations like these, no amount of rational explanation can address the perceived unfairness completely. What was perhaps a non-issue just not so long ago, has made a number of Singaporeans unduly worried. One homeowner I met recently shared how she was worried about not being able to sell the family flat in the future. She had never contemplated it previously. All of a sudden, in response to media articles, the family is now making actual plans to sell their 30-plus-year-old flat to purchase a newer one. Just yesterday, during my block visit, I caught up with two families. One was worried that their flat value will decline rapidly soon. Another mother told me that she was contemplating applying for the new projects in Tengah in view of her children growing up. Given their worries, you would be forgiven for thinking that this block I visited is quite old. In fact, it is all of only 21 years old. It is a very, very young flat. So, this reaction to this decay has perhaps taken on a life of its own. Ultimately, we all know that housing is, fundamentally, a depreciating asset in the long run. But with such widespread concern, I think some clarity from the Ministry and the Government is called for at this point in time. Because we cannot, on the one hand, say that home ownership offers a tangible stake but, at the same time, have homeowners wondering how stable and lasting that stake will be for them. There have been a number of suggestions from hon Members of the House. I would suggest that a modified SERS system be considered in the future for expansion.[+2 sentences] Let us take this from the view that we are a land-scarce city state. Even the recent projects that we have announced means that we take over land from areas set aside for other developments in the past like in Tengah, Paya Lebar, an airbase, and Bidadari, a former cemetery, for housing development. At some point in time, we will have to consider how much of land is left and it may make more sense and be more cost-effective to eventually SERS some of the flats at the 60-year mark and re-intensify the land with topped-up leases.[+3 sentences] Older flats do take more to maintain. Those of us who look after Town Councils can attest to that. Constant piecemeal upgrading might not be the most cost-efficient method beyond a certain age. China, for example, faces a situation similar to us and their leases are shorter – 20 years and 70 years – some of which are coming up by 2030.[+3 sentences] Last year, Premier Li Keqiang, announced that the government of China would be seriously considering a Real-estate Protection Provision, a change in the law to automatically renew the leases, but because it is such a complex issue, they have set up a committee to review this over three years. For us in Singapore, we are still some way from that magical age. But it does not hurt to consider long-term solutions now and reassure Singaporeans of their stake in the country. Related to the issue of leases is also housing for our elders.[+1 sentence] These are the builders of our nation. I, therefore, again, welcome MND's Addendum that a new model of assisted living will be piloted.[+17 sentences] We have seen one example of early success with the completion of Kampung Admiralty. While retirement communities are one way forward, I urge the Government to also put serious consideration into helping more elders age inplace. My constituency of Yew Tee is an upgraders' town, which means that many of our residents moved in in their late 30s and early 40s just about two decades ago. These are their second flats, upgraded from their first matrimonial homes. After 20 years, these first generation of owners have aged as our town has matured. They like it here. It is a quiet town, homely. But they also worry. They want to stay where they are. Majority, however, are 5-roomers. They look at their 4-room neighbours and ask why the Government will not extend the Lease-Buyback Scheme (LBS) to them. Indeed, why not? Extend the LBS to 5-roomers. The Government has already revised the flat sizes once before, they say. Attachment to a place gives a greater sense of belonging, especially to older Singaporeans. It is a place that they are familiar with, comfortable with. As more of these naturally occurring retirement communities are formed, early identification of demographic shifts will allow the Government to plan ahead to put in place resources and facilities to cater for the needs of our elders. Of course, ageing-in-place requires changes to be made. So, the enhanced EASE programme will transform existing flats into those suited for our elders and the infirm.[+12 sentences] From my visit to older residents, some areas to consider include suggestions of lower wash areas, kitchen tops for elders dependent on mobility aids or wheelchairs. Like other hon Members, I also believe that technology will play a big part in our next lap. Beyond the grab-bars, ramps and accessibility ramps connecting our elders to the wider world through technology should also be explored. Items, such as home monitoring systems, home alarms, elements that allow the home itself to take care of you, preparing communal facilities in advance are also an important step. Let us take my constituency again as an example. Yew Tee is usually regarded as a relatively young town by our total population. So, when I made the decision to convert one of our early childhood education centres to a senior care centre a number of years ago, I was asked why. But as I had alluded to earlier, though we are statistically quite young, the transition to the silver years will occur in bulk once the first generation of home owners enters their late 50s and 60s. Today, our Senior Care Centre is already up and running and almost at full capacity. So, if we had waited till the demographics changed, we would have had to play catch-up. Over the last few years, I have also been urging the Government to do more for Singapore. I am, therefore, heartened that MND has made significant changes to address the housing needs of our singles, including single parents and divorcees. Yet, there are those who continue to find it a challenge. I, therefore, suggest that the Government extend the short-lease flats currently available under the Fresh Start Housing Scheme and 2-room Flexi Scheme for elders to also younger singles. They must, however, adhere to the minimum 20-year occupancy period.[+14 sentences] Certain additional conditions contingent on employment and income can also be factored in. This will allow those who are lower- to lower-medium income earners who are singles to obtain a flat which might be out of reach for them on a single-income based on the longer leases. I have encountered enough examples of singles, especially divorcees, who face sometimes unsurmountable barriers to their next housing option. Extending this additional option to them and other singles will, similarly, give them an opportunity to have a continued stake in Singapore. Mr Deputy Speaker, in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): This is a poem that was written by a famous poet Du Fu from the Tang Dynasty and the title is “The song of my thatched cottage being destroyed by the autumn wind”. It demonstrated his concern for the country and people. To explain in modern language, the poet asked himself in the poem that, when the thatch on his cottage roof had been blown away, “How can we provide thousands of big and bright houses to house all the poor in the country so that they can live happily?” The houses will not be shaken by rain and wind, as steady as a mountain. Mr Pan Shou, our famous local calligrapher, has written this poem, which is now displayed in the foyer of HDB Hub. This has shown the commitment and the resolve of our Government to improve our people’s living environment. We can say that Singapore has achieved the dream of Du Fu to allow everyone to have a place to live. The older generation of Singaporeans will be familiar with the housing shortage situation around 1959, which led to social instability. The PAP Government decided to treat the housing issue as one of its fundamental national policies. Today, Singapore is probably the only country in the world that has achieved close to 100% homeownership.[+3 sentences] This is something which we should be proud of. We must not forget this in the next phase of our national development. While we pursue to become a modern and advanced metropolis, we must continue to keep in mind Du Fu’s poem and adopt a people-centric approach by putting people’s interest and welfare at the centre of our development efforts. The Government has built multi-generation flats in HDB towns to enable three generations to live under one roof and also to allow different races of Singaporeans to live harmoniously together.[+6 sentences] In terms of urban planning, I hope the Government will continue to maintain our unique Southeast Asian characteristics and history and promote the development of the unique culture of our various ethnic groups. As we develop, we must not forget our roots. We must build a future city which can give the people a sense of belonging and identity. Only by doing this can we demonstrate that Singapore is not just a modern and advanced city but also an endearing home. (In English): Mr Deputy Speaker, Mdm President, in her Address to this House, said and I quote, "With bold thinking, we will create a metropolis that will embrace the future." This metropolis must, indeed, embrace the future for Singapore to progress. Yet, more importantly, this metropolis must embrace all Singaporeans in that journey of progress or we risk becoming no more than one of many cities in the world – cold, utilitarian and unwelcoming. So, even as we embrace progress, let us not forget that in our role as stewards of the future, we are also our brother's keeper. In a built environment, we must look after people and have them at the core.[+2 sentences] To the lonely elderly, may this new metropolis bring warmth and the comfort of friendship of care. To young families, may this metropolis provide opportunities to excel in their work and also to raise a family in a supportive environment. To the disadvantaged and the disabled, may this metropolis be one designed with them in mind from the beginning, but not as an afterthought. To those as yet unborn, may this metropolis be a beacon of hope and light for future generations of Singaporeans, where every child, every life, is valued, protected, embraced and encouraged.[+1 sentence] Only then will this metropolis shine even brighter as a little red dot.
Mr Yee Chia Hsing (Chua Chu Kang)745 words
[+7 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion to thank the President for her maiden Address. The President mentioned that Singaporeans want to live in a fair and just society. She also asked that we must have the courage to go for bold changes and not just tweak things at the margin. One area which I think we should re-consider is our unwritten principle of relying on market forces and being generally reluctant to impose too much regulation in the spirit of promoting free enterprise. However, market forces may, at times, result in inequitable outcomes. Sir, one area which I am concerned about is the relative mismatch in bargaining power between small businesses or SMEs vis-à-vis big corporate landlords for commercial and retail space when it comes to leasing contracts. Allow me to elaborate. Over the past few years, control of commercial and retail space is getting more concentrated. A handful of large property management and investment companies now controls a large slice of the market and are in the position to influence leasing practices and rental rates collectively. Typically, most SMEs leasing commercial or retail spaces from these big landlords will be offered an initial lease period of three years.[+14 sentences] Upon the expiry of the three-year period, many tenants received a rude shock from these landlords that rates have increased significantly. They are thus forced to pay the higher rentals. Even if they choose to move out, they would face heavy losses as their investment in the furniture and fittings would become worthless. Moreover, very often, they even have to fork out more money to reinstate the premises to the original bare shell condition. The current situation thus allows the landlords to hold small businesses ransom due to the unequal bargaining positions. Mr Deputy Speaker Sir, I decided to talk about this topic as I was eating at a café on the ground floor of an office building and overheard the lady boss telling her staff that they most likely are going to close soon as the landlord has informed her that rental will increase by 50% upon renewal. Sir, if we uphold the concept of fairness, then this is indeed not a level playing field between the landlord and the tenant. Our fellow Member, Mr Murali Pillai, also spoke about this during an Adjournment Motion on the power imbalance in contracts involving small businesses in February this year. In his speech, he advocated offering small businesses the same level of protection as would be offered to individuals. This is the case in Australia and, to a lesser extent, Hong Kong. Deputy Speaker, Sir, there is an urgent need to relook how such unfair practices are affecting small businesses. If left unchecked, it may harm entrepreneurship, increase cost of doing business and, eventually, lead to higher cost of living in Singapore. Sir, I think the initial lease term of three years is too short a period for new businesses trying to set up shop. The short lease period would not allow them to build up a steady clientele base for them to recover their investment in their furniture and fittings. As such, I would like to propose that landlords have to give all prospective new tenants the option to lease for a period of up to five years, while subsequent renewals can remain at three years.[+1 sentence] This allows a longer runway for SMEs to build up their businesses and recover their investment in the premises. An exemption from granting the five-year option may be made for tenants who take over existing furniture and fittings from a previous tenant and also do not have to reinstate the premises to a bare shell condition upon the expiry of their leases.[+7 sentences] This will help to lower business cost and discourage landlords from inserting the reinstatement requirement into their leasing contracts. The reinstatement requirement is not only costly to businesses but also environmentally wasteful. Without the reinstatement clause, businesses, which take over the furniture and fittings may only need to make minor renovation adjustments. This will help lower business cost. Deputy Speaker, Sir, for too long, we have left things to market forces and not impose any regulation on commercial and retail leases. I think it is time to consider this as a sacred cow which we have to slay in the name of fairness and help to level the playing field for small businesses. On this note, I reaffirm my support for the Motion.
The Minister for National Development and Second Minister for Finance (Mr Lawrence Wong)4641 words
[+24 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I support the Motion of thanks to the President. The President's speech laid out the priorities of the Government and I will focus my remarks today on how we can build a better city, one that is more innovative, inclusive and resilient. We often think of cities as buildings, hardware and infrastructure. But cities can also be thought of as living organisms. In nature, it is survival of the fittest. Likewise, cities must evolve and adapt to survive in an ever-changing world. There is no such thing as status quo; we are either improving or we are declining and going backwards. And there are countless examples of cities that once were centres of economic activity, but are no longer relevant today. At the same time, many emerging cities are working hard to leap-frog the competition and get to the top. So, the choice for Singapore is simple: adapt or perish. We see that from our own history. Over the last 700 years, Singapore's fortune had waxed and waned. The ancient seaport of Singapura thrived in the late 13th century. In fact, it was described in the Malay annals as the first great Malay trading port. But by the 15th century, the port had declined and the city had been depopulated. Then, the arrival of the British in 1819 set Singapore on a different trajectory, which is why we are commemorating the bicentennial next year. Post-Independence, we have succeeded against tough odds and moved from third world to first. So, what is next for our city? In answering that question, I think we have to also reflect on our fundamental purpose. And as Mr Gan Thiam Poh said yesterday, Singapore's raison d’etre has been and will continue to be that of a trading hub serving the region and the world. But in today's world, it is not just about trading in goods. It is also about the flow of people, talent, finance and other services. It is about being at the centre of action, the centre of research, knowledge-based and innovation activities across Asia and the world. And that is why, in his Budget speech this year, Minister Heng Swee Keat talked about anchoring Singapore as a Global-Asian node of innovation and enterprise. We are taking bold and decisive steps to realise this vision. We are all familiar with the plans for the new Changi Terminal 5 and Tuas Megaport. These are not just individual projects; they are the catalysts to transform major parts of our island.[+17 sentences] In the east, we are reviewing how the entire area around the expanded Changi Airport can be renewed and put to better use. For example, we can develop new industries, especially those related to the aviation sector. And these activities can also benefit from linkages with the nearby Changi Business Park and SUTD. Likewise, in the west, we are looking at new industry clusters that can be located next to the port and leverage on synergies with the port. These will also be connected to broader developments in the west, including the Jurong Innovation District and Jurong Lake District. In the north, we are stitching together multiple developments, from Woodlands to Sembawang and Seletar, as well as the upcoming Punggol Digital District. So, it is an entire northern corridor, which can anchor new businesses and investments. The point is that we are not just doing more of the same. Each new development will be better than the one before. Each new project will push the boundary and pilot innovative solutions to make our city more attractive and further enhance our quality of life. And this is what we have been doing all the while. Look at what we have done in our HDB towns. Our newest town is Punggol. The blueprint was launched in 1996 and then we had to slow down due to the financial crisis. But we improved and upgraded the plan, relaunched it in 2007. Now, Punggol it is almost complete and it is a beautiful waterfront town where new flats are very popular with young couples. The next town is Tengah. It is a forest town which we have designed and the first batch of flats will be sold in November this year. We will improve on what we have done in Punggol so that Tengah will be even better, with new concepts of urban living, like smart home solutions, eco-friendly features and even autonomous vehicles (AVs) to provide shuttle services around the estate. And besides launching Tengah, we are now already looking at the next new site and, that is, Paya Lebar, after the air base relocates to Changi.[+7 sentences] The site is bigger than Ang Mo Kio or Bishan. So, there are huge opportunities for further urban innovation for a better quality of life for Singaporeans. In the same way, we have been constantly developing and improving our city centre. We started by renewing our CBD in the 1970s to create more office space. Then, we extended the CBD to Marina Bay. We started reclaiming the land in the 1970s. We launched the masterplan for Marina Bay in 1983 and, over the subsequent years and decades, worked hard at conceiving and developing the Marina Bay that we have today. Next, we will extend the city further to the Greater Southern Waterfront, after the ports move to Tuas.[+29 sentences] The space is three times the size of Marina Bay. But we want the impact to be much more than three times of Marina Bay. This is a completely blank canvas for all of us to dream of exciting new possibilities for the future and to make these dreams come true. So, when we say that we are not done building Singapore, it is not a slogan. It is a single-minded commitment and mission to keep building and improving our city. And I can confidently say that, over the coming years and decades, Singapore will be undergoing its most extensive transformation yet. What is our goal? To make Singapore one of the great cities of the world. A truly outstanding city to live, work and play, the kind that people talk about and return to over and over again. A city where everyone belongs; where all of us are proud to call home. An outstanding city is not just economically vibrant but it also needs to be socially inclusive; a place that embraces diversity, where different groups mix easily and have equal opportunities to participate. Unfortunately, if you look around us, it is not always the case in many cities. Often, the downtown area looks good, but other areas in the city are left to deteriorate, resulting in urban slums. From time to time, you will see segregation of neighbourhoods: between rich and poor; between ethnic groups; between young and old. We have worked very hard to avoid these problems in Singapore. Every HDB town has a balanced mix of residents across different ethnic groups and backgrounds. Every town has a mix of public-private developments, as well as different HDB flat types catering to diverse needs. Every town has common spaces where residents of different backgrounds get together, socialise and forge shared memories together. We have neighbourhood shops and hawker centres. We have playgrounds and fields where the children grow up and play. And, personally, growing up in Marine Parade, I still have very fond memories of the dragon playground downstairs next to my block and the children from all around that block coming down to play together. All of us may not know one another very well. From different backgrounds, it does not matter, we all get together to play. The void decks used to always be animated with activities; it will be a real treat for us to see a magic show and then there will be potluck and the parents will cook and we all eat together. And this special quality of HDB living, I am sure all of you can attest to is still alive and well today. We have done well in the last 50 years, but more still needs to be done. Our housing and urban plans must continue to push back against the growing pressures of inequality and social stratification. We cannot just leave things to chance, but we must deliberately plan for a more equal and inclusive society. And that is why we have been building more rental flats with newer, better designs, alongside the sold flats in various HDB towns. This means that families grow up in the same neighbourhood and the residents share the same common areas and facilities. We are now going one step further to integrate rental and sold units within the same HDB block.[+1 sentence] We are also doing more to help families in our rental flats. Last year, almost 1,000 households moved out of rental flats to become homeowners. They are supported by significant housing grants as well as new programmes like the Fresh Start Housing Scheme.[+7 sentences] One thousand households from rental to homeownership. That is not bad but we must do even better than that. MND will be working with MSF, SSOs and the VWOs to see how best we can support the families, help them solve their issues holistically and get back on their feet. Besides looking out for rental families, we must also take care of the elderly, especially those who are living on their own in studio and 2-room flexi apartments. We do not want them to feel isolated and disengaged, as Members have highlighted just now. So, we are putting a lot more emphasis in the way we design our HDB flats and estates. This means more shared public spaces, like civic plazas and community gardens, for them to stay active. It means more community services and amenities, all under one roof, for convenient access. And a good example of what we have done is Kampung Admiralty which was officially opened over the weekend. Kampung Admiralty is just one small kampung with just over a hundred units, but we will plan for more “kampungs” in other HDB towns.[+20 sentences] Another aspect of inclusive development is to continually renew our buildings and infrastructure, because we do not want a situation where certain parts of Singapore are left to degrade and we end up with deteriorated neighbourhoods or towns, inhabited largely by lower-income or elderly residents. This is not just a Government matter. It is a shared responsibility. It requires the Town Councils to do proper maintenance and upkeeping of the estate. It requires residents to take care of the neighbourhood. But the Government has and will continue to do its part. All Members are familiar with the programmes we have put in place for estate renewal. You know them by the acronyms. We have the Selective En-bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS), Remaking our Heartlands (ROH), Neighbourhood Renewal Programme (NRP) and Home Improvement Programme (HIP). All of these programmes are scoped carefully to ensure they are fiscally sustainable. SERS, as the name implies, is done only on a very selective basis. ROH is for town-wide enhancements; we have largely completed six towns and consultations are ongoing for three towns now. NRP which is for neighbourhood facilities, is ongoing for blocks built up to 1995. And HIP for enhancements or for retrofitting within the unit itself, is being completed for the flats that were built up to 1986. The selection of flats will be done as soon as possible so that we can complete this batch of HIP. Many Members have asked for extensions of these programmes. You would like to know when ROH can be done for your town; or when HIP can be extended to the newer flats. We do want to renew and rejuvenate our HDB towns in an orderly fashion. But as I have explained before, upgrading projects are expensive and span many years. So, we are studying this carefully to make sure that we have the resources to follow through on any future commitments. The need to maintain and renew our HDB towns is also linked to the issue of the end of lease. We have made clear from the outset that the HDB lease is 99 years.[+28 sentences] There is no doubt about that. Ninety-nine years is a long time – it covers two generations. The oldest HDB flat today is around 50 years and the vast majority have more than 60 years remaining. So, this is not an immediate issue at all. Yet, some have already called for automatic lease extensions or for HDB lease top-ups by private developers. It will be easy for me to give you a politically expedient answer now and try to wave away the problem. But there are serious trade-offs and ramifications to consider. Take the issue of lease extension. It sounds easy to do but it is not a straightforward matter. First, we should not assume everyone wants it. Second, as all of us who run Town Councils know, much more maintenance is needed for older flats. Imagine the flat beyond 99 years and how much more maintenance is needed and how costly it will be for residents. More importantly, despite our best efforts at planning, we are still severely constrained by space in Singapore. If there is no more land to recycle for future public housing, then what will happen to our children and grandchildren? How will they have access to subsidised housing in the future? So, this is a complex issue and I am glad many Members who spoke about this recognise this. Several Members have offered suggestions, including Miss Cheryl Chan and Mr Alex Yam. Mr Leon Perera also spoke about this and I look forward to the Workers' Party's suggestions on this matter because he said that the Workers' Party is studying this matter very seriously and I look forward to receiving your suggestions as well. In fact, we welcome views on this matter from all parties and all Singaporeans. We recognise that it is a matter that Singaporeans care about and we want to listen to your views and feedback. Ultimately, the Government must grapple with these difficult questions, study the matter and do the responsible thing. Our duty is not just to the current generation who already own homes, but also to the future generations – those not yet voting and those not yet born, those whose lives and future depend on us making the right decisions now, on their behalf. At the end of the day, we want to ensure that every generation will be able to have an affordable and quality home in Singapore. We still have the time to do this work, as I have emphasised earlier but, for now, what is important is that we do not speculate, we do not spread misinformation which can impact the market. And this is critical. In fact, recently there was speculation that the Government would stop the use of CPF entirely for the purchase of HDB flats. It started from a media report highlighting a suggestion from an academic. He later clarified that the article did not fully reflect his views, yet, the information continued to circulate online and through WhatsApp groups. Just earlier this week, a resident came to me, showed me the phone with the screenshot of the article and said, "Is the Government going to stop the use of CPF?" So, let me be very clear about this. We are not stopping the use of CPF for HDB purchase.[+4 sentences] Even for older flats, CPF can still be used but under certain conditions to safeguard retirement adequacy of home-buyers. There has also been concern about the impact of lease expiry on HDB prices. But there is still value in older HDB flats – value which can be unlocked for retirement. We looked at real transaction data over the past year. An older 4-room flat with less than 60 years remaining would sell for around $300,000, median price; and a 5-room flat would sell for around $400,000.[+1 sentence] These are for non-mature estates. For flats in more popular locations, prices can be significantly higher – more than double the prices which I just mentioned earlier, more than double.[+4 sentences] So, a 4-room flat with less than 60 years remaining can sell for more than $600,000; a 5-room flat can sell for more than $800,000. Not pretend data, theoretical data; transaction data over the past year. So, the transacted price depends not just on length of remaining lease, clearly, but it also depends on many other attributes – factors like location, the storey height, the condition of the flat, these are all very relevant. Whatever the price you get from the sale of a flat today, the sales proceeds would be more than sufficient to purchase a smaller flat for retirement, for those who are interested in right-sizing. For example, if you sell a flat now, a 4- or 5-room, you can purchase a 2-room flexi flat from HDB with a 40-year lease for around $100,000; or a 3-room resale flat for around $250,000, depending on location.[+6 sentences] And people are doing that. I give you an actual example that happened recently. Mr Abdul Aziz Haji Hamdan, who is 67 years old, originally owned a 3-room flat in Marsiling with around 60 years of lease remaining. He decided to right-size to a Studio Apartment in Kampung Admiralty with a 30-year lease. He sold his 3-room flat for $250,000, purchased the Studio Apartment for just over $100,000. So, he has more than $140,000 in cash and CPF proceeds to supplement his retirement savings. For those who prefer to stay in the same place, there is also the Lease Buyback Scheme, where you can sell part of the remaining lease to HDB; or the option of renting out a bedroom. So, the monetisation schemes we have are in place and they are working; and we will continue to review and enhance these schemes and help our elderly unlock the value of their flats for retirement.[+12 sentences] Buying and selling a property can be a complex undertaking and it is easy to get carried away by market sentiments. Just not too long ago, there were people speculating in older HDB flats hoping to get SERS benefits and not explicitly saying that they were doing that. Now, the reverse has happened and there are people overly anxious about how much their older flats can fetch in the resale market. So, my advice to Singaporeans is this: do not buy or sell based on speculative information. Look at the facts and, if you are in the market for a home, do your homework carefully and choose something that fits your needs. We will make the resale market work better for potential buyers and sellers. In fact, I was reminded of this in a recent MPS. One resident came to me to seek help for more time to sell their flat because they could not get the price that they were looking for. Right after that, another resident came and said, "I need a flat urgently, please give me a direct allocation of a flat from HDB". I told her, "I can't do that, you got to ballot, but if you want your flat so urgently, why don't you go to the resale market?" And she immediately said, "Resale market too expensive." So, on the one hand, sellers find it hard to sell; on the other hand, buyers are saying that prices are still too high. So, we need to find better ways to match buyers and sellers in the HDB market. We started with the HDB Resale Portal, which has simplified and speeded up the resale transaction process and we will continue to do more. We will provide more information on the available flats in the market – be it new flats or resale flats – so that we can help buyers and sellers transact more smoothly and we can help Singaporeans make more informed housing decisions that best suit their needs.[+5 sentences] Besides the public housing market, we are also watching the private housing market. The property market, like any other asset market, will go through ups and downs. The Government cannot control or fix prices. But neither do we take a completely hands-off approach. We recognise that there may be over-borrowing in a very low interest rate environment and that sharp price changes that run ahead of fundamentals can be destabilising to the broader economy. So, we have put in place various measures over the years. We will continue to monitor market trends closely and make use of various policy levers to ensure a stable and sustainable property market.[+12 sentences] Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, Singapore is a nation of homeowners. So, it is understandable why housing remains a top concern for all our people. My assurance is that the Government will continue to provide affordable and quality homes for all Singaporeans – both now and into the future. We will make sure that, in every town, we have a range of housing and amenities for all ages; more shared spaces for all to enjoy; and a place where every Singaporean feels that they belong. Besides being more innovative and inclusive, we also have to incorporate resilience in our urban development. What will happen to the world in the next 50 years? No one can predict. But we can be sure there will always be crises and threats and even black swan events. So, we have to build resilience into our city and urban systems. One big unknown is whether the planet can continue to sustain continued economic activities. If the world does not do enough to tackle climate change, Singapore will be at risk of coastal inundation due to sea level rises. So, we need to start making preparations now to strengthen Singapore’s resilience against climate change. One specific project we are doing is the polder development in Pulau Tekong.[+11 sentences] The dike system in the polder is designed to cater for sea-level rise and the dike can be raised and upgraded more easily compared to traditional reclamation. Concurrently, we are also studying how best to safeguard Singapore’s long-term coastal protection needs and we are undertaking detailed modelling and engineering studies for this purpose so that we can identify and recommend appropriate protection strategies. They may include use of dikes, pumps or other technologies, but the most important thing is to be prepared. So, this is just one example of how we are building resilience into our system and there are many more things that we will need to do to be a more resilient city. The urban transformation plans I have shared are significant in scale and require considerable fiscal resources. Mr Pritam Singh said earlier in the Debate that the current Government has more financial resources than previous generations of PAP leaders. But he forgot to mention that our fiscal commitments and spending are also at their highest ever levels. Singaporeans today are being provided with more services and support than before. For now, we are just able to meet all of our spending needs with current resources. But without additional revenues, how are we to meet the growing healthcare needs, as well as the many other proposals that various people, including the Workers' Party, have been asking for? And both Mr Pritam Singh and Mr Leon Perera have reiterated the call to change the rules on the use of reserves so that we can draw more from the reserves. Mr Leon Perera said that this was not just a technical issue, but a philosophical issue and I agree with him. But the rules were discussed at length, debated in this House thoroughly, so that we can find the right balance between present and future generations and we enshrine the rules in our Constitution.[+10 sentences] And this was done not too long ago. What does it say about us and our mindsets and attitude, if the minute we need the money, the first thing we do is to relax the rules? Surely, that will be ill-disciplined, imprudent and unwise. This goes back to the issue of responsible governance. Look at the challenges that other First World democracies face – their politics have become more fractured, chaotic and unpredictable. One common thread across many of these countries is that they are in fiscal difficulties. Why? Because the politicians pander to the electorate; they spend more than they collect in taxes and run up unfunded obligations and debt. Ultimately, the ones who suffer are the citizens, especially the most vulnerable. Singapore is in a different position today. Our fiscal position is strong, but if we succumb to temptation; change the rules, chip away at our reserves, we run the very real risk of compromising the long-term health of our nation.[+1 sentence] That is not the Singaporean way. The Singaporean way is to look ahead and prepare for the future responsibly.[+20 sentences] We level with our people, so, everyone knows what to expect and what hard choices we need to take. We work to serve the interests of all Singaporeans, not just for one or two electoral cycles, but over the long term. That is what we have been doing and will continue to do. Earlier, I likened the city to a living organism, where we either adapt or perish. Let me use another analogy. In some ways, our next phase of development is like pushing a boulder uphill. It requires constant effort to keep going up. The moment we relax and let go, the boulder starts moving downhill, slowly at first and then at uncontrollable speeds and then it will be too late. The higher up the hill, the greater the tendency for the boulder to roll down. And, indeed, we are now at a higher point on the hill. So, we need all hands on deck to keep pushing the boulder together and to reach even higher peaks of excellence. That does not mean that you have to agree with every Government policy; if you have a different idea or proposal, we stand ready to listen and to review our policies. But please do not disagree just for the sake of doing so. I recall a speech that Mr Rajaratnam once made where he said, "It’s easy to win attention by disagreeing with the Government. If the Government says ‘white’ and you advocate ‘black’, you will be hailed at the next cocktail reception as an original and bold thinker." But in the end, what is important is that we all come together with the genuine interest to solve the real and vital problems affecting our nation. The academic I mentioned earlier on the CPF matter, Prof Walter Theseira, when he clarified his remarks on the CPF issue, also wrote on his Facebook page: “It’s easy to make fun of policymakers and it’s also easy to critique policy. Finding workable solutions that promote the public interest is a lot harder but, more than ever, we need to work together to help improve policy in Singapore.” I fully agree with him. This endeavour of building our future Singapore cannot be done by the Government alone; it must be a collective effort involving all Singaporeans. For the MND work, there are many areas where we will want to invite Singaporeans to share their views and perspectives, from major projects like the Greater Southern Waterfront and the Rail Corridor, to the design of new HDB towns and right down to specific improvements that can be made in your estate and neighbourhood.[+1 sentence] We want to build a city that reflects the aspirations, the values and the spirit of our people. That is the work we have to do together over the next 50 years. And then, when we celebrate SG100, we can look forward to a greener, smarter and even more beautiful city, one that all of us are proud to call home.
Mr Deputy Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Yes, Mr Pritam Singh.
Mr Pritam Singh (Aljunied)134 words
[+1 sentence]Thank you, Deputy Speaker. Just following up on the speech of Minister Lawrence Wong, pertaining to Government surpluses. I noted in my speech that, at this current point, the Government has slightly in excess of $15 billion in accumulated surpluses.[+3 sentences] The Minister was speaking of a debate we had when the NIRC formula was amended to include Temasek. In that debate, if I remember correctly, the reasons given for the change were higher expenditure on healthcare, higher expenditure on ageing and infrastructure development. And just to get a sense of the Government's plans in future, given the accumulated surpluses at hand, largely, I would believe as a result of Temasek's inclusion, do we have some understanding of what new projects or even endowments will be created by the Government for the years to come?
Mr Lawrence Wong403 words
[+2 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, when Mr Pritam Singh referred to the surpluses this year, I think we have made it very clear during the Budget and in the Budget Debate that these were exceptional items, one-off items, and should not be extrapolated. They were specific to certain contributions from MAS which we have explained. Through the rest of the term, I think the Minister for Finance had made clear during the Budget Debate, and I would repeat, that we believe that we have just enough resources to cover Government needs for this term of Government. But beyond this term of Government, we know that expenditures will continue to rise. There is no doubt that healthcare spending will rise; there is no doubt about that.[+7 sentences] It is indisputable because the population is ageing; and it will rise very sharply. So, on healthcare alone, the increase is significant and we have to cater for this. On the revenue side, if you look at our revenues, there is a part of them that is linked to income and taxation, largely to the economy. But we know that the economy is not going to grow in the same way that it used to in the past. Growth is moderating and so revenues from these different taxation models will moderate too. Then, we have NIRC. This is already the single largest item in our revenue source today. NIRC, as a percentage of GDP, will continue to provide us a steady stream of revenues for the future, but we do not expect that to increase as a percentage of GDP.[+8 sentences] It will just provide a steady constant stream of revenue as a percentage of GDP. We do not expect that to go up. In fact, there is a risk that it may even come down. Why? Because if you look at the trends in the asset markets today, interest rates are at historically low levels. If you look at equity valuations, they are highly elevated. So, there is a risk that long-term asset returns may be lower in the future. So, if you look at this overall picture, spending beyond the term of Government going up, inexorably and clearly going to happen, revenue uncertain and, if anything, there are more downside risks than before, then I think you would appreciate that our fiscal position is, in fact, not that strong and we need to take steps to further strengthen it.
Mr Deputy Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Leon Perera.
Mr Leon Perera225 words
[+9 sentences]Thank you, Sir. I thank the hon Minister, Mr Lawrence Wong, for his comments and references. Just two points of clarification for the Minister. Firstly, in view of the likely future changes and the demographic make-up of Singapore, the size of our reserves, the needs of our society and our population, would the Government not, at some point in the future – I know that it is hard to specify when – consider evolving the position on the treatment of reserves in line with the changing of conditions? Or is it something that is set in stone and cannot be changed. That is my first point of clarification. The second point for the Minister: would the Minister acknowledge that there are other costs on the other side of the equation? The more future Governments are to raise things like GST, the more that raises economic pressure and, potentially, anxieties experienced by Singaporeans and the more that can affect other things which are important for the country and also important for economic growth, like TFR which, I think, has been said is an existential issue for Singapore, like entrepreneurship, risk-taking, long-termism, innovation and things like that. If we give more room to those things, might there also not be the possibility that these things could raise economic growth and, therefore, raise revenue further down the line?
Mr Lawrence Wong249 words
[+10 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, Sir, I have learnt in Government to say, "Never say never." As I mentioned earlier, we are prepared to listen to different views; we are prepared to listen to different proposals; and when these proposals come, we will always be prepared to review our policies. But my point on the NIRC rules is this: that this was debated at length only not too long ago. We went through this discussion in this House, debated thoroughly the points and we settled on a framework. A framework that we think best meets the needs of both current and future generations and balances that fairly. And we decided to enshrine these rules in the Constitution. Let us not be so quick to rush the minute we need money and say, "Can we tweak the rules again?" So, that is on the first point. On the second point, would cost of Government impose a drag on the economy? Yes, for sure it will. If the Government Budget – which means the revenues that we need to collect to meet the Budget – balloons to 25% of GDP, 30% of GDP, 40% of GDP like in some European countries, for sure it will be a drag on the economy.[+1 sentence] So, what I would very much like to hear from Members of this House is: if you think this is a concern, please let us have proposals, not to spend more, which we keep hearing, but to spend less for a change.
The Senior Minister of State for Communications and Information and Transport (Dr Janil Puthucheary)3462 words
[+21 sentences]Mr Deputy Speaker, I rise in support of the Motion of thanks to our President for her Address. Sir, my first speech in politics was in November 2009. At that time, I was a volunteer and an activist with Mr Sam Tan at his Radin Mas branch. There was some tea involved, not all of which was drunk. The next thing I knew, I was invited to deliver a speech at the PAP party convention in November 2009. I made a speech about a couple that I had met who ran a bicycle shop and from whom I had bought a bicycle. The speech was about the way they had run their business, they had pivoted to a new business model; and the opportunities that they saw, I suppose, today, I would have used terms like "disruption", "SkillsFuture", "resiliency". But really, my agenda was to talk about cycling and to put across the idea that cycling had an important role to play for commuters. I had a pet peeve about cycling. I had been cycling as a commuter for some time and I found great difficulty as a result of one rule. And that rule was that I was unable to take my folding bicycle on the MRT, except at some very peculiar hours, very early in the morning. And this one rule got in the way of my ideal commuting solution. So, I used that platform to talk about how we should allow folding bicycles on the MRT at all times. Since then, I have made many speeches. Some of them were related to transport, the Bus Service Enhancement Programme, free rides on the MRT in the morning as a way of dealing with congestion, and several more about cycling. Nine years later, I find myself posted to the Ministry of Transport (MOT). Never let it be said, Mr Deputy Speaker, that the Members of this House do not have a sense of humour! Much has changed in that time. There have been new industry models that have affected our public transport framework. We have the Bus Contracting Model where the Government owns all the assets. This model allows us to be far more responsive to changes in ridership, to the needs of commuters, to drive better competition, better efficacy and better efficiency. We have the new Rail Financing Framework, again, hoping to deal with issues of responsiveness and contestability in the market, putting a different emphasis on renewal of assets and the financial sustainability of our public transport infrastructure. We have seen an expansion in capacity, a $1.1 billion programme, the Bus Services Enhancement Programme for 1,000 Government-funded buses, improving capacity for 70% of bus services. We have seen the introduction of City Direct Services, shorter waiting times, new rail lines which have either been built, opened or for which construction has started in Downtown Line, the Thomson-East Coast Line, Jurong Regional Line, Cross-Island Line and extensions to many existing MRT lines.[+3 sentences] We have seen that trial of free MRT rides in the early morning. All MRT stations now have barrier-free access. All trains have space for a wheelchair and handrails in the central carriage. All bus interchanges are barrier-free: 97% of bus stops and 96% of buses have wheelchair access. And by the end of the year, 2018, this year, we will have 200 kilometres of covered linkways under the Walk2Ride programme.[+8 sentences] Over the last couple of years, we have seen the technology around digital motors and battery technology improve to the point where a significant number of power-assisted bicycles have appeared on our roads and e-scooters have appeared on our pavements as a result of which we had to have the Active Mobility Act, dealing partly, amongst other things, with which device goes where and which pedestrian commuter or mobility solution has the right of way. We have seen the appearance of bicycle-sharing service operators, dockless bicycle-sharing service operators. This has significantly improved the last-mile connectivity, but it has also disrupted plans that we have had for docked bicycle-sharing services. It has created a whole set of disamenities and complaints and concerns. The number of HDB cycling towns has now increased to nine, with the paths and associated bicycle parking spaces. And some years ago, finally, I was able to take my folding bicycle on public transport at all times. None of these happened because of any one speech. Many Members of this House have spoken on these matters, many volunteers, many activists, have made representations and there continues to be an on-going serious, significant channel for public feedback. MOT and LTA received, in this year past, more than 850,000 enquiries and points of feedback.[+14 sentences] In that same one year, 1,000 media enquiries and 200 media releases. A constant process of engaging with academics who are interested in this space. And the academics are a combination of engineers, public policy academics, but also economists and urban planning specialists. We engage with industry, people who operate our services, the people who run research and development programmes, the trade associations and the unions on policy, regulatory and operational matters. We have engaged with local communities, grassroots organisations, grassroots' leaders, advisors, interest groups and activist groups. My colleagues and I in Punggol may have contributed significantly to some of those 850,000 enquiries over the last year, my apologies to my new colleagues in MOT and LTA. Over the same period of time, Senior Parliamentary Secretary Faishal Ibrahim has started and led the Active Mobility Advisory Panel, now in its second term reviewing the effectiveness of the interventions that they have introduced. They engage in a process of consultation that requires in-depth interviews with a wide range of commuters, pedestrians and active mobility users. A public survey that went out to over 5,000 people, focus group discussions with hundreds of people. Similarly, we have had the Family-Friendly Transport Advisory Panel co-chaired by the Chairman of the PTC, Mr Richard Magnus, as well as our colleague Mr Sitoh Yih Pin. And similar consultative exercises for our Land Transport Master Plans 2008 and 2013. Online surveys, focus group discussions, an international advisory panel, grassroots organisations. Singaporeans have been whole-heartedly engaging in this process, enthusiastically, and, sometimes, not so pleasantly, but, in general, with a view to improving our system and processes and making this work better for them and for our country. This is no surprise because our land transport system is a significant part of our lived daily experience. It affects our economy, it affects our happiness, it affects our social life, it affects our family life and our kids’.[+1 sentence] Transport for education; 15.4 million journeys daily. It supports 1.1% of our GDP, creates 123,000 jobs.[+10 sentences] This is an important part of our daily experience. But the Government's role in this is not just about operating and effectively managing a feedback channel. We have to act in a certain series of dimensions. We have to firstly safeguard the public interest. In this, we have to look at basic infrastructure, the core components, roads, tracks, stations, depots, railways. These are large long-term investments. And difficult, if not impossible, for a purely commercial interest to take the right kind of perspective, the long-term horizon and balance out the public interest with the opportunity for profit. We also, in the same space, have to think about regulations and safety standards, service quality; we have to ensure that the equipment is maintained and lives up to performance, using levers, such as licences and contracts. But we do not want to remove profit completely. We want to ensure, through our second thrust of work, that we level the playing field to allow private enterprises to step in, to allow businesses to develop new models of work, new commercial operators to come in, to minimise the regulatory barriers and to use as light a touch as possible to have the benefits of commercially-driven innovation and fair practices and a competitive environment for business, to bring to bear those benefits that are available for our land transport system. This can be about the services, the direct provision of services for transport; it can also be about the auxiliary services around transport, inter-operability of the modality of payments, for example.[+1 sentence] Finally, we have to address market failures, such as the example I gave around bicycle-sharing services; while this is an important service, it provides that last-mile connectivity, it is welcomed by its users, but the negative externalities of the errant parking, the discarded bicycles, cause significant problems. We then had to have the Parking Places (Amendments) Bill to introduce the licensing regime.[+1 sentence] So, in this area then, what are the changing circumstances, the changing environment and the new opportunities that we will need to respond to for our land transport system? Well, we have seen and we will continue to see developments around the private hire car industry, the point-to-point industry – Uber, Grab and various other players. The introduction of those algorithms and their changes to the fares available and the opportunities that commuters took advantage of have been welcomed but they have also driven disruptions and changes to our taxi industry and the people who drive the taxis.[+8 sentences] We have seen the growth of on-demand bus services and bicycle-sharing services and are likely to develop new products, new solutions, to meet those needs and those aspirations that commuters have. Simultaneously, we have had a sense of increasingly diverse needs. We have an ageing population, an increasing number of commuters with mobility challenges and we will need to look at increasing accessibility. We are proud of the number of our services, stations, trains and buses which are wheelchair-accessible or barrier-free. But just like that one regulation had impeded and hindered my commuting journey, when it comes to issues of accessibility, when mobility is a challenge, it does not take much to get in the way between the intent or the idea and the ability for someone with a mobility challenge to effectively use public transport independently. A small step misaligned, a small design flaw and it gets in the way of a functional outcome that is necessary for that person or that family. And families need to be considered, specifically, for the future of our public transport system. We need to be increasingly family-centric if we are going to take our car-lite approach seriously, then families with small children especially, need to be able to navigate our public transport system effectively, comfortably and see it as a viable alternative to owning a car. The changes in our economy are going to affect how we deal with our land transport plans. We see the new centres of employment that Minister Lawrence Wong talked about recently: Jurong Lake District, Punggol Digital District, Sembawang, Woodlands and Changi.[+11 sentences] These areas will need to have a greater degree of access to them to bring in those flows of workers. We need to make viable, full transport, this vision to have employment close to home for Singaporeans. But not every Singaporean who works in those new areas will live in those areas. We will need flow to those areas and we will also need flow between those areas. These changes to the patterns of flow of people will affect how we design our connectivity nodes and the main pipes for our land transport system. Some of our new behaviours, the rise of online shopping, this idea that you will have goods delivered to your door instead of going down to the shops, this has disrupted traditional freight movement. Direct shipping has lots of benefits. It is extremely convenient, it means we have access to goods from around the world but, again, it causes potential disamenities. You need space for the delivery trucks to come in, drop-off points for people to leave those trucks while they take those goods in, lockers. And we will need to think about how we calibrate that balance between the convenience for the consumer, the demand for that convenience and the congestion that it generates, even as we maintain the opportunity for new business models to be developed. People are developing new types of jobs – flexi jobs, flexi place, telecommuting – and these shifting patterns of behaviour will also affect how our land transport system is used. Taking all this feedback into account, looking at these changes, looking at these challenges, we are embarking on the next phase of developing our land transport masterplan.[+19 sentences] And, as always, as we have done, repeatedly, we want to do so in consultation, in collaboration with Singaporeans from all walks of life: families, workers, parents, grandparents, industry, academics, activists, grassroots. We want to bring everybody into this process because this matters to our land transport system. It makes it relevant and responsive to the needs and aspirations of the public. But also because, the public, we, have a large role to play in making an effective and pleasant land transport system. Whether it is the choice of the route, the choice of our transport modality, the choice of how and at which time of day we travel. Or the choice around our behaviours: how we choose to board the bus or the MRT, how we choose to stand or sit, how we look out for each other on the roads. We have a plan and we know what we have to do. We know where we have to get to. But how we get there, how quickly and at what cost, what are the priorities? These are the things that we need to hear and we want to hear your views about. We want to continue to consult widely. Please get involved. Please come and let us know, add to those 850,000 emails and phone enquiries that we have. Frankly, if you have a view not just on this journey that I have described but also the destination, if you think that that shape of a strategy, that shape of a big plan about where we want to get to, if you have views on that, let us know. Let us have that discussion and let us have that contest of ideas, so that we can generate the best possible public Land Transport Masterplan for Singapore. We want to hear. With our efforts, we think we know what Singapore needs. But if you are in a position to know better, please, come to us with your proposals. What is the direction, where is the destination? Currently, what is our vision and what are we trying to achieve? We want to provide a seamless land transport system, one that can easily integrate new and innovative mobility solutions as they emerge.[+20 sentences] Whatever we have seen in the last few years, whether it is about the point-to-point industry, private hire cars, bike-sharing and, now, e-scooter sharing, who knows what is going to happen in the next five years? Whatever comes along, we need to find a way, we need to design our public transport system in such a way that whatever comes along will be easily integrated and be part of the solution. In some places, people talk of Mobility-as-a-Service (MAAS). What do they mean when they talk about Mobility as a Service? The implication is that you will have multi-modal transport. Perhaps a shared bicycle to the MRT station. The MRT takes you to a destination at which point you have a point-to-point car waiting for you that will take you eventually to your place of work. That journey should be seen ideally as one journey, as opposed to three separate journeys. Perhaps you can arrange and make a decision about how long it will take you, how much it will cost you on one app, or one platform, or one decision point. Ideally, pay for it using a single-solution. That end-to-end transportation solution is referred to as Mobility-as-a-Service. There are calls that we should do this as a Government. There are people who feel that this idea should be driven by the state. But, ultimately, if we do so, we would remove commercial opportunities. We will remove the opportunities for businesses to come in with their ideas and their ability to drive innovation and innovative practices. And frankly speaking, if you look at what we have today, we have a mixture of state-provided solutions, platforms, services and assets as well as industry-provided, business-provided services. That seamless feel, that integration from end-to-end of your solution and your service, it does not have to all be provided by one entity. If you look at, for example, what people do on their phones: someone sold that to you, you have got your telecommunications subscriptions, the service that you are accessing, if it is a journal or a website, you may have a subscription. But at the end of the day, you use your phone seamlessly and your experience is relatively blind to the various commercial providers you engage with. Similarly, if you use cable: who owns the cable, who owns the telco, the subscription that you have paid for and perhaps your pay per use, pay on demand that you have subscribed to. All these are different entities, but the solution to you is integrated, is seamless. So, you can have a functional outcome of Mobility-as-a-Service and that is where we want to go to, where the state, the Government, has the lightest possible intervention and regulatory touch, in order to make these different components synchronise together.[+1 sentence] What will it require? It will require us to set some standards around safety, but also around inter-operability. It may be necessary for the state to just build a handful of products to interface software, to share data, to put up an API.[+5 sentences] But, ultimately, we want to allow that space to be present for businesses to thrive in. Secondly, we need a transport system that caters to the diverse needs of all commuters and empowers all to use our system independently. When we think of that aspiration in the light of the changing mobility challenges, the changing demographics in age especially, this is going to have an impact on resource and resource allocation. How do we do this in a way that is fair and feels just to Singaporeans? We will need to have a conversation on this. Thirdly, we will develop stronger connectivity to the regional centres that we talked about – bring jobs and daily activities closer to home. But as we do that, as we prioritise these centres in order to drive the economic activity there, in order to drive investment there, we may have to invest ahead of demand for our transport connectivity.[+3 sentences] We may have to prioritise transport connectivity to these areas so that economic activity is made available close to Singaporeans' homes. That seems reasonable but that will have an impact on our overall planning on our priorities, where we will allocate transport connectivity and resources. Again, we will need to have that conversation. In going forward with these three big ideas, we assume that we must go in the direction of being car-lite and that we have to emphasise and encourage people to think about walking, cycling and riding as part of the solution.[+3 sentences] And as we do so, it will have benefits. It will have benefits through our system in terms of the loading capacity and the congestion. It will have benefits to our health in terms of our ability to get a bit more exercise in our day whether it is walking or cycling and it will have benefits to our environment in terms of the emissions as well as our carbon footprint and energy consumption. But again, if you feel a need, a desire or some knowledge on the basis of which you want to challenge those assumptions of going car-lite or talking about walk, ride and cycle and how we address these solutions, we want to hear your views. We will consult widely and ask for public input through many channels. We are setting up an advisory panel with representatives from commuters, workers, academics and disruptive businesses and many more to address our needs for the Land Transport Masterplan going forward, to make recommendations to the Government and to report back to this House, where I anticipate we would engage in a robust and dynamic debate with many strong opinions on our transport system.[+3 sentences] Our land transport system connects people with their jobs; goods with markets; connects ideas together with opportunities; and brings friends and families closer together in communities. It is essential to the experience of living in this wonderful tropical island that Singapore is, the city-state that we call Home. And this, our public land transport system, is one of the key defining characteristics of our home.
Mr Deputy Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Kok Heng Leun.
Mr Kok Heng Leun (Nominated Member)1530 words
[+33 sentences]Thank you, Deputy Speaker, Sir, for allowing me to respond to the President’s Address. First, I would like to thank the President for the Address. I have heard many in the House speak about inequality and the urgent need to address the growing gap between the wealthy and the less privileged. Let me start by reading an excerpt from a book that has greatly influenced my own theatre practice and which I feel we can learn a lot from. The book is "Pedagogy of Hope" written by Paulo Freire, who is a Brazilian pedagogue-educator. In the book, Freire recounts a talk that he did for workers about freedom, authority, punishment, reward and dialogical education, based on his own research and field studies on the ground in Brazil. During the talk, Freire argued for a dialogical loving relationship between parents and children in place of violent punishments, especially amongst the underclass. After his talk, a man, aged about 40, looking worn-out, asked to speak. After he had praised Freire for his nice work, which presented complicated ideas in simple terms, he posed a question to Paulo Freire. I quote the question: “Dr Paulo, Sir, do you know where people live? Have you ever been in any of our houses, Sir?” And then, this man began to describe their houses: the lack of facilities and extremely minimal space within which the families must cramp into. He spoke about how lacking they were in basic necessities. Freire had visited these houses but never lived in them. Then, the man asked another question, “Doctor, I've never been over to your house, but I’d like to describe it for you, Sir.” The man then started describing Friere's house, complete with its amenities: running water, rooms for his children and his personal needs and so on. These are the same amenities that the man himself did not get to enjoy, but which Friere had become accustomed to. Then, the man said, “Now, Doctor, look at the difference. You come home tired, Sir, and I know that. You may even have a headache from the work you do. Thinking, writing, reading, giving these kind of talks that you’ve given now. That tires out a person too. But Sir, it’s one thing to come home, even tired, and find the kids all bathed, dressed up, clean, well fed, not hungry. Yet, it's another thing to come home and find your kids dirty, hungry, crying, and making noise. And people have to get up at four in the morning the next day to start all over again -- hurting, sad, hopeless. If people hit their kids and even ‘go beyond bounds’, as you say, it’s not because people don’t love their kids. No, it’s because life is so hard they don’t have much choices.” It was a sobering sharing for Freire, but he felt very misunderstood. So, he complained to his wife but in response, his wife said, “Could it have been you, Paulo, who didn’t understand them? They understood you, but they needed to have you understand them.” There are two issues here. Firstly, it is really very difficult to acknowledge that one is in a privileged position, whether it is white privilege, Chinese privilege, class privilege, male privilege and so on. To acknowledge it means you are admitting that you are where you are at in life not solely because of your merit, but because your privilege has -- knowingly or otherwise -- helped to get you to this position. That knowledge might make us indignant, especially if we were never conscious of our privilege, let alone think that it is part of why we are successful. We cannot talk about inequality without first acknowledging that some of us are more privileged than others. If we want to address inequality, we must acknowledge the systemic factors that allow for unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. We must think deeply about how we have all -- in some way or another -- contributed to the persistence and growth of inequality. Hence, is it accurate when we say that meritocracy is the way to help keep inequality in check?[+1 sentence] I do not believe so. In fact, the social stratification we see in our midst only reminds us of the imperfection of meritocracy.[+19 sentences] Meritocracy must be not an end to itself. Rather, I believe that it is merely one of the means to a greater end. So, what is this greater end? It is to ensure that Singaporeans and anyone living and working in Singapore are given respect and dignity as an individual being. By that, I mean respect for his or her emotional, spiritual, physical, social and political well-being. And to achieve this, mere economic policy would not be sufficient. We need a cultural shift to think about things humanistically. I think that all of us sitting here in this House would admit that we are the privileged today, even if some of us may have come from a less-than-privileged background. In fact, we may even use ourselves as an example of how meritocracy can work. We might say, “If I have made it, then others also can or will.” Yet, a statement like that does not acknowledge that each of us faces different challenges, which may affect the options we have and alter the paths we can take in life. So, how do we discern these differences? I have talked about vulnerable listening in the last speech I made during the Budget debate and, here, I would like to add one more quality to that, to look at the way we behave culturally. Paulo Freire, through this experience, developed an approach on how to work with the underclass, the people who are oppressed. He said that one needs to listen with compassion and, importantly, one needs to be humble when listening. As we listen, we need to know that we hold positions of privilege. We need to acknowledge that knowing the facts or being intelligent does not mean we can solve all problems and offer good solutions. To take a recent example: in trying to save Ellison Building from being demolished and then rebuilt again, various civil society and heritage experts came in to offer solutions. URA and LTA agreed that they would need to listen deeply, to be more attentive to the needs of all parties and acknowledge that they may not know the best solutions. Through these negotiations, I am glad we have come to a good decision for the future of Ellison Building.[+4 sentences] Good leadership is about humility. Being a good leader is not about showing how visionary you are, but about letting people be part of that visioning process. Lao Zi, in 道德经, or The Way, has these wise words for leaders: 不自见，故明；不自是，故彰。To paraphrase, one should not be prejudicial or you will lose your objectivity. With humility, one can then attain and allow for greater possibilities and discoveries. At the same time, we, as the people, must be critical citizens so that we can demand for good leadership. In fact, I would even go so far as to say, without good and critical citizens, we will not be able to get good and responsible Government and leaders. Governance is not just about what we expect of the Government, but also what we demand of ourselves as citizens.[+7 sentences] We should not just think that our rights as citizens are merely about voting in the leaders. As critical citizens, we must be able to express our views about issues of concern. We should be able to engage in discourse with reason, passion, humility and empathy. Discourse amongst people, between different sectors or between people and leadership should not be about winning arguments or about flushing out the other views. It is not about shaming, name-calling or bullying. Rather, discourse is about understanding and learning to live with the others. We have acknowledged in this House many a time that the world we live in is getting increasingly more diverse. In fact, instead of saying that we are now living in a world of "us versus them", "majority versus minority", I would say that we are living in a world that is made up of disparate minorities.[+9 sentences] We must look towards a heterotopia, a space for all that embraces these differences we have. But there is a trade-off in this. Maybe we will be less efficient in managing all these differences. But I strongly believe that efficacy is more important than efficiency. We cannot just simply invoke this often-used mantra "agree to disagree", so as to expedite decisions. We need to find the time and a way for us to listen to and understand each other long enough so that we are able to agree to disagree, meaningfully. And then, our disagreements will still resurface, but when they happen in future, these differences will not be contentious. Because we have listened with compassion, because we have not assumed that our privilege gives us the ability to offer all the right answers every single time, because we know that, through this long engagement, we would build trust. In this way, we can address disagreements with empathy and generosity.
[+6 sentences]Two months ago, Prof Tommy Koh invited me to speak on a panel at Tembusu College, discussing Singapore’s hopes for the next Prime Minister. The College had also selected a student leader to speak on behalf of his cohort. And to prepare, this student leader spent a whole month running focus groups and surveying his peers. That night, he read out an open letter addressed to the future prime minister that summarised the themes emerging from his research. Prof Koh, who chaired the discussion, and the rest of us panelists recognised it as the best speech of the night. You might have already seen that speech online that went viral and, if you have not, here is the printed version. Three weeks ago, those precocious students hand-delivered 16 letters to my office – one for each of the fourth generation leaders – hoping that I would bring them to Parliament on their behalf. I will keep that promise and pass these to the Clerk for the team.[+4 sentences] Many have already weighed in on this letter online and some praise it for being inspiring but others have slammed it for being naive. And whatever your inclination, it is worth a read because it reflects the perspective of a new generation of voters that will be making themselves heard, regardless, at the ballot boxes in the next few years. I was nominated into Parliament to give insight into youths’ concerns. So, I will thus orient what is probably my last major speech around the three big questions in the students’ letter for they resonate with the themes brought up by Mdm President last week. The students’ first question for their future prime minister is, “How much do you trust us?” This echoes Mdm President’s concern about the future leadership’s ability to listen to, trust and work with the people, particularly those with dissenting views.[+13 sentences] Their second and third questions for their future prime minister are: “How will you unite Singapore?” and “What is Singapore to you?”. This ties in with Mdm President’s call for leadership to deal with social inequality and cast a more inclusive future vision that can “fire up…the spirit of young Singaporeans”. I will explore the questions and make suggestions that I hope are respectful enough of Mdm President’s call for bold changes versus marginal tweaking. First, “How much do you trust us?” In their letter, the students shared their uncertainty about whether their voice in the public square would be welcomed if they did not share pro-establishment views. They wrote: “Do you see us as equal partners, leaders you want to empower, or as citizens you need to govern? What kind of role do you trust us to play? We are prompted in school to think critically and voice our opinions, but we see some naysayers being treated negatively. We are encouraged to push boundaries…yet, those of us who write articles online are reminded to respect existing boundaries. And we are taught it is important to learn our history, but are certain narratives preferred over others?” The youths believe that having dissenting views does not mean they are any less passionate for Singapore’s good or less loyal to Singapore’s interests. They speak out because they care and they want to see their leaders model curiosity and compassion in their engagement with divergent views. And lest we brush aside these dissenting young people as just part of a “vocal minority” that can be ignored, I find their youthful opinion matches the sentiments I hear from a number of 20- to 40-something professionals from the quieter middle ground. My own sense of the ground, and I could be wrong and you may disagree with me, is that there are more people who have dissenting views about what is going on in our country than Government-commissioned opinion polls reveal.[+5 sentences] This is partly because many people in this segment are unlikely to answer such polls in the first place. They do not like registering their dissent openly, be it on survey or social media or any form of record. The reasons why these people keep their dissent to themselves vary. Some honestly assume that their opinion is unimportant or unqualified; some like getting along and fear that their honesty will invite an open rebuke or a cold shoulder from the establishment; and others say it is just self-preservation based on their past experiences. Whatever it is, their quiet dissent is real and such withholding of views may give the leadership the wrong impression that all is quiet on the western front. The shock at the electoral results in the UK, US and Malaysia has shown that some leaders can live in an unfortunate bubble and, sometimes, it is not one entirely of your own making.[+16 sentences] It is a well-known phenomenon that one unintended effect of being in a powerful leadership position is that people surrounding you may start to presume, wrongly or rightly, that their job is to tell you what you want to hear, rather than what you need to hear. One of the most poignant reflections I read about this problem was from former US Secretary of State General Colin Powell. To ensure he always had a clear picture of the ground, Powell said that he made his staffers stick to four simple rules: “Tell me what you know. Tell me what you don’t know. Then tell me what you think. And always distinguish which is which." But even so, those four good rules still could not prevent the issue of withheld dissent which caused him, and his country, to make an astronomical mistake. He recounted, “There is nothing worse than a leader believing he has accurate information when folks who know he doesn’t, don’t tell him that he doesn’t. I found myself in trouble on more than one occasion because people kept silent when they should have spoken up. My infamous speech at the United Nations in 2003 about Iraqi Weapons of Mass Destruction programmes was not based on facts, though I thought it was…A number of senior analysts had big “don’t knows” that they never passed on. Some of these same analysts later wrote books claiming they were shocked that I had relied on such deeply flawed evidence…So, why did no one stand up and speak out during the intense hours that we worked on the speech?…It takes courage to do that, especially if you are standing up to a view strongly held by a superior or to the generally prevailing view, or if you really don’t want to acknowledge ignorance when your boss is demanding answers. The leader can’t be let off without blame in these situations…He has to relentlessly cross-examine the analysts until he is satisfied he’s got what they know and…what they don’t know. At the same time, the leader must realise that it takes courage for someone to stand up and say to him, “That’s wrong.” “You’re wrong.” Or: “We really don’t know that.” The leader should never shoot the messenger. Everybody is working together to find the right answer. And if they’re not, then you’ve got even more serious problems.” So, I do worry when I read surveys that seem to present too positive an assessment of public opinion on controversial issues like transport or water prices.[+1 sentence] I believe such polls may cause an unintended widening of the communication gap between leaders and the ground. In a recent Straits Times interview regarding whether the ground cared about the six-hour questioning of Dr PJ Thum by the Select Committee, I saw this quote, “We went to the grassroots, into the constituency, door to door, and nobody asked about it, nobody wanted to talk about it and nobody was the least bit concerned about it.” And perhaps, but I respectfully offer you my observation that this has not been my own experience of the ground. In my work, I do get to talk to a considerable number of youths and white-collar working professionals. There were definitely some people asking about it, wanting to talk about it and showing concern about the general handling of dissenters.[+1 sentence] So, I do not think it is a case of "nobody" cared. Many of these lay observers, even those who were more establishment-leaning, did express their deepening discomfort with watching the establishment go for, what they perceived, as over-kill when it came to dealing with naysayers from the Opposition, from civil society and even from within the establishment’s own ranks.[+18 sentences] And now, these observers were not saying let us go soft on dissenters who are clearly professional agitators. But they were asking: how far do we really have to go to bring down people with political opinions that may be different from our own? What do we gain and what do we lose when we win the argument but display clear contempt of the other person? Must it always be a zero-sum game in dealing with dissenters or can we work towards a win-win? And these are not simply questions they are pinning onto political leadership alone but questions they are reflecting for themselves. Because many of them are leaders, too – from non-profits, corporations, public service. They do work that does require them to work with dissenting stakeholders. So, they are always looking for inspiration and role-modelling. One of Mdm President’s most memorable observations in her speech was about how the new leadership “will need to listen to the views and feelings of the people, and by their words and deeds, show that they have heard…And this is how they will earn the right to lead…In each generation, the people and leaders must work with one another…and forge their own bonds afresh”. The student’s letter shows us how a new generation of voters would like to work with the new generation of leaders who desire the right to lead them. They say, “We want you to trust that we do not disagree for dissent’s sake and that we can find unity even in the face of our differences with you…Disagreement is not weakness and your appointment is a chance for a new way for our differences to be received. We truly believe that it is only in facing our differences together openly, honestly and fearlessly that our discourse can be strengthened, outcomes can be sharpened and our relationship can be deepened.” I train people in how to build trust through conversations and we have a simple rule of thumb. In every argument, we really only have two end-games to play: you can either prioritise being right, or you can prioritise retaining the relationship and the results that come through that relationship. This applies as much to arguing with your family as much as it does to arguing with stakeholders. When you prioritise retaining relationship over being right, what you gain is new ground to work together towards doing what is right anyway, towards the results you care for. Together is the superior end-game. We can avoid unnecessarily adversarial relationships with our dissenters if we choose to be slow to speak and quick to listen for the truths our naysayers are offering. The purposeful inclusion of more thoughtful voices who are unafraid of challenging establishment views will make our system stronger. So, can I suggest that we intentionally seek out more non-establishment types to participate in our national level focus groups, committees, boards, Ministries and Parliament?[+18 sentences] If we want our system to be resilient, we need to boldly open up our echo chambers and learn to ask both friends and detractors, “Tell me what you know. Tell me what you don’t know. Then tell me what you think. And help me distinguish which is which.” And if we have power, let us be aware of its silencing effects on people so that we can learn to lay it down purposefully to help others feel they have permission and safety to share their truths. As the founding Minister S Rajaratnam once said, “Don’t tell me things you think I want to hear; tell me things I should hear even if they make me feel uncomfortable.” I will now move on to my second point on income inequality. Mdm President warned of dire consequences if we do not deal with it "vigorously". In their letter, the youths echoed: "We are very worried that social inequality is becoming an issue that is dividing Singaporeans faster than we can mitigate it." As we zero in on meeting the needs of children from lower income homes, I hope we do not neglect their parents' needs. We must not operate from a subconscious mindset of "save the children because the adults are a gone case". Because a child's well-being is tied to their parent's well-being. Children's needs are tied to parents' needs, children's problems are tied to parents' problems. And that is how family works. That is how country works. Everyone is linked up, for better or for worse, for richer or poorer. Parent and child are a package deal. If we want to help the child, we help the parent too. Their children would say the same thing, because that is what love says.[+1 sentence] We want to be in this together. So, as we provide education subsidies to support a child at school, let us simultaneously provide secure affordable housing to his unwed mother. Stable housing with longer term tenancies and less crowded rooming conditions through the child's crucial schooling years will give these kids a fighting chance with kids from the richer households.[+5 sentences] There should be no favouritism. The same dignities we accord to middle- or upper-income families should be accorded to the lower income. If we do not think it is culturally dignified or politically viable to tell two single, unrelated upper income individuals or a middle-income family of five to share one HDB room together, then let it be just as inappropriate to tell lower income people that they have to do so, and still achieve great outcomes. Inequality has to be approached on a whole-of-Government examination of policy. Because it is never just about income but power disparity as well. The power gap is entrenched in policies about housing, healthcare, education across Ministries, because policy is, after all, power frozen in place.[+6 sentences] For instance, when policy declares, you and the child that you gave birth to cannot be officially defined as a family nucleus even if logically that is what you are, you are frozen out of the system and quite powerless to access certain good choices. You depend on access through more powerful individuals like a Member of Parliament or social worker to advocate for you on a "case-by-case basis". How much better would it be to go for a policy change that can let power thaw, flow and refreeze into a new, hopefully more empowering place, one where the previously disempowered can now help themselves and independently access the options they need to move ahead in life. There, but for the grace of God, go we. Who is to say one day we, too, may not come into a similar station in life? Is it that unthinkable? Because if we lost it all and became the powerless ones, how would we want the system to work with us? I hope, some day, we can consider looking beyond just Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as an indicator of our success and implement a companion measure of holistic progress along.[+1 sentence] Income is a vital and necessary indicator of well-being but it is not all-sufficient nor is it conclusive. In 2012, economists Yeoh Lam Keong and Manu Bhaskaran talked about how GDP growth must not become the be-all and end-all for Singapore. They proposed alternative indicators, such as measuring income inequality, the proportion of citizens’ "out of pocket" healthcare expenses and the breadth of outreach of our public hospitals.[+21 sentences] There are, currently, a few alternative indicators out there in the world: Bhutan's Gross National Happiness, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Better Life Index. And if we think these indicators or others like Gini coefficient are flawed or not applicable to our Singapore context, then why not create one of our own? A uniquely Singapore system of meaningful measures for well-being would help the people and the Government better communicate where we are and where we want to go. We can raise our collective level of well-being if we knew which metrics mattered most. We manage what we measure. We chase what we measure. We get what we measure. What we do not measure will always be treated as something lesser. We can criticise Bhutan's Gross National Happiness index, but we cannot dismiss the effect it had in kickstarting the world's thinking for years about what it means for economies to work on the things that matter most to people. Canada's Well-being Index chooses to measure things like community vitality, culture and time use. But we can base our well-being index: on what we believe reflects our unique values: unity between different races and religions, democratic participation, justice, equality, happiness and, of course, economic prosperity and progress. The third and final question the youths had "What is Singapore to you?" is a provocative question to pose not just to leadership but to ourselves as an electorate. Who do we want Singapore to be? For our country is in our hands. The votes we cast, or do not cast. The positions we support, or do not support. The donations we give, or do not give. The risks we take, or do not take. The people that we serve, or do not serve. Singapore is as bold, and as kind, as inclusive, as original, and as vital as we make her to be. Our country is us, the sum total of all our choices. And that is the power of a people.[+1 sentence] The Prime Minister quoted Ecclesiastes yesterday. It made me consider, much as we love our Pioneers and admire the times our country came from, we cannot go back. For they say, “The past is like a foreign country: they do things differently there." Where it was their time to plant, perhaps now is our time to uproot.[+4 sentences] Where it was their time to tear down, perhaps now is our time to build up. Where it was their time to keep silent, perhaps now is our time to speak. There is a time for everything and a season for every one of us, under the heavens. This is our time. And we must make of it what we will. We are not Lee Kuan Yews, Goh Keng Swees or Rajaratnams.[+6 sentences] And we need not pretend to be. They were who they were and they were who they had to be. Those times and their times are past, but our time is now. We each must learn to be bold enough to live out who we are and dare to challenge who we could be. We need only be the best of ourselves, seizing the most of our times, steering our country our way. And if we are scared, then let the words of Mr Chiam See Tong, Singapore's longest-serving Opposition Member, give us courage. When people praised him for being brave in stepping up to serve despite being perceived as too ordinary, he said, "I am not actually a brave man, but I love Singapore and I love Singaporeans." So, let our love find the way forward out of here. I support the Motion and the future of our country.
[+2 sentences]. (proc text)] [(proc text) 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which she delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the Second Session of this Parliament.'." – (proc text)]
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Mr Seah Kian Peng.
Mr Seah Kian Peng (Marine Parade)1889 words
[+37 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, the call for bold ideas by the President has received widespread response. In a sense, this is not surprising – good ideas are the product of long reflection and examination, but they are also, sometimes, the result of an urgent felt need, some local knowledge from ground experience or even strong emotional response. As we have seen in the past few days, bold ideas are not in short supply. But sieving them through the good from the not so practical or reckless ones, the strong from the popular and perhaps, even more difficult: implementing these ideas, if not flawlessly, then at least successfully, is far more difficult. It is far easier to write a policy paper than to actually make the policy happen. I say this not to belittle the role of bold ideas but to argue their limitations. We ought not to let ideas be our masters but think more deeply about their weight and impact. That is, we should worry less about what we do than why we do them. Today, Mr Speaker, Sir, I argue one simple idea, which is to rethink the way we evaluate ideas. We need to rethink the role of the market and of economic reasoning. For a long time, the economic reasoning that our Government applied to public policies have stood us in good stead. Whether in healthcare, housing or the management of much of our social policy, such reasoning has allowed us to make good use of our resources. The magic words in any policy was whether it was "sustainable", that is, whether it would "pay for itself". A long-term reliance on Government funding is sometimes the kiss of death for a good idea. For, if the idea was good, surely, money can be found from the market. But economic reasoning is empty without a moral foundation. Such foundations cannot and do not exist without a conversation about values – not just what is cheap, but what is right; not just about generating income, but about giving meaning. For too long, we have made decisions based more on an economic compass, as if the use of $1 has the moral equivalence of the loss of another. Sir, it is time we recognised that money is merely a proxy for value and, at times, a very bad one. We need regulations on responsible use of funds, on fiscal prudence, good procurement but, equally, we ought to be having a conversation about reciprocity, trust and relationships. Teachers know this. They know the magic of little gestures of a sticker with a thumbs-up stuck on an untidy worksheet for encouragement for a little child who handed in his homework despite family difficulties; a treat of a small snack; a lift to school to a pupil who otherwise would not want to come. Teachers who have all these years paid for all forms of Children's Day treats and surprises for our children, all these things which cost them no small amount of money, and yet, whose value transcends price. Teachers who have bought their own red pens to mark the test papers of all our children, they do not think that "the Ministry of Education (MOE) does not pay for red pens". Let me use instead the whiteboard markers which they do pay for. They do not think "I should means-test the kids and give treats only to those who cannot afford it". It is laughable and an insult to think that they do this in exchange for free parking. So, of course, the withdrawal of free parking would not make teachers any less likely to do the many incredible, unpriced things they do. Rather, it is a reciprocity and a give and take which I feel we have lost by insisting on this strict calculus of benefits. Using a clean wage argument implies that all the years of free parking had tarred teachers with an "unclean" wage. Sir, I do not want to belabour parking any further. Teachers, I think, have accepted this and have moved on. But something still sits uncomfortably on this matter for me. And I want to address this squarely: not all Government policies have a complete recourse to dollars and cents. We need, within our current structures, to make more room from the lexicon of morality, duty, relationships and trust. This is not an appeal to populism. Rather, it is an appeal to the ideas of justice and community that have informed Singapore public policymaking at the start of our journey 53 years ago. The first practical implication of my idea: this reform must start at the Ministry of Finance (MOF), responsible for so many of our policy levers – a reform that requires an explicit recognition of the limits of price, cost and expenditure as a proxy for value, and to allow for greater use of discretion by public officers in recognising moral reasoning as a legitimate form of argumentation.[+6 sentences] Sir, I use the decision to charge parking to illustrate the kinds of conversations that we ought to be having. Thinking about the issue using a pure economic lens is, I argue, a mistake, as is the reduction of "clean wage" – surely a moral idea – to a mere tableau of taxable benefits. Without this lexicon, we will not be able to address the greatest problems that have arisen in our time. The current debate has framed it as a problem of inequality but that risks mere description without a thesis. We might better frame it as a problem of an overweening dominance of economic magical thinking, a problem which, again, could be addressed by recalibrating the balance between the economics and the morality of our public actions. Sir, many have spoken about the need for equality, but we have spoken mainly within the current framework of providing everyone with equal opportunities. While it is true that inequality is lower today than at the start of Singapore's journey, we also worry that the stratification today is higher than it was in the past, a point which Minister Ong Ye Kung highlighted in his speech on Wednesday. And so, our measures must be correspondingly more aggressive, and we must slant inequality the other way. John Rawls famously said that we must try our best to treat people as equally as possible and any inequality ought to be to the benefit of the least advantaged. But today, where inequality exists, we must go further. And in a country where socialism is not a dirty word but a founding philosophy, we must be prepared to do more for equality. So, I suggest that we must increasingly and continually treat people as unequally as practicable, so as to provide the largest advantages to the disadvantaged. We must make sure that a boy born to poor parents must have more from the state than one born from the rich.[+12 sentences] I have said before in this House that this compensates for such matters as luck in birth and circumstances and I still hold that view even more strongly today. In the past, it used to be that a degree was a tried and tested way to climb up the ladder. Today, more and more of us, Ministers included, have said that a degree is not the only way. In the United States (US), the higher education premium has not increased for the past 10 years. But here is the rub. When the premium on higher education falls, it is replaced by more varied paths, and decision-making always levies a higher cognitive tax on the poor. We must make sure that the transition to the new economic structure benefits the least advantaged in our society. At the same time, I know that we need to be sensitive to the accusations of unfairness, that it is unfair that the people who pay taxes get the least out of the system, that Singapore ought to be a country for all, rather than always take from one side and giving to the other. And yet this is the truth of a nation – those who have more bear a larger burden. It is how we tie to one another as Singaporeans, confident that whoever falls upon hard times, rich or poor, they will have a helping hand. This is our only safety net against fate and bad luck, whether in bad health or accidents. Incidentally, this also includes many external events outside our control. Economic storms can wipe out fortunes, making the rich today the destitute tomorrow. Hence, my second suggestion for reform – we need more aggressively progressive policies, to ask more from the rich, and lessen the burden on the poor.[+12 sentences] All in the recognition that in the veil of ignorance, luck and chance attend to all men and women, and all Singaporeans need to stick together through thick and thin. I do not mean this to say that we need a minimum wage, or universal welfare. Quite the opposite. We need a partnership of all Singaporeans, for a deeper engagement with Singaporeans with different needs, to negotiate paths through the complexity of our interests. Mr Speaker, the rebalancing of economic with moral reasoning also leads us to see the injustice that we continue to be complicit in, by using up environmental capital meant for future generations. Sir, you will see that Singapore is changing. Our temperatures are getting more extreme. And within the past few months alone, I think we have seen unusually cool and unusually warm days. This is a significant problem and not one that we can solve alone. But we can certainly make a start. For example, in changing the way we live, and spend resources, in making changes to our diet, for one, and our energy consumption for another. We need to make sure that the capital that we rely on today still remains for the needs of tomorrow. In this, we require both morality and economics to work together, for capital to power clean technology for the future, as well as a massive change in consumer behaviour today. So, my third and final idea for reform – let us start an environmental behavioural change that will tackle the largest environmental problems of our times. To lower our carbon emissions with our energy efficiency and allow Singapore to impact the world by making it bluer, greener and less polluted. This is an issue which remains under-invested today, especially in the social sciences, and I urge the Government to invest in a research fund on environmental behaviour and change.[+1 sentence] So, Mr Speaker, Sir, mine is a simple idea. We need to insert and steer our values into the national conversation about prosperity and growth. We need to balance the economic reasoning with moral reasoning.[+5 sentences] We need to make what is cheap, efficient and quick to what is fair, just and right. It may be that there is no one policy, no matter how bold, that will address the most pressing problems of our times. It may be that Singapore today is a problem for the foxes rather than hedgehogs, but we need first to recognise that foxes speak the multi-tonal language of values, rather than the universal language of money. We must, therefore, make language of morality our vernacular in policy matters. Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker5 words
[+1 sentence]Senior Parliamentary Secretary Sun Xueling.
The Senior Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for National Development (Ms Sun Xueling)1859 words
[+24 sentences]Mr Speaker, recently a resident came to see me at my Meet-the-People session describing his experience when he went to apply for a licence. He could not speak English, and apparently the staff at the counter did not understand him and told him to stand aside while they served others. Eventually, he said, they told him to leave. Over and over, the resident described to me his encounter. How he felt the counter staff looked down on him, how others in the queue became aware of his inability to speak English. I explained to my resident that I would write an appeal for him with regard to his licence application. But over and over, he continued to describe his encounter to me. He could not stop. Every look he thought he saw, every tone he heard, every slight he felt, his dignity, Mr Speaker, had been hurt. I thought back about the President's speech. We have programmes to build a fair and just society. I welcome and support these programmes. But to my resident whose dignity had been hurt, what is a fair and just society? We are all born with a sense of dignity. Some describe dignity as a sense of being valued, a feeling of being respected, a sensation of esteem of self-worth. It is tied to our self-identity, to the things that matter to us, and it is reinforced daily on how others react to us. When our dignity is maintained and our self-worth reinforced through words or deeds, we are at peace with ourselves and with society. When our dignity is threatened and our self-worth questioned, we may react in anger against those who look down on us. We may also become depressed, or demotivated. I would say, that how we recognise one another's needs for dignity and protect it, has implications for how fair and just our society is perceived to be and for social harmony. To achieve a sense of fairness and justness, Government policies which preserve meritocracy, equality and promote self-help are important. To a large extent, our Government policies strive to create equality in our society by making sure that all citizens have access to education, medical care, basic home ownership and jobs. This allows everyone to have the basics to live a life with dignity. And even for those who drop out or have fallen behind, there are Government schemes to provide them an opportunity to get back on again. For instance, we have the Fresh Start Housing Scheme which aims to help second-timer families with children and who live in public rental flats own a flat again.[+7 sentences] And should new gaps appear in society, Government policies will be looked at again to deal with new issues and new inequalities which may come about. But apart from good policies which strive to create equality, we should also be mindful of the processes and social interactions which can affect an individual's sense of dignity. For example, when the vulnerable and the needy go to Government agencies for help, are our processes sensitive to their needs? Do we make them feel that they are valued citizens, albeit they need help at this juncture? Are we mindful of the constraints that they face? I believe that every time a citizen comes forward to seek help, it is a moment in his life where we could help effect change. A moment where we could try to right life's inequalities, a moment where we could make an individual feel that he is respected and valued, regardless of his station in life. These are moments where we can uplift our citizens and show that we are a caring society. I subsequently met the same resident I mentioned earlier a month later at a block visit. He shared with me happily that his licence application had been approved.[+1 sentence] I may never know the exact details of his original encounter. Nevertheless, it seemed to me to be quite a straightforward application. So, the unhappy incident could have been due to a breakdown in communication arising from language difficulties.[+3 sentences] This episode taught me that in our interactions with our fellow men, we need to put ourselves in their shoes, speak the language they speak, consider the options put to them to their world view. Sometimes, it is not so much what we do, but how we do it that matters. But creating an environment where people feel that they are respected and their sense of dignity is upheld, is not just the role of the Government. The Prime Minister, in his speech on Wednesday, spoke about social cues and social markers.[+16 sentences] That they become ways to pigeonhole or exclude others knowingly or unknowingly. This is where each of us can play a role, that we not become a perpetrator of such social markers. Instead, we should treat those around us, our fellow men, with mutual respect and compassion. It is only when mutual respect becomes part of our bigger culture that we can be assured that every citizen feels valued and respected just being part of our society. For instance, in our everyday interactions when we come across a service staff, a cleaner, a waiter, do we acknowledge their presence, smile at them and thank them for their work? When we walk into a shop, are we considerate to the shop assistants? This goes beyond superficial manners. It is genuine respect for someone else's work and consideration for someone else's dignity. And to our young, do we show them through our words and our actions that we value them regardless of what school they go to, how well they do in school and that we respect them as multi-dimensional individuals with various different potentials? When we have compassion and mutual respect for our fellow men and we demonstrate it through our words and our deeds, we uphold their dignity and we make a statement about what we hold dear in our society, that regardless of what life has in store for individuals and its infinitely varied and unequal economic outcomes, everyone has a place in Singapore society. No one is any less equal. When we respect one another and treat one another with civility and dignity, this mutuality of respect becomes a powerful anchoring force, providing assurance to every individual that he is loved and accepted. This brings people close together because they know that they are accepted, come what may. And this is the antithesis to social markers which serve to divide and to differentiate. Mr Speaker, there are uncertain times ahead with global trade being threatened and our economy undergoing economic restructuring. There will be new winners and new losers in a new paradigm. Inequality can become a serious issue, and social stratification can break the social compact in Singapore.[+16 sentences] Amidst this tidal wave of change, individuals will be seeking new anchors to preserve their world view and their sense of self-worth as jobs are disrupted and skills have to be relearnt. How we manage this transition together and how we help others around us will be a true mark of our compassion for our fellow men and our resilience as a nation. Mr Speaker, in Mandarin please. (In Mandarin): : Mr Speaker, recently at my Meet-the-People session, a resident, Mr Wong, came to see me. He said he had an unhappy experience not too long ago when applying for a certain licence. He said that because he could not speak English, the staff at the counter could not understand him and asked him to stand aside. The staff then started to serve other residents and later tried to talk him into leaving. Mr Wong recounted his encounter over and over and could not get over it. He felt that the staff looked down on him. He also felt that people around him also started to look down on him after knowing that he could not speak English. He felt that he has lost face. Although I could not verify what exactly was the attitude of the staff at that time, according to Mr Wong, the expression and the look of the people around him have hurt his dignity. Mr Speaker, what is dignity? Some say dignity is a sense of being respected and valued. It is the indication of self-esteem and self-worthiness. In this society, only when the dignity of each person is protected can people feel a sense of belonging and the whole society be cohesive. For over 50 years after Independence, there are many welcome policies that look after the dignity of our residents, for example, the housing, MediSave and Baby Bonus policies.[+1 sentence] At the juncture of this new era, it is even more important to protect the dignity of individuals. Currently, Singapore is facing the potential threat of global trade wars and the challenge of economic restructuring.[+9 sentences] Amidst this tidal wave of change, many professions will be disrupted and new winners and losers will emerge. At this time, Singaporeans will need psychological and spiritual anchors. When faced with failure and humiliation, can we still maintain an optimistic and a positive mindset? Can we still maintain our confidence and courage? I think this will require our society to be more inclusive. In the past few days, Ministers and Members of Parliament talked about social inequality. To solve the issue of inequality, for sure, Government policies will play a role. However, we also need to realise that inequality is usually a perception. Even if we have the right policy, if we do not respect one another, people will not feel real equality. Coming back to the story of Mr Wong, I learned that his application was approved within a short period of time.[+1 sentence] In fact, his application was a rather simple process. The unhappiness before was likely a result of miscommunication.[+8 sentences] Sometimes, certain words we utter and certain body language could affect others profoundly. He may feel that his dignity is hurt and the society is unfair to him. When communicating and interacting with residents, if we could pay attention to details and be sensitive to one another's needs, unnecessary misunderstandings could be avoided. Each time we meet a resident, it provides us a valuable opportunity to help him, an opportunity to correct his perception of imbalances in life, and even an opportunity to change his life. Hence, we should treasure each opportunity when we meet the residents and make an effort to attend to the details, so that they truly feel that Singapore is a country with a human touch. Meanwhile, if each of us, regardless of race, religion and language, can have enough cultural confidence and leave some space for one another, then we will be able to feel that this is an equal and inclusive society. Mr Speaker, for every resident in difficulty, I would like to say to him that "Perhaps, I am not able to really feel the pain you are going through, perhaps I cannot fully understand the choices you have made, but I respect you always. Let me hear you, let me help you, let us work together and move forward hand in hand".
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Ms Joan Pereira.
Ms Joan Pereira (Tanjong Pagar)1507 words
[+14 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise to thank the President for her speech which outlined the direction that the 4G leaders would be taking our country. My speech will focus on forging a strong national identity through four key areas. First, virtual world to real world; second, volunteerism/community involvement; third, sense of belonging; fourth, foreign policy. We are today moving into an era where many things we see and do are unthinkable just a decade ago. We are in the age of disruptive technology. People can sit at home and let their fingers do the walking and talking. It can create social isolation. But we can turn these technological tools to our advantage. We often talk about the disappearing kampung spirit. In fact, this kampung spirit has moved to the virtual world. They take a different form, that is all. There are so many kampungs in our Whatsapp and Facebook chat groups. Some chats have groups with as many as 50 to 60 people, or as few as 10 or less. These private app chats are today’s mini kampungs where people communicate, share opinions, comments, news, videos and so on. Data from Statista, the Statistics Portal, showed, as of the third quarter of 2017, the most popular social network was WhatsApp with a 73% penetration rate. In 2016, Singapore had 3.3 million social network users. This figure is projected to grow to 3.6 million social media users in 2021.[+17 sentences] So, I would call this the era of GenApps, a time when what is unthinkable today can be tomorrow’s reality. But to forge a strong Singapore identity, groups in the virtual world should move to the real world. To all chat groups, I make this call to not just stay in the virtual world. Please come forward and join our community when we celebrate our National Day and other festive celebrations. At such events and at subsequent events, we meet one another, get to know one another better, share our common interests and forge deep bonds. Because of this relationship, we share joys and, should a crisis arise, you and I, our actions and reactions, our response to the call for help, would be more robust. This is the Singapore Spirit. My second point. Another platform that we can promote and forge a common identity is through volunteerism. I urge everyone, whether you are in school, a youth, a working adult or a retiree, we can all make our contributions. There is a role for everyone. The energy and the commitment you bring will no doubt improve many lives. We derive deep satisfaction through meaningful interactions, build up our circle of friends, join in the various activities and build up a sense of belonging to the community. People who volunteer together, play together and participate in activities together will build interpersonal relationships, trust and attachment to one another. Our Government has done much to invest in the physical infrastructure for our community. As a community, we can do even more to benefit our people in building and strengthening heartware. We can provide the emotional support to bring our people together. In my Henderson Dawson division, I have a regular coordinating meeting with all the Government agencies, community partners, business groups and volunteer groups where we share information about who, what and how we are helping residents in need.[+19 sentences] This helps us to address gaps, duplication, so that limited resources can be spread to more beneficiaries and holistic help can be provided and urgent cases attended to quickly. Thus, instead of each organisation working in silos, we work together. Instead of solely depending on the Government to help, the community is involved. In addition, we provide a platform for our beneficiaries to volunteer, as this gives them a sense of pride and dignity where they are also contributing to the community. Third point. Speaking of pride and dignity, the Government can do well to offer our seniors career opportunities, especially the female workforce. It is an area where we can tap on our readily available workforce. There is a growing pool of retirees whom we should look to rely on as a good source to meet our skilled manpower needs. Many of our retirees are healthy, well-educated, well-informed and with good work ethos. Can they not have a second career opportunity to pursue their dreams? I had shared this anecdote in the Budget Debate. But a good story is one that deserves to be retold. One of my residents, Mdm Maureen Tan, aged 69, living in Strathmore Avenue used to work as a personal assistant in a bank. At the same time, she had always cared for her grandchildren and even helped to babysit her neighbours’ children whenever she had the time. After her retirement, she became a full-time caregiver to her two grandchildren. Her neighbours knew she doted on children and would occasionally ask her to babysit for them when they had errands to run. Last year, Maureen approached the Henderson Dawson PAP Community Foundation (PCF) Sparkletots Childcare Centre and volunteered her services. As the teachers saw she had so much love for the children, the centre offered her a job. She now interacts with the children, keeps them comfortable and showers them with all her tender love and care. Maureen has been working in the Henderson Dawson PCF Centre since February 2017 and enjoying every day of it.[+8 sentences] At 69, she is healthy, experienced and very committed. She sees her work with PCF as a second career. She will be very happy if she can be offered a career path, so that she can develop herself. I believe the Government can offer retirees like Mdm Maureen Tan a second career and develop a career path for them. In doing so, we give our seniors a sense of belonging and participation in the new chapters of the Singapore story. Fourth point: foreign policy. Another area where we can strengthen our identity is to help educate our people on the many things that our leaders are doing in the field of foreign policy. We need to explain in simple terms the areas that our Government is doing in foreign affairs which are often not understood by the man-in-the-street. For example, how decisions at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summits impact our lives or, how our participation in international treaties and agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, impacts on our lives; how important it is to be chosen as host to the Trump-Kim Jong-un Summit.[+2 sentences] The current Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) website offers information but on very few subjects and it is more event-based. The ASEAN page gives some exposure to the grouping, but it is still very limited to the history and the deliberations and events. In this information age, I would like to propose to MFA to set up a portal and provide bite-size information on our foreign policies where our people can look up on the Government's stand and understand why certain decisions are made and why certain comments are made. This can deepen our understanding of our foreign policies, and our man-in-the-street can be our ambassadors of our foreign policies, too.[+10 sentences] This, I feel, can help our people forge an even stronger Singaporean identity. Sir, in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): : Mr Speaker, another area where we can strengthen our identity is to help educate our people on the many things that our leaders are doing in the field of foreign policy. We need to explain in simple terms the areas that our Government is doing in foreign affairs which are often not understood by the man-in-the-street. For example, how decisions at ASEAN summits impact our lives. Or how our participation in international treaties and agreements, such as FTAs or the Paris Agreement on Climate Change impacts on our lives. How important is it to be chosen as host to the Trump-Kim Jong-un Summit? In this information age, I would like to propose to MFA to set up a portal and provide bite-size information on our foreign policies where our people can look up on our stand and understand why certain decisions are made and why certain comments are made. This can deepen our understanding of our foreign policies and our man-in-the-street can be ambassadors of our foreign policies, too. This, I feel, can help our people forge an even stronger Singaporean identity. (In English) Mr Speaker, Sir, our fourth generation (4G) leaders are very well-versed on the powers of effective and timely communication in this information age. However, the need to garner the views of non-government organisations (NGOs), voluntary welfare organisations (VWOs) and volunteer groups in the community is very important. This is so that everyone has a sense of participation and involvement in all that we are doing. It also helps in getting the buy-in from the ground.[+2 sentences] I look forward to our new leaders working with all Singaporeans to take us to the next level. Sir, I support the Motion.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Minister Indranee Rajah.
The Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, Second Minister for Education, Finance and Law (Ms Indranee Rajah)4411 words
[+21 sentences]Mr Speaker, today, I wish to speak about what it means to be Singaporean. Every once in a while, the topic of the Singapore Identity comes up. Often, it is couched as a question: do we have a defining identity in view of our relatively short history? At other times, it is an expression of angst. We point to kiasuism, competitiveness and stress, and we ask ourselves are these all there is to us? We are known to be pragmatic, logical and rational but this also prompts us to wonder: “Are we all head and no heart?” When I came to the Chamber just now, I found on my seat a brown envelope from Ms Kuik Shiao-Yin. She had inserted inside a copy of the letter from the National University of Singapore (NUS) students of Tembusu College to the fourth Prime Minister of Singapore that was widely publicised. In that letter, the students expressed their concerns, their hopes, their fears, many of those related to the Singapore Identity. The question of the Singapore Identity is particularly pertinent as we enter a new phase of the Singapore Story. A new global situation is emerging. Politically, we see the rise of China, the introspection of America, new tensions in the Middle East, Britain’s exit from the European Union, and, closer to home, a new situation in Malaysia. The global economic centre of gravity is shifting to Asia. Technology is penetrating lives and changing lifestyles, disrupting old jobs and creating new ones. It is triggering innovation and posing fresh conundrums. Socially, we and the rest of the world are grappling with income inequality, social stratification and the dangers of polarisation. Our population is ageing; new births are not replacing the ones who pass on; and amidst all these, the ever-present shadow of terrorism. Against this backdrop, the following questions arise: do we, this generation of Singaporeans, have what it takes to deal with these challenges and come out ahead? In this time of change, what anchors us? Who are we and what do we stand for? What kind of future do we want to make for ourselves? These questions go to the very heart of our identity. We do have a unique identity and defining characteristics. We sometimes forget, but our history is not short.[+2 sentences] We achieved Independence in 1965. Raffles founded modern Singapore in 1819. But our story actually stretches far back to 1299, to the first founding by Sang Nila Utama. It is a 700-year journey through time and space that has made us the people that we are and given us the attributes that are now part of our uniquely Singaporean DNA.[+25 sentences] From the 14th century, Singapura emerged as a thriving emporium built on regional trade. Open trade and commerce have always been in our lifeblood. That remains true today. Singapore declined in the early 1700s due to the rise and relocation of other economic centres in the region. That is an early lesson on what happens when you are overtaken by competition. You lose your relevance and slide into obscurity. The founding by Raffles in 1819 gave us a new lease of life. The bold move to make Singapore a free port and an open centre of free trade not only re-established our economic importance, but it took us beyond the region, plugging us into global trade for the very first time. This global connection has carried on to the present day and continues to shape our economic outlook. It also led to the coming of many peoples and the establishment of many cultures – the beginnings of our multiculturalism. Over the next 150 years, sojourners became settlers. People sank roots. We were not yet one people; not yet a nation. But from a harbour, Singapore was becoming home. As a colony, Singapore grew in economic and strategic importance. But in the 1940s, the winds of war swept the world and we were not spared. The year 1941 saw the fall of Singapore, an ignominious blow to the invincibility of the British Empire. It shattered forever the idea of the inevitability of colonial rule. The Japanese Occupation was a period of subjugation and suffering, sacrifice and bloodshed, experienced directly by our parents and grandparents. That is why, even to this day, the word "Syonan" evokes strong reactions. With the end of WWII, came a global tide of anti-colonialism and the rise of nation states. Our response? The upswell of a strong nationalist spirit, and a fierce desire for the right to determine our own future. Next came the turbulent years of internal self-government, merger, Separation and, finally, Independence. In just 24 years, we made the tumultuous transition from subjugation to sovereignty. Our hopes and dreams for the future were captured in the Proclamation of Independence, which said: "...Singapore shall be forever a sovereign democratic and independent nation, founded upon the principles of liberty and justice and ever seeking the welfare and happiness of her people in a more just and equal society.” That was the day we became One People.[+2 sentences] A Nation. Sovereign. You could say that that was also the day that a nascent Singapore Identity emerged, shaped by the events of the preceding centuries, and to be further forged and honed in the next 50 years, as we made the journey from Third World to First.[+9 sentences] Who then are we, the people who have made this journey? Well, we are a people with a strong sense of self-determination. Our history has made us so. We have a deep and abiding belief that our future should be charted, not by others, but by ourselves, and on our own terms. Our Independence was hard won. We will preserve and protect that inalienable right. This is why the President’s Address makes securing Singapore’s place in the world one of our priorities. This is also why we do not allow external interference with our politics. As a small country, we are often subject to external pressures. Countries larger and more powerful than us may, from time to time, try to dictate what we should do. However, we will act only in accordance with the best interests of Singapore.[+3 sentences] This takes courage, deftness and a healthy sense of realism. These, too, are our attributes. We wish to be friends with all. But we will defend ourselves if the need arises. We advance and defend our right to self-determination through diplomacy and deterrence. That is why we act on principle and support a rules-based international order, where states must act in accordance with agreed rules and not purely on the basis of might or size. And that is why we have the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), and that is why we support National Service (NS).[+12 sentences] Long before multiculturalism became a buzzword, we made it part of our identity as a nation. The power of Mr Lee Kuan Yew's words in 1965 still resonates today, when he said: "We are going to have a multiracial nation in Singapore. We will set the example. This is not a Malay nation; this is not a Chinese nation; this is not an Indian nation. Everybody will have his place: equal; language, culture, religion." To be Singaporean is to accept that all can practise their faiths, as long as you do not do harm to others. To be Singaporean is to be able to have your own distinct racial identity while, at the same time, being part of a larger Singaporean family, and sharing a broader national identity with many other races. To be Singaporean is to be able to appreciate and celebrate other cultures, while retaining your own. To be Singaporean is also to be part of a uniquely Singaporean culture: Singlish, eating at hawker centres, the concept of "choping", especially with a packet of tissue paper, our habit of calling everyone Auntie or Uncle, whether or not they are related to us; our preferred dress style – casual wear and slippers. And when you say "fun shot", every Singaporean immediately knows they must put their thumbs up! These are things which cut across all ethnicities. At the core of our Singaporean identity is our values. More than anything else, it is our values that define us: family, kindness, inclusiveness; honesty, integrity and anti-corruption; meritocracy and the aspiration for equality; justice, fairness and rule of law.[+44 sentences] Because of our values, our hallmark is trust. People know they can trust us. In global and regional trade, many accord a premium to dealing with Singaporean businesses. Multinational corporations (MNCs) set up shop here and investors invest because they know we can be trusted. As a country and as a people, our brand is trustworthiness, reliability. We are a committed people. When we say we will do something, we will. Our biggest commitment is closely interwoven with our identity. That is to be found in the pledge. What is the pledge but a commitment, by every Singaporean to one another, to build a better life together? In the pledge: we affirm our unity; we define the kind of society we want to build together – democratic, based on justice and equality; we set out our goals – happiness, prosperity and progress for everyone. This is instilled in every Singaporean schoolchild, every adult. Anyone who becomes a citizen must take that pledge as one of the first acts of citizenship and understand, through the pledge, what it means to be Singaporean. The pursuit of excellence is also part of our identity. This is a function of our size and lack of natural resources. If we want anyone to pay attention to us, if we want to have a place at the international table, if we are to secure our position in the world, then we have to be better than merely good. We have to be exceptional. And through our combined efforts as a people, we are. We are a tiny island of 719 square kilometres. We have a population of 5.5 million, of which 3.4 million are citizens. There are 193 member states in the United Nations. Almost all of them are bigger, more populous and far more generously endowed with natural resources than we are. Yet, we make our mark internationally. Hub status. Singapore is the world’s busiest transshipment hub. In 2016, PSA Singapore was ranked Best Container Terminal Asia. Changi Airport, in 2018, it was voted the World’s Best Airport for the sixth consecutive year. Singapore Airlines (SIA) is the No 1 airline in the world. Singapore is the third most preferred seat of arbitration globally. Singapore is the fourth top financial centre in the world. In global mobility, the Singapore passport is the most powerful in the world in terms of global mobility. Our water story has been an amazing one. We have taken the little we have and made it robust and sustainable. Singapore is a world leader in water recycling. In the 2017 benchmarking exercise by the European Benchmarking Co-operation Foundation, the Public Utilities Board (PUB) was ranked in the top 10% of water utilities benchmarked for (a) compliance with applicable standards for drinking water tests, and (b) wastewater treatment plant compliance with discharge standards. We have one of the lowest unaccounted-for-water (UFW) rates in the world. PUB received the Stockholm Industry Water Award in 2007 and was named Water Agency of the Year in 2006 for being an exemplary model of integrated water management. Music, Art and Sport. Over the years, Singapore has had many child prodigies in music. The most recent is 11-year-old violinist Chloe Chua, who won first prize in the junior division of the Menuhin Competition, the Olympics of violin. Our designers are dressing Hollywood stars – Dzojchen’s suits are worn by Robert Downey Jr, Chadwick Boseman and Nick Jonas. So, when Ironman is not in his iron armour, he is in a Singapore suit! Heliopolis Accessories’ clutch bags have been worn by Emma Roberts and Janelle Monáe. Our sportsmen and women have done us proud. Joseph Schooling won our first Olympic gold medal. Yip Pin Xiu and Theresa Goh – gold and bronze medals at the 2016 Paralympics.[+44 sentences] Jason Chee, table tennis gold at the ASEAN Paralympic Games. And we have scaled Everest – Dr Kumaran Rasappan and also Nur Yusina Ya’akob, the first Malay/Muslim woman from Singapore, to reach the world’s highest peak. And we are not doing too badly in the fun stakes. Zouk is among the top clubs in the world. And The Manhattan Bar at the Regent Hotel is Asia’s No 1 for the second year running, not bad for a small little red dot that you can barely find on any world map. And this is not even the full list of our achievements. There are more which I will mention later. Some of you may have felt slightly uncomfortable during my recitation of this long list of achievements. If so, you are displaying another very Singaporean trait, which is modesty. We are not given to blowing our own trumpet or puffing ourselves up. If anything, we are embarrassed by praise and accolades. We tend to duck our heads and mumble something about just doing our duty. But this is not about chest thumping or bragging. This is about understanding the significance of what I have just listed. Those things could not have been achieved by any single person, organisation or the Government acting alone. Those were achieved by the collective effort of Singaporeans, each contributing in different ways. To have been able to achieve all those things despite the odds, despite our size, despite our lack of resources, tells you something about us. It tells you, we are determined. It tells you, we are resilient. We do not give up, not even when faced by seemingly insurmountable obstacles. We will turn a weakness into strength. It tells you that we are resourceful and entrepreneurial. We are the kind of people who will create something out of nothing, based just on the power of an idea. It tells you we are innovative, able to adapt, to break new ground. If there is a worthy challenge, we will rise to the occasion and meet it. We were once told that we were just a little red dot, a remark that was meant to put us in our place and remind us how small we are. Instead, we took that label and we turned it into a badge of pride and a mark of excellence. But being Singaporean is not just about achievements. Our achievements are the manifestation of something much deeper and more fundamental – care. Above all, to be Singaporean is to care. To be Singaporean is to care about family, about others, about country. In this debate, much has been said about social mobility, inequality and the lack of social mixing. These are real concerns. However, in the context of identity, the real point to note is not that this is becoming a problem. We know that it is a problem. The real point to note is that we care that it is becoming a problem and we are determined to do something about it. That is the essence of being Singaporean. We care enough to want to do something. If we see something wrong, our first instinct is to help, to fix it, to improve the situation. Take education. We care about our people. We care about our children and their future. We want every child to fulfil his or her fullest potential, to give every child the opportunity to succeed, irrespective of starting point. And that is the reason why we put so much emphasis on education. Our 15-year-olds are No 1 in the world for Mathematics, Science and reading in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015, an international benchmarking test dubbed the World Cup for Education.[+2 sentences] Our students are also the world’s No 1 for problem solving through teamwork. That is PISA 2015’s Study on Collaborative Problem Solving. Likewise, our Primary 4 and Secondary 2 students are the world’s No 1 in Mathematics and Science.[+2 sentences] And this includes progress made by academically weaker students. That is from Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2015. Our Primary 4 students are No 2 in the world for Reading.[+19 sentences] Again, I cite this data not for the sake of trumpet blowing, but to ask people to look at the story that this data tells you. The data tells the story of how, over the years, our educators have built an exceptional education system where our students outperform their peers internationally. This was and continues to be driven not by a desire to top the rankings but by the desire to ensure that our children succeed, and to give them the best chance to navigate the future and to help them be the best that they can be. In this regard, I was struck by what the former Director-General of Education Ms Ho Peng said in her speech at the Appreciation Dinner upon her retirement. She said: "We never went out to be a world-class education system but, through good thinking, planning and sheer hard work, we woke up one day to the realisation that we were regarded as world-class. The idea took some getting used to – and I hope never. Because education is such a complex business, it is, after all, to mould the future of our nation, that we must never be complacent, to always keep on our toes, to be forward-looking and yet, remain connected with the ground, the voices of students, teachers, school leaders, parents and the community." That is how our educators see their mission. Yes, there is anxiety about stress and competitiveness. There is also a need to shift the focus from an over-emphasis on academics to embrace a broader skills approach. We have been working on that. We have made several moves in the last few years, and we will do more. But this, too, is an example of our Singaporeanness; we are never content to rest on our laurels. We will continually try to do better. We care about adults, too. We worry for those who may lose their jobs to technology. We want our people to be fully employed. We want them to be able to cope with change so that they can secure their livelihoods, and care is the driving impetus behind SkillsFuture and Adapt and Grow. We care about whether our people have jobs. We know and we understand the concerns about cost of living. However, we recognise that the best way to address this is by generating economic activity with real wage increases and real productivity so that our people can earn more in real terms.[+1 sentence] So, that is where we direct our efforts. Singapore is the top investment destination in Asia and second in the world. We are the second most competitive economy in the world.[+15 sentences] Second among 190 economies for ease of doing business. We are top in Asia for best protection of intellectual property (IP). We are top in Asia for innovation. Again, what story do these survey results tell? It is certainly not about growth for growth’s sake. What that data reflects is the enormous continuing effort that goes into trying to keep Singapore the best place to do business so that foreign investments will flow in, so that companies are anchored here, to make us a global exchange for goods and services. Why? For one purpose: to generate opportunities and jobs for our people so that we can make a better living. Health. We care about our people's health. We are first in the world for life expectancy at birth, both sexes; first in the world for health-related sustainable development; second in the world for healthcare efficiency; and healthiest country in Asia and fourth in the world. I am not sure how many other countries’ prime ministers tell you to eat brown rice! Again, this data speaks of our concern that our people should lead long and healthy lives. It is testament to the work that goes in to ensure that we are healthy and that, if for any reason we fall ill, Singaporeans can get the best possible healthcare. Housing. We care that our people have good homes, to have a place where they can bring up their families. We have 90.7% home ownership, of which, 80% is public housing.[+6 sentences] The home ownership rate among resident households for Housing and Development Board flats is 92.1%. In the last decade, we have expanded our social networks, increased social programmes and increased social expenditure. That includes the Pioneer Generation Package, the Community Health Assist Scheme (CHAS), Silver Support, ComCare, MediShield Life, to name just a few – again, because we care. Singaporeans are a caring people. We have big hearts. This can be seen in many ways, for example, our response to the tsunami in 2004 and the Nepal earthquake in 2015. Our volunteerism rate has grown over the years from one in 10 individuals (9%) volunteering in 2000 to one in three (35%) volunteering in 2016.[+48 sentences] Total volunteer hours have almost doubled from 66 million hours in 2014 to 121 million hours in 2016. But our other Singaporean trait is that we are also pragmatic. It is not enough to simply care. Empathy without outcomes achieves little. Care has to be deliverable and sustainable, both operationally and financially. And that is the other part of our identity, too, that is, making sure that things actually get done. We work hard to translate care into reality. And that is why the Singapore Tourism Board tagline is "Passion made Possible", accompanied by the trust mark. For us, it is not enough to get things done just for today. We are also a people who think about tomorrow, about the future of our children and the future of Singapore, our country. The Committee on the Future Economy and its work is about the future, as, indeed, is this debate. Our preoccupation with the future is driven by our sense of duty and stewardship, that we must not only tend to our own generation but plant seeds that will bear fruit for the next. We are green, we care about our environment and we love nature. Long before the green movement, we had annual tree planting. From a Garden City, we have moved to being a City in a Garden. Our Botanical Gardens is a World Heritage Site. We have Gardens by the Bay, the upcoming Rainforest Park at Mandai. We are a Permanent Observer of the Artic Council. And we have designated this year as the Year of Climate Action. We love animals. It is not only dogs and cats. Just look at our response to the animals which share our urban home – otters, owls, woodpeckers. Campus Creatures is a popular Facebook page on animals seen around our schools, junior colleges, polytechnics and universities. Animal rescue and shelters are gaining more prominence. We are foodies. We love, love, love our food! Before we have finished one meal, we are discussing the next! We have our traditional hawker food, but young Singaporeans are coming up with creative new concepts. There is Baomakers by Pang Su Yi. That is traditional kong bak bao, but with innovative new fillings of salted egg yolk, chicken and prawn, chilli crab, crispy chicken with Japanese tartar sauce. Windowsill Pies, set up by brothers Jonathan and Sean Gwee – yummalicious sweet pies. There is the Hainanese chicken rice and laksa potato chips by F.EAST, a Singapore husband and wife team – Lee Yue Jer and Kee Vern Cheng. And salted egg yolk fishskin and chips from Golden Duck by Singaporean duo Jonathan Shen and Christopher Hwang. In fact, we have taken to putting salted egg yolk on just about everything! It is fast becoming part of the Singapore food scene. And, for those who have not tried the Golden Duck’s fishskin and chips, I have arranged for Parliament to put some packets in the Members’ Room during the break. Then, we have a uniquely Singaporean sense of humour. Think Phua Chu Kang, the Noose and, more currently, the Ryan Sylvia YouTube Channel. We are by no means perfect. We are champion complainers, although Ministers from other countries have assured me that we do not have a monopoly on this! We can sometimes be inconsiderate and selfish. And yes, we are kiasu; we are impatient. But overall, our positive attributes far outweigh our negative ones. We value every individual. But what makes us truly unique is our strong sense of unity. Singapore is exceptional not because everyone is a superstar. If you ask Singaporeans, many will say they are just ordinary people doing ordinary things. But we are exceptional – and we have achieved extraordinary things – because of our unity, the way in which we pull together. Members will recall Our Singapore Conversation, which distilled the five things that mattered most to Singaporeans.[+2 sentences] One of these was “Kampung Spirit”. Why is that so important? It is because what keeps us going, what makes us able to take on all the challenges that we face – and there are many – is the knowledge that we are there for one another, supporting one another, leaving no one behind.[+2 sentences] The Singapore Story is still being written. It must be written by all Singaporeans. But let me make a special call out to the young who are just starting out.[+12 sentences] You must help to write the next chapter. Earlier generations have done much. Now, it is your turn. You have the qualities, the values and the opportunity to do so. To the students of Tembusu College, not all the answers are clear right now because the story is being written. But you will be part of that story and you will write that story, together with the 4G leadership and with your fellow Singaporeans. No matter what our background, each of us has a role to play. Each has something to contribute to make Singapore a better place. As in an orchestra, each instrument, taken alone, may not sound very musical. But, together, they produce a soaring symphony. Together, we are exceptional. Together, we have achieved what we have. Together, we have beaten seemingly impossible odds time and time again. Together, then, is how we must tackle the future. And we will succeed because of who and what we are –Singaporean.[+1 sentence] Thank you, Mr Speaker.
Mr Speaker29 words
[+1 sentence]I believe all Members are getting hungry. So, you would be glad to know I will be making some adjustments.[+1 sentence] Ms Rahayu Mahzam stands between us and tea break.
Ms Rahayu Mahzam (Jurong)1262 words
[+19 sentences]Thank you, Speaker, for the challenge, and apologies to the House. Mr Speaker, Sir, allow me to begin my speech in Malay. (In Malay): : This year, President Halimah Yacob delivered her maiden President’s Address. For me, it was a proud moment and a source of inspiration. Seeing a Malay lady as the President delivering an address charting the direction of our country, made me really think about progress in Singapore. In Singapore, a woman can occupy the highest position in society. In Singapore, a minority race can have the same status as the other races. In Singapore, if we are willing to work hard, there are pathways and opportunities to keep progressing. I admit, and I am aware, that not everyone has the same situation in life. For instance, a particular family’s financial situation and the lack of social networks and social capital, can definitely impact one’s direction in life. Those who come from low-income families generally need to work harder compared to those who come from wealthy families. This turns the pursuit of progress into an unfair competition. This year’s President's Address has certainly outlined inequality as an issue that we must overcome. I am heartened to see the Government giving due attention to this issue and making it a national priority. I recall when I was a student, and when there was an opportunity to take part in a study visit overseas, I did not even think about participating because I knew the cost was high and my parents could not afford it. Overseas programmes are not necessarily a priority, but such activities, which are done outside the classroom, are opportunities to gain new experiences and knowledge. Each student should be able to grab any opportunity in the course of his or her education, regardless of background. Life is different now. Many parents may be able to afford to provide more for their children. However, we must make sure that no one is left behind. Now, there is an Opportunity Fund, a fund that can be used for beneficial co-curricular activities to further develop students from low-income families. I hope that the administration of this fund can be enhanced to ensure that students are aware of the various opportunities that are available and that more students can benefit from this fund. We also have the KidSTART programme, which is a pilot programme that aims to provide comprehensive support to low-income families. It is hoped that this will increase the potential of children from such families, and these children will have the same opportunities as children from other families.[+1 sentence] I truly welcome this effort. However, I hope that this programme can be developed even more quickly so that it can benefit more families.[+13 sentences] I would like to also suggest that the Ministry look at how this programme can be right-scaled so that certain aspects can be replicated and applied to children from middle-income families. The reason is that although parents from this group may be able to afford certain things for their children, the cost of living may affect their ability to provide additional things. It will be good if support can also be rendered to these families. The Government may be able to implement certain policies and programmes but, in the end, all of us play a role in ensuring that our society can progress together. We must make use of the available opportunities, provide support and assistance where possible, and work together to enhance the standard of living of all Singaporeans. (In English): Mr Speaker, allow me to continue in English. Many of my esteemed colleagues in this House had shared their insights from their interactions and discussions with residents and other groups of people. Allow me to add to this and share some of my insights. For one, the people want an efficient Government, one that responds to issues quickly and solves all problems immediately. The people I spoke to lamented about transportation woes, problems with shared bicycles, danger imposed by personal mobility devices. Whilst they acknowledge the current efforts in place to resolve the issues, many hope for a faster solution. Secondly, there is a desire for the Government to allow for space to dissent and disagree. Some shared that the Government should not be high-handed in its approach in responding to criticism, and that there should be better acceptance of its inadequacies and a willingness to change and do better. Above all, the people want to be assured that the Government is a compassionate one, one that would fight for its people, be on their side and do right by them. It seems that unpopular decisions like the Goods and Services Tax increases, imposing car park charges on teachers, no matter how logical they may sound, make people wonder if the Government has heard the people and really care.[+13 sentences] For some people, the many lofty plans and policies will not matter if at the end of the day it does not make their lives better. The expectation on the Government is very high. As it should be, I feel. Our people deserve the best. The previous generation of leaders set high standards of efficiency, of integrity and we should build on these standards. However, the challenge faced by the new generation of leaders is great. Issues about maintaining or, in fact, earning and building trust have surfaced. There are vocal groups who may be in the minority, but their dissent is strong and their views are amplified through social media. The landscape of information flow has changed. We all have confirmation biases and social media helps create echo chambers where already-held beliefs, no matter how unreasonable they may be, are reinforced. It is an uphill battle, but I have faith in the leadership. I am heartened by the candour and humility of the Government. Over the last few days of this debate, I have heard the acknowledgement and acceptance of the people’s grievances, their feedback, and the plan and determination to do better. I have also personally seen the leadership at work with the people and even behind closed-door discussions. There is an earnest desire to engage, to lay out the various tradeoffs and explain why some things can or cannot be done. There is an earnest effort to review and make changes, where appropriate, to help ease difficulties. But there is also courage to make the right decisions, to make unpopular decisions, and to do what is important and right for Singapore.[+1 sentence] I feel that it is this earnestness and courage that define this current Government. Clearly, there is just no short cut to this except the hard work of engaging and helping each group, each person, each individual, and in earning their trust and respect, one heart at a time.[+2 sentences] I also have faith in our people. As Minister Indranee articulately put it just now, it is our values that define us, and I believe that our values will guide us through any turning points in our journey as we continue writing our Singapore Story. The story of the resilience, grit and determination of our forefathers will continue to live in us. I have faith in our collective wisdom to choose what is best for the country in the long run, not just for the short term, and to distinguish the truth from falsehoods, to appreciate sincerity and hard work in building Singapore and to find common ground in the midst of many differing views.[+2 sentences] Mr Speaker, I trust I have completed in good time. I support this Motion.
Mr Speaker53 words
[+8 sentences]Well done! Order. I think we all need a tea break now. I suspend the Sitting. And just to show a little bit more care, I will take the Chair at 2.05 pm. Order. Sitting accordingly suspended at 1.40 pm until 2.05 pm. Sitting resumed at 2.05 pm.
President's Speech10 words
[+1 sentence]– Address of Thanks
Mr Speaker4 words
[+1 sentence]Minister Heng Swee Keat.
The Minister for Finance (Mr Heng Swee Keat)3749 words
[+4 sentences]Mr Speaker, Sir, I rise in support of the Motion. Over these past five days, Members have shared their concerns and also their hopes for Singapore and Singaporeans. Members of Parliament spoke about the immediate issues that Singaporeans are concerned with, such as jobs, cost of living, inequality. These are important. I am glad Members are listening to and reflecting the feelings of their residents.[+1 sentence] We hear you. We are taking action to address our people's needs and concerns, including the cost of living.[+5 sentences] I explained in this year's Budget some of the measures that we are taking to meet the immediate concerns of Singaporeans. Members of Parliament also spoke about our longer-term challenges: geopolitical and economic shifts in our region and the world, technological advances and disruptions that will transform how we live and work, and new social divides that test our cohesion. These long-term issues, too, are important. We must not only navigate the choppy waters that are immediately around us, but have a sense of where we are going, where we are headed towards. When it comes to the longer-term challenges, we are taking action, we are working to secure opportunities for our people. Our Industry Transformation Maps (ITMs) and Community Networks for Seniors, among other things, are major initiatives in this regard.[+19 sentences] Each generation must forge its own way forward. As the Prime Minister put it, a Government must govern. Today, I would like to share some thoughts on how we can take Singapore and Singaporeans into the future. There are two vital parts to this: how we continue bringing out the best in our people; and, how we continue building a culture of partnership and trust in Singapore. First, how will we continue bringing out the best in our people? This is the central question that should occupy each generation of leaders because Singaporeans are at the heart of everything this Government does. This stays constant, whichever the generation of leadership: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G or 10G. What does change are the circumstances. New circumstances call for new approaches from us. So, each successive generation must ask anew: how do we bring out the best in our people? How do we make life even better for our people? Since 1965, we have delivered better lives. Singaporeans of all backgrounds enjoy a safe and secure environment, home ownership, world-class education and good job opportunities. Our people lead fulfilling lives and age with dignity, with the assurance of good quality and affordable healthcare. A child born in Singapore today has one of the best odds in the world of having a safe, healthy and fulfilling life. We are at a more advanced stage of development now. With better lives, come bigger dreams. Can we do better to support our people? We can, and we must. In every sphere, from healthcare to education, from the economy to the creation of jobs, transport to security, we will push the bounds to continue to better the lives of all Singaporeans Minister Ong Ye Kung spoke about how we must strive ceaselessly to tackle inequality so that Singapore remains a place of opportunities for all.[+13 sentences] Minister Ng Chee Meng set out how we will better support vulnerable workers so that they can face change with confidence. Minister Lawrence Wong described our city of tomorrow, one that embraces the future and is more innovative, inclusive and resilient. I first said, "Every School a Good School" in this House. After I did, some Members of Parliament (MPs) said, "every hawker centre a good hawker centre" and "Every MP a good MP". Every school a good school is about bringing out the best in every child. This is what our schools have been doing, recognising that every child is unique. How have we been working towards this? Through a combination of hard and soft ways. Resource each school well; fire up educators with a sense of mission and purpose; create diverse pathways and programmes that cater to the different interests and talents of our children. Equally important is how we have built on one another's work, and this came through very clearly whenever I discuss with Education Ministers at that time with ministers around the world. In MOE, I was fortunate that past Ministers for Education, including Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Dr Ng Eng Hen in this House, passed to me and my team a strong foundation to build upon. I am glad that Minister Ng Chee Meng, and now Minister Ong Ye Kung have continued to build on this. We are now taking this same aspiration beyond our schools to our whole economy and society. Just as we run our schools to bring out the best in every child, we can shape our economy and society to give every Singaporean the opportunities, skills and competencies to fulfill their potential.[+2 sentences] Minister Chan Chun Sing spoke of Singapore Unlimited. Indeed, this is how we can broaden opportunities for our people. Minister Josephine Teo at the Ministry of Manpower and Minister Ng Chee Meng at the National Trades Union Congress are building on what their predecessors have built, by enabling workers to adapt and grow, and providing extra support for low-wage workers, mature workers and middle-aged middle-income workers.[+5 sentences] Bringing out the best in our people is not just about helping Singaporeans to make a good life, to make the grade or make a living. It is about supporting Singaporeans to make a good life and to make a difference. For this reason, it is not only what we know or what we can do that matters. It is what we are made of, what we stand for, that counts. Minister Indranee Rajah spoke on our values and how they define us as a people. Minister Masagos Zulkifli called for us to grow not just any meritocracy, but our Singapore brand of meritocracy where the successful give back to society, where we share common experiences, and where Government policies enable our people to move up.[+14 sentences] There are some values and instincts that are intrinsic to the Singaporean. If we are to bring out the best in every Singaporean, we must stay true to these values. Our existing values of thrift, hard work, resourcefulness and resilience serve us well and we must uphold them. In a new world of greater change, we will need a new emphasis on our values and develop 21st century competencies. From our founding, we have been open to goods, ideas and peoples from around the world. Going forward, we must also be open to change. And not only to the change that comes to us, but go out and actively engage with it, seek our place amidst the change. This means keeping a sense of adventure about new possibilities and having courage in the face of challenges. We have always embraced our wealth of cultures, languages and religions, and turned this diversity into a strength. Going forward, I hope we also treat the growing diversity of perspectives, causes and success pathways as our endowment to treasure and nurture. Our Pioneers, in a spirit of self-determination, fought hard for us to be masters of our own destiny. Going forward, we must stay united against new forces, new fault lines, that may divide us. We must discern and guard against misinformation, stay aware of what is happening around the world, understand and defend what Singapore stands for. And when we chart our way together, we must do so with a respect for the truth and a sense of responsibility to one another. To bring out the best in our people, we must continually find ways to respect, encourage and support Singaporeans to give expression to our values, whether it is through acts of service, such as Values-in-Action education and philanthropic programmes to act on their care and compassion for others; through platforms, such as the Global Innovation Alliance for our people to venture out into the world, to innovate and create value; or through opportunities, like Our Singapore Fund, to celebrate our identity, cultures and all that make being Singaporean special.[+1 sentence] Our goal is to spark Singaporeans' sense of wonder and curiosity when young. Let us fire up their passion to explore and discover, and encourage them to invent and innovate, throughout their lives. We should move away from an over-emphasis on grades, build on the strengths and interests of each child, and develop each to his or her fullest potential. We must strive for multiple ladders of success, multiple peaks of excellence.[+28 sentences] This will take time, but we must continue to persevere. Life is full of wonders and possibilities. To be Singaporean must mean to have the opportunities and abilities to see, seize and seek more of life's possibilities. Our goal must be to make this true for every Singaporean. That is how we will continue bringing out the best in our people. Next, I would like to speak about building a culture of partnership and trust to keep Singapore a special place for all of us. Singapore can have a place in the world only as long as we stand for something special, and only as long as we stand united. We can stand for something special if we draw together the most of everyone's diverse strengths, from across all parts of our society. This takes a pervasive culture of partnership. And we can only stand together if we have strong bonds of trust among us. Partnership and trust work together, nourish each other. The more we partner one another, the better we understand one another, the more the trust will grow. With more trust, we partner and work together more readily. A unity of purpose grows out of our diversity of strengths, through partnership. And unity matters. Other countries watch us. If there are divisions, these will be exploited. You see this in many parts of the world. If we stand united, we stand tall among nations. In this House, we have Government MPs, Opposition MPs, Nominated MPs and Non-Constituency MPs. We engage in vigorous debate, as we should. But when it comes to the crunch, there must be no doubt about one thing: that every single one of us is totally committed to the long-term interests of Singapore and Singaporeans. Whatever our views, let us come together to safeguard our sovereignty and serve the long-term interests of Singapore and Singaporeans. President Halimah has called for us to foster a deeper people-Government partnership. This partnership must be sincere and grounded in trust, with all stakeholders playing meaningful and complementary roles. Each generation of leaders has worked to strengthen the people-and-Government and people-to-people partnerships, building trust between the Government and the people and among all parts of our society. At critical junctures, we came together to chart our course for the future – The Next Lap in 1991, Singapore 21 in 1999, Remaking Singapore in 2002. More recently, Our Singapore Conversation, SG50, SGfuture. The 4G political leadership is committed to building this partnership and growing the trust.[+39 sentences] The Prime Minister said that we need new ideas, new bonds and new connections in every generation. The public is interested in how the 4G political leadership is taking shape. They recognise, rightly, that this is important for our country's future. To build new ideas, new bonds and new connections, we must also develop leadership in all parts of our society. As our challenges become more complex, the Government will not have all the answers. We need to harness the diverse strengths of our society, through leaders at different levels in different parts of our society. By working together, we can achieve something greater than the sum of our parts. So, we must go beyond political leadership, to develop and embrace leadership in every part of society – from our unions and trade associations to NGOs and VWOs. And we must be united by a sense of common purpose and galvanise whole-of-nation efforts to take Singapore forward. Leadership in every part of society will define the quality of our partnerships. It is only when all parts step up, that we can best draw from diverse strengths across society to make a difference. My own interactions with leadership in all parts of society has been enriching and humbling. Our Singapore Conversation and SG50 introduced me to leaders from many fields. They care deeply about an issue or a group of people, take proactive steps to make things better. This is leadership. More than that, they appreciate different points of view, engage in honest dialogue and work together with other groups. This is partnership. The Committee on the Future Economy and now the Future Economy Council are energised and strengthened by the contributions of leaders in business, unions and academia. Mr Thomas Chua, Assoc Prof Randolph Tan and our Labour Members have been involved, and they can attest. Many private sector leaders are also working closely together with our political leaders in a number of focused committees to develop and act on this. Just last week, I shared what we are working on with an eminent visitor from a very advanced economy. When I described to him what we were doing with our ITMs, how we will bring in people together, he lamented that, "We are not even thinking about these issues, much less to bring people together". And he ended up our discussion by saying, "This is why I am so impressed with Singapore and this is how you are going to stay successful". So, I think what we have achieved is not something to be taken for granted and that it is not the natural order of things. We must continue to nurture this very carefully. In fact, in our discussions, businesses, unions, experts, they develop new products, new business models to take their sectors forward. And this is an exercise of leadership. And with the experience they gained, they give back to the Future Economy process with ideas, feedback, even training programmes, to level up across the board. And this is partnership in action. Whenever I join our charities and VWOs for their events, I meet passionate leaders who are actively building a more caring and cohesive community, showing leadership. Indeed, many Members of this House are serving your residents and Singapore in more ways than one, and through your own active philanthropic work – Ms Denise Phua at the Autism Resource Centre; Ms Rahayu Mahzam with the Malay Youth Literary Association; Ms Chia Yong Yong with the Society for the Physically Disabled; Asst Prof Mahdev Mohan with organisations in the legal field; and Mr Louis Ng at the Animal Concerns Research and Education Society (ACRES), and many other Members – it would not be possible to mention every one. But this list shows how much all of you care. More and more, I see different charity organisations coming together to do more together, and businesses are doing skills-based volunteering, lending their unique strengths to charities. And all this shows partnership in action. All this to the benefit of the whole society. And all this is possible because every individual, each organisation, is able to develop to the best in the first place. And this is something special and valuable that we must build upon. I am sure Members of this House all want to see more of such leadership in all parts of our society, and partnership among all parts of our society. The Government will nurture this, even as we do our part to give support where it can make a difference, and to foster a stronger partnership between the Government and the people. The Community Network for Seniors (CNS) is a good example of how we can partner one another to tackle one of our key challenges – an ageing society. CNS brings together Government agencies, VWOs and community groups as one team to help our seniors stay active and well. The idea of partnership may appear simple, but the potential for this partnership to touch lives – about a million seniors by 2030 – is significant.[+6 sentences] CNS is evolutionary in design but revolutionary in impact. It is an example of the kind of boldness that President Halimah has called for. It will be a big step forward in building a caring society. It will be a big step, too, in building our Singapore culture of partnership and trust. And partnership and trust extend beyond our shores. We need to work closely together with our immediate neighbours, and strengthen our relations with ASEAN members and all our major partners. Singapore is ASEAN Chair this year and the Prime Minister has chaired some very significant meetings. We are using this opportunity to work together with our neighbours and to make our contribution towards a more integrated, innovative and resilient ASEAN. I recently chaired the ASEAN Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting in Singapore, and co-chaired the ASEAN+3 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Meeting in Manila with the Korean Deputy Prime Minister.[+11 sentences] These were very successful meetings that bring forward our partnership in the region. And I am very encouraged by our enthusiasm to find ways and means to cooperate and partner one another. It augers well for the future of our region and for the future of Asia. Members of the House have shared what we see are the key issues for our society in the years ahead, and what we would like to build for our future Singapore. You have raised important questions, issues and ideas, and we must take them beyond this Chamber. Singapore belongs to all Singaporeans, and we need a whole-of-Singapore effort to take this journey forward. We will partner Singaporeans each step of the way in our journey of building our future Singapore. The 4G leadership will listen with humility and respect. We will consider all views with an open mind and adjust our course accordingly. We will communicate the thinking behind our decisions clearly. We will bring Singaporeans together and give everyone a role to turn ideas into concrete action. The 4G leaders and MPs will launch a series of discussions with different groups of Singaporeans to kickstart this process.[+10 sentences] We will share our ideas and seek Singaporeans' views on them. In doing so, we capture the wider range of views and perspectives in our diverse society. We will reach out to Singaporeans at different stages of life. Young Singaporeans are already coming forward through the ongoing Youth Conversations. Their views are important because they are our future. But we want to hear from others like the Generation X, Baby Boomers and Pioneers, too. We will reach out to different segments of society – people in different occupations who have different interests and passions and who are contributing back to society in different ways. We will reach out to our workers through the unions. We will reach out to our communities through the grassroots and Community Development Councils. Beyond these efforts, we want to reach out directly to volunteer groups, hobby groups and others who are actively contributing to society in their own ways. As there has been a variety of views shared in this House, we will take stock of them in the coming weeks, before providing further details on a discussion series.[+15 sentences] Through our discussions, we will share our ideas and seek your views. We will build trust and ambition for Singapore and foster a common purpose. We will galvanise action and partnerships across society towards our common goals. Mr Speaker, Sir, I will say a few words in Mandarin. (In Mandarin): : The building of our nation and homes are interconnected. We are able to build our homes and families only if the nation is strong. In turn, the development of our nation is dependent on our people. We can only live and work in contentment and achieve happiness if our nation is prosperous and stable. The future of Singapore lies in the hands of all Singaporeans. The younger generation, in particular, has the responsibility of creating new possibilities for Singapore. The rapidly changing external environment and new technologies bring challenges, but also opportunities. We will create the best conditions for Singaporeans to succeed, help them to seize opportunities, bring out the best in them, so that they can achieve their potential and aspirations. We believe that every profession produces top talents. We hope that more successful people and leaders from different parts of society will come together to build our nation. We also hope that Singaporeans can demonstrate the spirit of “One For All, All For One”, and strengthen social cohesion. The 4G leaders and MPs will continue to engage our people and consider all views with an open mind. We will conduct a series of discussions, strengthen communication with different segments of the society, including charities and community organisations. The 4G leaders will remain true to our conviction, improve the lives of our people, and put the well-being of Singaporeans as a top priority.[+12 sentences] In doing so, the partnership and trust between the Government and the people will deepen. As long as Singaporeans stand united, both during good and tough times, and work together towards our common goal, we will build a better Singapore. (In English): The President has laid out the 4G leadership’s agenda for the coming years. Singaporeans want to be involved in this. We can face the future well if we continue to bring out the best in our people, and if all of us pull together in this spirit of partnership. I have shared with the House our plans to engage Singaporeans in a series of discussions, and to give everyone a role to turn good ideas into actions. Mr Speaker, Sir, may I conclude with a line from our national anthem: "marilah kita bersatu, dengan semangat yang baru". Come, let us unite in a new spirit. It has been decades since the National Anthem was composed. Today, we sing these lyrics in a profoundly changed world. Yet, the call has rung true across the generations and sounds just as clarion for ours. For our generation, unity is just as important as ever. For our generation, our new spirit must be one of greater partnership and trust.[+2 sentences] Let us unite in this new spirit of partnership and trust. Let us strive together as one people, united in our values, undivided in our diversity, giving our best as one for Singapore and Singaporeans.
Mr Speaker3 words
[+1 sentence]Miss Cheryl Chan.
Miss Cheryl Chan Wei Ling (Fengshan)2800 words
[+8 sentences]Mr Speaker, I thank you for the opportunity to round up this Debate on the Address of Thanks to the President. Over the past few days, 70 Members, including the Prime Minister, have passionately shared their vision and views, and actively debated on what is next for Singapore. Members have covered several key themes around the President’s Address: a vibrant economy with equal job opportunities, social mobility and reducing inequality, building an inclusive society, visible leadership in building trust and strong partnerships between the Government and the people. We acknowledge that Singapore is in an advanced stage of development. So, for the next 50 years, how can we do better as an economy, as a society, as one people and one nation? Let me now broadly sum up the views from Members who have spoken in this Debate. First, our future economy. With changing times, our future economy cannot simply be a measure of employment and gross domestic product growth. Our future economic metrics need to reflect societal trends and performance, such as sustainable income of the workforce, retirement adequacy, quality of life and intergenerational wealth transfer.[+3 sentences] Singapore’s early economic focus was on industrialisation and job creation. Through an open economy and thriving on multilaterism, as Mr Vikram Nair said, we have made progress and continue to shift our focus to adapt to industry needs of the time. We have since moved from mass manufacturing to high technology manufacturing; and now we are embarking on industry value-add and digitalisation. With the ITMs and SkillsFuture, we are steadfast in our efforts to transform the sectors, upgrade our workers’ skills and create new opportunities, abreast with the future economy.[+3 sentences] Tripartism has played a significant role in our economy in the past decades. Mr Melvin Yong and Ms Thanaletchimi have called for tripartism to help our workers to embark on the transformation journey at a faster pace and operationalise the ITMs. It is time to galvanise actions that create impactful initiatives on the ground. As with all efforts, they must ultimately translate into tangible jobs, reasonable real wage increases and skills that are relevant to changing business environment.[+12 sentences] We want quality and inclusive economic growth that can help provide jobs and help with the cost of living, as shared by Dr Tan Wu Meng and Mr Zainal Sapari. We need to break new grounds, build new capabilities and transform vision into reality. New partnerships of public and private service model have to be forged. Support has to be given to prevent unfair practices against small businesses. This new world and its changes impact not only our citizens and businesses but also the regulators and the Government. They, too, need to adapt to social, political and global market dynamics. They must be more agile. Speed and mindset shift are essential. Mr Patrick Tay, Mr Ang Hin Kee and Mr Desmond Choo urged the Government to study how the new models of technology like artificial intelligence will impact our workforce and the need for new legal framework around it. Similarly, human resource support for freelancers and new models of contract workers that Mr Ang Hin Kee and I shared. This calls for boldness in the way we do things. Such bold shifts could mean a deviation from what we know best – the structured processes, well-trotted known sectors, MNCs and strict compliance. In my speech, I suggested to create an ecosystem of industries with more small and medium enterprises abroad, a point that was also alluded to by Mr Liang Eng Hwa, Mr Teo Ser Luck and Mr Thomas Chua.[+17 sentences] They further added that we need an effective trade mission, local trade associations and chambers to do more in implementing ITMs, to help our companies hunt better as a pack overseas and overcome the steep learning curve while venturing into foreign emerging markets. For all these to work, it boils down to a key element in our economy – talent. To build a future workforce, we have to cultivate and attract talents. Mr Saktiandi Supaat reinforced the importance of having labour laws that can ensure fair and inclusive employment practices to protect our local talents. Ms Foo Mee Har and Assoc Prof Randolph Tan suggested a differentiated intake approach of talents to help businesses, tap on technology to identify the future skills landscape and why the need for equality of opportunity through our industry transformation push. To cultivate such a workforce, it has to begin young and it starts from our education. We must develop students with varied abilities, not just knowledge but applied learning and emotional quotient that make each individual holistic. Such soft skills of empathy and character building are ever more critical as Er Dr Lee Bee Wah and Miss Cheng Li Hui highlighted. As the saying goes, "All roads lead to Rome". So do the pathways of our students. We should enable diversity in their learning process and broaden the definition of success. Reward them for having learnt and not "mugged". Appreciate each child for their values and their demonstrable soft skills. In the long run, such students would intrinsically have embraced the concept of lifelong learning and are always skillfully deployable in different fields. Lifelong learning must also continue beyond tertiary education, as pointed out by Asst Prof Mahdev Mohan, Mr Gan Thiam Poh and Ms Denise Phua. With digitalisation and an immense economy outside Singapore, all talents – local and global – are not bounded by geography. Minister Chan Chun Sing rightly pointed out that we need to have the skillsets and mindsets to compete internationally. As we build local talents, we need to be mindful that we include global talents, too, particularly from fields that we currently lack.[+7 sentences] There must be a balance to address the immediate and long-term needs. I see the key role of the Government in ensuring there is cross-cultural learning and knowledge transfer to gradually build our local talents over the long haul. Not many economies in the world have evolved at our pace or are as well-organised as us. But having a good start is only the beginning. Looking at the growth and rapid advancement of ASEAN countries and other economies like China, we cannot afford to rest on our laurels. I hope we continue to sprint, to create and be a creative inventor or early adopter in the race, and not a follower. So, we must embrace emerging technology, turn them into useful innovations, and nurture new markets in our Smart Nation and beyond. Mr Henry Kwek suggested harnessing the value of data and digitalisation to create a single national digital platform where businesses can find new opportunities. Ms Tin Pei Ling also highlighted that we must not neglect our seniors in the digitalisation process.[+6 sentences] Instead, we should engender smart communities to support digital access programmes that can help the needy and vulnerable. To achieve all these, our economy needs to continuously create sufficient diversity and attractive jobs, provide work-life balance and develop a positive work culture to appeal to a young and dynamic workforce. After all, it takes a motivated and innovative society to produce outstanding results, as Mr Faisal Manap emphasised. So, let us continue to enlarge our economic pie to ensure there will be more opportunities for our people to pursue, and more outcomes for our people to share. Second, our future society. We must strive to do good together and further ensure we can reduce income inequality and enhance social mobility throughout all segments. This topic was vigorously debated upon by Mr Ang Wei Neng, Mr Png Eng Huat, Mr Sitoh Yih Pin and many more other Members I cannot mention in detail here. I agree with Minister Ong Ye Kung that we have unfinished business of tackling inequality and it requires ceaseless efforts and drive and continued refinement as we progress in our nationhood building, be it through education, jobs, housing or urban planning.[+10 sentences] Our future city should be one that embraces diverse ideals and uplifts our fellow citizens from different backgrounds, a society where every generation has equal opportunities to achieve their dreams better than the previous generation. Whilst finance, family conditions and job cycle vary for every individual, the duty of the Government is to ensure that every citizen has a place in the country, a home to live in, and every child grows up with equal access to education, jobs and a safe environment. But these do not occur by chance. Meticulous planning, social strategies in place and precise execution are necessary. Social cohesion in Singapore was brought about by many factors. We need to continue to work on and strengthen the values that define us as a society. Values of social good, what it takes to be an active citizen, how do we give and share with others – these are areas that we should promote, as noted by Ms Jessica Tan, Mr Dennis Tan, Mr Azmoon Ahmad, Mr Lim Biow Chuan and Mr Chong Kee Hiong. We need to get the basics of the society right and not discard what works just to be bold. Only a good society with strong values and virtues can withstand the test of time. This is a point that Mr Seah Kian Peng also referred to. Further, I say that the Government and the people should begin making our own Tetris safety net.[+6 sentences] A Tetris safety net is one weaved from layers of support, one that is expandable in scope and one that is fundamentally stronger when the layers fall in place. It takes many hands to further ensure that no one is left behind. I appreciate what Mr Louis Ng’s father has taught him, "There is beauty in giving than receiving." Many Members suggested, too, that we must encourage the spirit of community giving. We are fortunate today that we have volunteers, social workers and civil society activists; people who have stood up for causes, listened to other people, gave back and helped others. But we will always have a need for more such helping hands in our society. While the lower-income group is always supported, we have to begin considering expanding our reach in different aspects to give more protection and peace of mind to a burgeoning middle class.[+19 sentences] This explains why it is even more pertinent that we continue to work on options to cater for everyone. From education, healthcare, social networks, housing and integration policies, I hope that, with the additional resources in place, more people can benefit from the assistance available, more can express their individualism, achieve success of their own definition, and eventually pay it forward to help others along. Third, we must strive to do more together as one people, one nation. There is much we want to achieve in the second term of this Government for our people, with our people. But we need to set our sights way beyond the current time, because nation-building is a journey with no end. A common thread amongst every theme that we touch upon as a Government is people. As Minister Heng Swee Keat just said, people are at the heart and core of every policy and implementation that we do. How do we bring out the best in our people? This is also a point that is made by Mr Alex Yam, Ms Rahayu Mahzam and Ms Kuik Shiao-Yin. In Singapore, people are and will always remain our most precious asset. They represent the talent, the essence of our society, and our hope for the future. I share what fellow Members have raised. We are here to build a home, a home that brings happiness, warmth, developments and one that allows every elderly, especially the seniors ahead to age in a dignified way. Family units remain as the bedrock of our society and is our first line of support. But the people in our community can make a difference to our lives, too. They can become the extended family – neighbours and volunteers who help other needy families, seniors, working mothers, families with few dependants. This, in the words of Ms Joan Pereira, and also described by Minister Indranee Rajah, is the true kampung spirit we have – the care for the people around us. Each action, each step, is a sign of strength, unity and hope to fellow Singaporeans. In all that we do, as a citizen, student, parent, caregiver, worker or employer, we must always bear in mind the goal of making this country a more inclusive one. From inclusive growth to inclusive learning to inclusive workplace, we should rally behaviours that promote meritocracy, diversity and inclusion. And encourage social norms, adoption of standards for age-friendly, women-friendly, worker inclusive workplaces, as advocated by Dr Amy Khor, Assoc Prof Fatimah Lateef, Mr Heng Chee How and Ms Low Yen Ling.[+1 sentence] Mr Darryl David also added how we can provide education support for neuro-divergent students and one which I strongly support, too. Dr Chia Shi-Lu spoke about the need to further bridge the gaps in healthcare services for senior patients, individuals with mental health needs, and strengthening our primary healthcare.[+3 sentences] As we strive to do well as an economy and do good as a society, the process is just as important as the outcome, exactly what Ms Sun Xueling mentioned earlier. I trust the Government will strive to constantly work and give of their best to Singaporeans. As we have heard from Members in this House, leadership, teamwork, empathy and trust are very important characteristics to have in our 4G leaders. The Government must strengthen the engagement with our people so that there will be a greater sense of alignment of concerns and aspirations, and a stronger sense of shared ownership.[+20 sentences] The need to work together as a team, to listen with compassion and humility, open to alternative views, deepen engagement and build trust with the people was strongly echoed by Mr Christopher de Souza, Mr Pritam Singh, Mr Ganesh Rajaram, Mr Murali Pillai, Ms Chia Yong Yong and Mr Kok Heng Leun. As citizens, we should also share our views and ideas, endeavour to work with the Government in the spirit of encouragement and experimentation for an optimum outcome each time. We must create our future Singapore together, because Singapore belongs to all of us. We can best succeed when we share this journey together. Mr Speaker, let me end by sharing a story. I brought my parents to the Frances Yip concert last month. Before the close of the concert, Frances introduced a Singaporean songwriter and music producer, Mr Eric Ng, on stage. Eric went on to share his background and talked about his career and how he got into this industry. In all his excitement, he told us that it really started because of a mentor who was willing to give him that first opportunity that truly, indeed, became his first big break into the music industry. He seized the moment and sincerely appealed to all in the audience. This was what he said, “Most of you present here tonight, I believe, are Singaporeans. For what I have been through, I know it would not have been possible without my teacher and a mentor who gave me the opportunity. So, here with me tonight, I have here my own mentees and potentials who will become big in this industry. Thus, I am appealing to all of you to do the same and support local talents. Give these talents a chance, because I know they will make their mark someday.” His appeal was a simple one, but it moved me. It made me reflect and think. Yes, actually many of us should really be doing this for our fellow Singaporeans, be it mentorship, guidance, giving and sharing our experiences and knowledge. This is the spirit we want to have in Singapore. We are able to build things together, look out for one another, not judging others by their backgrounds, but actually treating them with dignity and giving them a chance based on their merits. So, looking ahead, what do we aspire to have in Singapore? I say one where we share common values and spaces, one where many voices are represented, and, certainly, one that enables social mobility and continued equitable wealth distribution.[+2 sentences] In short, it is a place where we find anchors in a country that we are truly proud to call our home. [(proc text) 'We, the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore, express our thanks to the President for the Speech which she delivered on behalf of the Government at the Opening of the Second Session of this Parliament.'." (proc text)]
Mr Speaker57 words
[+4 sentences]Before we proceed to the Second Reading, I would like to remind Members, while I appreciate the familiarity and camaraderie that all of you share, do refrain from addressing fellow Members by their first name. So, do address one another a bit more formally. Order. The Clerk will now proceed to read the Orders of the day.